HAKODATE 



HALE 



511 



Hakodate, the chief port of Yezo in Japan, 



i.-.l mi a peninsula in the Strait of Tsugaru. 

 Tin- luuii i-, Iniilt partly on tin- inner slope of the 

 Gibraltar-like bUl (1900 feet) which dominate-, the 



strait, partly on tin- low sandy peninsula connect 

 iiiu r tin- liill \\itli tin- main island. The climate is 

 severe. Hakodate, which lias a magnificent liar 

 lionr, i- i Cilice Is.V.t ) one of the open ports of Japan, 

 and cariic^ on a brisk export trade in seaweed, 

 sulphur, bee he dc nier, salted salmon, matches, &c. 

 Tli.- annual value of exports in towards 200,000; 

 that ..I import- is trilling. Pop. (1893) 63,916. 



Hal, a IONMI in South Brahant, 9 miles hv rail 

 Ss\v. iH. ni llrnsvls. The church of St Mary 

 ( l.'J41-1409) is much resorted to by pilgrims on 

 account ol' a Mack miracle-working wooden image 

 of the Virgin, which during a bombardment in 

 I..MI can-lit thirty-three cannon-balls in her lap 

 they lie piled up in the tower. Pop. ( 1893) 10,570. 

 Halaclia. See EXEGESIS, TALMUD. 

 Hallis, a town of Hungary, in the district of 

 Little Cumania, 82 miles by rail SSE. of Buda- 

 pest. Pop. 15,039. 



Ilalbcrstadt, a quaint old town of Prussian 

 Saxony, situated in a fertile plain extending from 

 the north foot of the Harz Mountains, 25 miles SW. 

 of Magdeburg. The cathedral, containing fine 

 painted glass, and valuable antiquities and objects 

 of art, although restored in 1850-71, is the most 

 notable building in the town. It was erected in 

 the 13th and 14th centuries in the Pointed style. 

 Other buildings of interest are the church of Our 

 Lady (1146), with antique reliefs and wall-paint- 

 ings ; the town-house ( 1360-81 ), before which stands 

 a Roland pillar ; the wine-cellar beneath the town- 

 house ; and the Peterhof, formerly the residence 

 of the bishops. The chief industries of the town 

 are gloves, cigars, machines, sugar, leather, paper, 

 spirits, &c. ; and there are also large workshops for 

 railway repairs. Halberstadt dates from 820, the 

 year in which the see was transplanted from Oster- 

 wieck to the site of the town of Halberstadt. It 

 received town rights in 998 ; was twice burned 

 down in the 12th century ; and was held alter- 

 nately by the Swedes and Imperialists during the 

 Thirty Yean 1 War. In 1648 it was given to 

 Brandenburg. Pop. (1875) 27,800; (1885) 34,037; 

 (1890)36,768. SeeZschi- 

 esche, Halberstadt sonst 

 undjetzt (1882). 



Halbert, or HAL- 

 BARD, a weapon which 

 consisted of a strong 

 wooden shaft about 6 feet 

 in length, surmounted by 

 an instrumentresembling 

 an axe, balanced on the 

 opposite side by a hook 

 or pick, whilst the shaft 

 was continued in a sharp 

 pike-head. The weapon 

 was much used in Ger- 

 many, Switzerland, and 

 France. In England it 

 was a common arm from 

 the reign of Henry VII. 

 to that of George III. 

 Now it is rarely seen ex- 

 cept as Iwrne by yeomen 

 of the guard and others 

 on certain ceremonial 

 occasions. A variety of 

 the same weapon may be 

 recognised in the Scottish 

 Lochaber Axe (q.v.). 

 Halcyon Days, a name given by the ancients 

 to the seven days which precede and the seven 



Ancient HAlbert-head. 



which follow the shortest day of the year, on 

 account of a fable that during t hi- time, while the 

 halcyon bird or Kingfisher (q.v.) was bringing, there 

 always prevailed calms at sea. From this the 

 phrase ' halcyon days' has come to signify times of 

 nappinexH and tranquillity. 



Haldane, UOKKUT, was horn in London, Feb- 

 ruary '2H, 17W, and was educated at the grammar- 

 school ni Dundee and the university of Edinburgh. 

 In 1780 he joined the Monarch, his uncle 

 count Duncan's ship, afterwards saw Home service 

 under Admiral Jervis, and was present at the 

 relief nf ( ;ihraltar, but left the navy at the peace of 

 17*:i to setih; on his estate near Stirling. The 

 French Revolution lired him with new ho|es for 

 the regeneration of man, but ere long a profound 

 spiritual change turned the energies of his life into 

 completely new channels. His vast project for a 

 great mission in Bengal, at his own expense, was 

 frustrated by the East India Company's refusal of 

 their sanction ; but by his ' Society for the Pro- 

 pagation of the Gospel at Home ' he built so many 

 ' tabernacles ' and supported so many itinerant 

 preachers that in twelve years he had expended 

 more than 70,000. In the year 1817 he lectured 

 to theological students at Geneva and Montauhan, 

 and returned to Scotland in 1819, taking an active 

 interest thereafter in all religious questions, as the 

 Apocrypha and Sabbath controversies. He died 

 12th December 1842. His best-known books are 

 Evidences and Authority of Divine Revelation 

 (1816), On the Inspiration of Scripture (1828), and 

 Exposition of the Epistle to the Romans (1835). 

 JAMES ALEXANDER, brother of the preceding, was 

 born at Dundee, July 14, 1768, and was educated 

 at the High School and university of Edinburgh. 

 At sixteen he entered the navy, and served for nine 

 years, after which he abruptly abandoned the 

 service, although in the meantime he had been 

 appointed to the command of a vessel. A study of 

 the Bible had led him to the same conclusions in 

 religion as his elder brother. Soon afterwards he 

 made the acquaintance of the famous Simeon of 

 Cambridge, and with him traversed Scotland on an 

 evangelistic tour. His later missionary journeyings 

 brought him into collision with the Church of "Scot- 

 land, and at length in 1799 he was ordained the 

 independent pastor of -a church in Edinburgh, in 

 which he preached gratuitously for 6fty years, and 

 which in 1808 he led into the Baptist fold. He 

 died 8th February 1851. His pamphlets were widely 

 read in their day by those within the range of his 

 influence. Two late books were his Doctrine of the 

 Atonement (1845) and his Exposition of the Epistle 

 to the Galatians (1848). See Memoirs of R. and 

 J. A. Haldane, by Alexander Haldane (1852). 



Hale, JOHN PARKER, an American statesman, 

 was born at Rochester, New Hampshire, in 1806, 

 and was United States attorney for his state in 

 1834-41. Returned to congress in 1842, as a 

 Democrat, his' name was afterwards removed from 

 the party ticket because he refused to support the 

 annexation of Texas. The struggle that followed 

 ended in a victory for the anti-slavery party, and 

 in 1847 Hale was elected to the United States 

 senate, where he served for sixteen years. He was 

 the Free-soil candidate for the presidency in 1852, 

 but received under 5 per cent. 01 the total popular 

 vote. He was minister to Spain from 1865 to 1869, 

 and died 19th Noveml>er 1873. 



Hale, SIR MATTHEW, Lord Chief -justice of Eng- 

 land, was born 1st November 1609 at Alderley, 

 Gloucestershire. Intended for the church, he was 

 sent to Oxford University in his sixteenth year. 

 But suddenly he abandoned his studious hal.it-. 

 and, joining a company of strolling-players, ^-a\e 

 way to a good deal of dissipation. He wa> on the 



