512 



HALE 



point of becoming a soldier when Serjeant Glanville 

 induced him to adopt the legal profession. Accord- 

 ingly in 1628 Hale entered the Society of Lincoln's 

 Inn, and resuming his habits of persevering study 

 was in due course called to the bar ( 1637 ). He soon 

 acquired a considerable practice. In the quarrel 

 between king and parliament Hale refrained from 

 identifying himself with either side. When, how- 

 ever, parliament got the upper hand, he signed the 

 Solemn League and Covenant, sat in the Assembly 

 of Divines at Westminster, tried to bring about a 

 settlement between the king and parliament, arid 

 ultimately, taking his engagement to the Common- 

 wealth, was made a judge under Cromwell in 1653. 

 He acted as a puisne judge of the Common Pleas 

 till Cromwell's death, but refused to have his com- 

 mission renewed by Richard Cromwell. After the 

 Restoration he was made Chief-baron of the Court 

 of Exchequer, and eleven years later was trans- 

 ferred to the Chief-justiceship of the Court of 

 King's Bench. As a judge he was acute, learned, 

 and sensible, and set his face against bribery, one 

 of the vices of the age. He was a pious man and a 

 friend of Richard Baxter, but, like Baxter, was not 

 able to rise superior to the belief in witchcraft. He 

 wrote numerous works, as History of the Pleas of 

 the Crown (1739), History of the Common Law of 

 England (1713), and various Moral and Religions 

 Works (ed. by Thirl wall, 1805) ; and lie bequeathed 

 several valuable legal MSS. to Lincoln's Inn. He 

 resigned his office from ill-health in February 1676, 

 and died on Christmas-day of that year. See Lives 

 by Burnet (1682), William! (1835), Roscoe (1838), 

 and Campbell (1849). 



Hale, NATHAN, an American soldier, who was 

 born at Coventry, Connecticut, 6th June 1755, rose 

 to the rank of captain in the Continental army, 

 and, having volunteered to penetrate the British 

 lines and procure intelligence for Washington, was 

 detected, and executed as a spy in New York city, 

 22d September 1776. See Lossing, The Tivo Spies, 

 Nathan Hale and John Andre (New York, 1886). 

 EDWARD EVERETT HALE, his grand-nephew, 

 author of The Man, without a Country, was born 

 in Boston, Massachusetts, on the 3d of April 1822, 

 graduated at Harvard in 1839, and was admitted 

 to the Congregational ministry in 1842. In 1856 

 he was called to the South Congregational (Uni- 

 tarian) Church in Boston, and in 1879 he received 

 his doctorate from Harvard. His influence in 

 philanthropic movements has been widespread. 

 His book Ten Times One is Ten (Boston, 1870) 

 originated in America a numerous series of ' Lend 

 a Hand ' clubs, sometimes under other names, and 

 with offshoots in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the 

 Pacific Islands ; a recent development in the United 

 States is the society of ' The King's Daughters. ' 

 The motto of these clubs is ' Look up and not 

 down ; look forward and not back ; look out and 

 not in; and lend a hand.' Dr Hale has edited 

 several religious and other journals, as well as 

 Lingard's History of England, and original docu- 

 ments ( from the British state papers and the British 

 Museum) bearing on the founding of Virginia. His 

 published books number nearly fifty. 



Hale, SARAH JOSEPHA, author of Mary's Lamb, 

 was born at Newport, New Hampshire, October 

 24, 1788. On the death of her husband, David 

 Hale, in 1822, she devoted herself to authorship, and 

 became in 1828 editor of the Ladies' Magazine, 

 which she continued to conduct after it had, in 

 1837, become united with Godey's Lady's Book ; 

