500 



HAG 



HAGENBACH 



If we may credit popular tradition, at the death of 

 Hafiz the ' rigidly orthodox ' objected to the inter- 

 ment of his corpse with the customary ceremonies, 

 because of the loose tone of many of his odes, and 

 his alleged scepticism, if not rank infidelity. But 

 some of his friends procured an appeal to the poet's 

 Divdn, which opened at a passage that set all 

 doubts as to his orthodoxy at rest : 



Turn not away from the bier of Hafiz, 

 For, though immersed in sin, he may yet be admitted into 

 Paradise. 



It is generally believed that Hdfiz lived to a good 

 old age, although the date of his birth is not 

 recorded. His tomb, which is situated some two 

 miles north-east of Shiraz, has been most magnifi- 

 cently adorned by princes and wealthy vazirs, and 

 is visited by numerous pilgrims and others from all 

 parts of Persia. 



The odes of Hafiz were first collected by Kasim 

 Anvari, after the poet's death. Many editions of the 

 Persian text have been printed, among which the most 

 important are the following: by Abu Salih Khan 

 Ispahan! at Calcutta ( 1791 ) ; by G. Jervis and others at 

 Bombay (1828); an edition printed at Cawnpore (1831), 

 and one at Bulak (1834), and again in 1840. A valuable 

 edition of the text by Brockhaus, in 3 vols., was pub- 

 lished at Leipzig ( 1854-61 ). ' Von Rosenzweig-Schwannau 

 published at Vienna a German translation of the greater 

 portion of the poems (3 vols. 1858-64). The earliest 

 rendering of a selection of the ghazals of Hafiz was 



Eublished at Vienna in 1771, in Latin by Reviczki, and 

 :om it Richardson chiefly translated his Specimen of 

 Persian Poetry, or the Odes of Hafiz (1802). There are 

 other English renderings of some of the odes by Nott 

 (1787), Hindley (1800), Rousseau (1801), Sir William 

 Ouseley (1797-98), Bicknell (1875), Love (1877), and S. 

 R. [Robinson] (1875). In 1891 Lieutenant-colonel 

 Wilberforce Clarke published a complete English prose 

 rendering of the Divdn-i-Hdfiz ; in 1881 Professor 

 Palmer had contemplated an English metrical transla- 

 tion of the entire Divdn. There are also German 

 versions of some of the poems by Von Hammer (1813), 

 Daumer (1846), and Nesselmann (1865.). 



, one of the vernacular names for the Myx- 

 ine glutinosa L. , one of the Cyclostomata or Round- 

 mouths, allied to the lamprey. It is common off the 

 coasts of the north of England, Scotland, and Nor- 

 way, and of the North Atlantic generally, living in 

 muddy ground at a depth of 40 to 345 fathoms. The 

 mouth is a hollow suctorial disc, furnished with a 

 single tooth above and two rows of strong, pointed, 

 horny teeth below. There is a single nasal aperture 

 above the mouth, which communicates with the 

 pharynx. Round the nostril and mouth are four 

 pairs of short barbules or tentacles. The body is 



eel-shaped, with no lateral fins, but a slight median 

 fin round the tail. There are no bones ; the back- 

 bone is represented by a persistent notochord with 

 a cartilaginous sheath ; the skull and mouth- 

 skeleton are also cartilaginous. There are six gill- 

 pouches on each side, communicating internally 

 by as many short tubes with the gullet, and ex- 

 ternally giving off six longer tubes which unite and 

 open by a single external aperture in each side 

 of the body at some distance from the head. No 

 eyes externally ; mere rudiments internally. The 

 intestine is straight. On each side of the ventral 

 median line are a series of cutaneous glands which 

 secrete large quantities of gelatinous slime. There 



are no genital ducts. The eggs are of very large 

 size, and when expelled from the ovary are con- 

 tained in a horny egg-membrane ; their shape is 

 an elongated ellipsoid, at each end of which are 

 a number of fine knobbed processes of the horny 

 case, by which the eggs become entangled together. 

 In the young state the animals are hermaphrodite, 

 and contain immature eggs and ripe milt ; when 

 older they produce eggs only. The fish is about 15 

 inches in length when adult, and of a livid red 

 colour. There are no scales. The Myxine, when 

 not feeding, lies buried in the mud, with only the 

 single nostril protruded, and a respiratory current 

 of water passes through this nostril to the gill- 

 pouches, escaping again by the branchial aperture. 

 These creatures are often caught in very large 

 numbers on haddock-lines (long lines). They 

 gorge the bait (mussels) down into their stomachs. 

 They also attack fish (cod, haddock) hooked on 

 the lines, and devour all the flesh, leaving the skin 

 and skeleton. They probably attack living fish 

 (Gadidse) in the same way, but evidence on this 

 point does not seem very certain. Three species 

 are known the North Atlantic one mentioned, 

 another from Japan, and another from Magellan 

 Strait. Bdellostoma, which is closely allied, has 

 six or more separate external branchial openings 

 on each side, and is larger. Two species are known ; 

 one is common at the Cape. Nansen, while he was 

 still at Bergen, described the hagfish as a herma- 

 phrodite 'in a transition stage,' for according to 

 his researches the animal is a male until it attains 

 a certain size, and thereafter a female, or in some 

 cases a hermaphrodite. 



Hagar. See ABRAHAM. 



Hagberry. See BIRD-CHERRY. 



Hagbut. See FIREARMS. 



Hagedorn, FRIEDRICH VON, poet, was bora 

 23d April 1708, at Hamburg, studied at Jena, and 

 in 1733 became secretary to an old trading company 

 at Hamburg called the 'English Court.' He died 

 28th October 1754. His poetry consists mainly of 

 light satire, narrative, ana ' society ' verses. Since 

 1756 there have been many collected editions of his 

 poems (as in 1825, 5 vols.). See works by Schuster 

 (1883) and Eigenbrodt (1884). 



Hagen f an industrial town of Prussia, in the 

 Ruhr coal district of Westphalia, 12 miles NE. of 

 Elberfeld-Barmen. It carries on a great deal of 

 puddling and iron-founding, and has manufactures 

 of iron, steel, and tin goods, cotton, cloth, leather, 

 paper, beer, and tobacco. Pop. (1875) 24,290; 

 (1885)29,611; (1895)41,833. 



Hagenail, a town of Alsace-Lorraine, situated 

 in the Hagenau forest, on the Moder, 21 miles by 

 rail N. by E. of Strasburg, manufactures porcelain 

 stoves, and has cotton and woollen spinning. The 

 chief trade is in hops and wine. The Romanesque 

 church of St George dates from the 12th century, 

 and the Gothic church of Nicholas from the 13th. 

 Having been invested with town rights by Frederick 

 Barbarossa in 1164, it was made a free imperial 

 city in 1257. By the treaty of Westphalia (1648) 

 it was given up to France, and in 1871 finally 

 returned to Germany. Pop. (1875) 11,726; (1885) 

 13,460; (1890) 14,752. 



Hagenbach, KARL RUDOLF, theologian, was 

 born 4th March 1801, at Basel. While at the 

 universities of Bonn and Berlin, where he studied 

 theology, he was principally influenced by Schleier- 

 macher and Neander ; and on his return to Basel 

 he received a fresh impulse from his intercourse 

 with De Wette. From 1824 he occupied a chair 

 of Theology in his native town, and died there, 

 7th June 1874. The subjects he taught were the 

 history of dogma and of the church ; in respect of 