 nor did she retire from her editorial work until 

 1877. She was instrumental in procuring the 

 employment of lady medical missionaries, in com- 

 pleting the Bunker Hill monument, and in securing 

 that Thanksgiving Day should be simultaneously 



HALES 



observed in all the states. She published nearly 

 twenty works, including poems, cookery books, 

 books of poetical extracts, and novels. Her most 

 important work is Woman's Record : or Sketches of 

 Distinguished Women ( 3d ed. 1869). She died 30th 

 April 1879. Her son, HORATIO, born 3d May 1817, 

 in 1837 graduated at Harvard, and was appointed 

 ethnologist to the United States Pacific exploring 

 expedition. He prepared the valuable expedition 

 report on Ethnography and Philology (1846), and 

 published numerous memoirs and works on kindred 

 subjects, including Indian Migrations as evidenced 

 by Language (1883), The Iroquois Book of Rites 

 (1883), a Report on the Blackfoot Tribes, presented 

 to the British Association in 1885, and his intro- 

 ductory address, delivered as president of the An- 

 thropological Section of the American Association 

 in!886,on The Origin of Languages and the Antiquity 

 of Speaking Man. He died December 29, 1896. 



Halepa, a suburb of Canea (q.v.), where in 

 1869 the Turks made concessions to the Cretans. 

 Hales. See ALEXANDER OF HALES. 

 Hales JOHN, the ' Ever-memorable,' was born 

 at Bath in 1584, and was educated in ' grammar 

 learning' in his native city. At thirteen he 

 entered Corpus Christi College, Oxford, took his 

 degree in July 1603, and obtained a fellowship 

 at Merton College in 1605 as ' a person of learn- 

 ing above his age and standing.' Wood tells us 

 of his extraordinary subtlety in philosophical dis- 

 putation, of his eloquence, and of his unusual 

 knowledge of the Greek tongue, which contrib- 

 uted greatly to Sir Henry Savile's edition of St 

 Chrysostoin, and procured for himself in 1612 the 

 chair of Greek in his university. Next year 

 he delivered the funeral oration of Sir Thomas 

 Bodley, and was admitted a Fellow of Eton. In 

 j 1618 he went to the Hague as chaplain to the 

 i ambassador, Sir Dudley Carleton, for whom he 

 made a report of the proceedings at the famous 

 synod of Dort, in a very interesting series of 

 letters. Here the passion and contentious zeal of 

 extreme orthodoxy seem to have convinced him 

 that neither side possessed the monopoly of truth, 

 and indeed that it is a hopeless attempt to express 

 spiritual truth within precise dogmatic definitions. 

 According to his friend Farindon, 'there he bid 

 John Calvin good-night, as he often told.' Early 

 in 1619 he returned to Eton to devote himself to 

 continuous study, varied only by a journey to 

 London once a year. Yet he was no melancholy 

 recluse, but delighted in the conversation of such 

 friends as Chillingworth, Lord Falkland, Savile, 

 and Sir Henry Wotton, as well as Ben Jonson, 

 Suckling, and other London wits. His too liberal 

 Tract concerning Schism and Schismatics brought 

 him under the displeasure of Laud, who was, how- 

 ever, satisfied after a personal conference and an 

 apologetic letter, and appointed him to a canonry 

 at Windsor, the only preferment Hales could ever 

 be induced to accept. No doubt he allowed him- 

 self to be persuaded, because he loved peace better 

 than argument ; and Peter Heylin's account of how 

 Hales told him that Laud's logic had ' ferreted him 

 from one hole to another ' need not be taken too 

 literally, being, as Hallam says, ludicrous, con- 

 sidering the relative abilities of the two men. 

 The Puritan supremacy deprived him of his office, 

 and reduced him to great want, which Andrew 

 Marvell said well was ' not one of the least 

 ignominies of that age.' He. was forced to dispose 

 of his fine collection of books, which must have 

 been the keenest trial to his scholar's heart. He 

 died at Eton, 19th May 1656. 



Hales is a rare example of a profound student 

 without pedantry, a ripe theologian with an alto- 

 gether untheological clearness of mind and direct- 



