514 



HALEVY 



HALIBUT 



Orphee aux Enfers (1861), La belle Helene (1865), 

 La Vie Parisienne (1866), La Grande-duchesse de 

 Gerolstein ( 1867), Les Brigands (1870). He wrote 

 besides a large number of vaudevilles and comedies, 

 among them La Perichole (1868), Froufrou (1869), 

 Tricoche et Cacolet ( 1872), Le Mari de la Debutante 

 ( 1878 ), and La petite Mere ( 1880 ). His Madame et 

 Monsieur Cardinal (1873) and Les petits Cardinal 

 (1880) are delightfully humorous sketches of 

 Parisian theatrical life; his L 'Invasion (1872) was 

 a collection of personal recollections of the war. 

 In 1882 he startled the world with his charming 

 idyllic story L'Abbe Constantin, which has been 

 well followed, but not in the same vein, by Criquette 

 (1883) and Deux Manages (1883). Halevy was 

 admitted to the Academy in 1886. 



Halevy, JOSEPH, an eminent French orientalist 

 and traveller, was born 15th December 1827, at 

 Adrianople. In 1868 he travelled in northern 

 Abyssinia; next he traversed (1869-70) Yemen in 

 quest of Sabsean inscriptions for the French Acad- 

 emy one of the most fruitful journeys ever made 

 by an archaeologist. No European face had been 

 seen in the Jowf since the soldiers of .^Elius 

 Gallus had visited it in the year 24 A.D., and 

 Halevy travelled as far north as Bled Nedjran 

 ( 18 N. lat.), and was able to collect as many as 860 

 inscriptions. His chief books are Mission archeo- 

 logique dans le Yemen ( 1872), Essai sur la Langue 

 Agaou, le Dialect des Falachas (1873), Voyage au 

 Nedjrdn (1873), tudes Berberes (1873), Melanges 

 dfipigraphie et d'Archeologie Semitiques (1874), 

 Etudes Sabcennes (1875), Etudes sur la Syllabaire 

 Cuneiforme ( 1876), Recherches critiques sur I'Origine 

 de la Civilisation Babylonienne (1877), Essai sur 

 les Inscriptions du Safa (1882), and Melanges de 

 Critique et d'Histoire (1883). 



Haifa. See ESPARTO. 



Half-blood, related through one parent only. 

 When two persons have the same father, but not 

 the same mother, they are called brothers or sisters 

 consanguinean ; when they have the same mother 

 only, they are called brothers and sisters uterine. 

 See* SUCCESSION. 



Half-pay is an allowance given in the British 

 army and navy to commissioned officers who are 

 not actively employed, and corresponds to the 

 French demi-solde. 



In the navy, officers are appointed to a ship to 

 serve for the period during which she is in com- 

 mission. At the end of that period, or if promoted 

 or otherwise removed from her, they are placed on 

 half-pay until again called upon to serve. As the 

 number of naval officers always exceeds that of the 

 appointments open to them, there are at all times 

 many on the non-effective list receiving about 60 

 per cent, of the pay of their rank. 



In the army, permanent half-pay, first granted 

 in 1698, was abolished in 1884, retired pay being 

 substituted for it. Under the provisions of the 

 royal warrant of 1887, lieutenant-colonels who 

 have held command for four years are placed 

 on temporary half-pay (11s. a day ) until promoted. 

 Majors' of seven years' regimental, or five years' 

 staff service in that rank may claim promotion to 

 half-pay lieutenant-colonelcies, and these or any 

 officers of lower rank may be placed on the half- 



Eay of their rank while incapacitated through ill- 

 ealth, or as a punishment for inefficiency. Half- 

 pay officers are eligible for any employment suited 

 to their rank, but are not borne on the strength 

 of any regiment. 



Seconded officers are those who are extra-regi- 

 mentally employed, but whose names remain on 

 the rolls of their regiments, additional officers 

 being appointed in their places. On the termina- 

 tion of such employment they are absorbed into 



the regiment as soon as vacancies occur in their 

 proper rank. 



Officers on retired pay are liable to be called 

 upon to serve in case of national peril or great 

 emergency. 



Haliburtoii, THOMAS CHANDLER, colonial 

 judge and author, was born at Windsor, Nova 

 Scotia, in 1796, was called to the bar in 1820, and 

 became a member of the House of Assembly. He 

 was raised to the bench as chief-justice of the 

 common pleas in 1829, and in 1842 became judge 

 of the supreme court. In 1856 he retired from the 

 bench, and took up his residence in England. In 

 1858 he received the degree of D.C.L. from the 

 university of Oxford, and in 1859 entered parlia- 

 ment as Conservative member for Launcestori. 

 He is best knoAvn as the author of Sam Slick, the 

 name of a Yankee clockmaker and pedlar, a sort 

 of American Sam Weller, whose quaint drollery, 

 unsophisticated wit, knowledge of human nature, 

 and aptitude in the use of what he calls ' soft 

 sawder' have given him a fair chance of im- 

 mortality. The series of newspaper sketches in 

 which this character had first been introduced 

 was published in 1837 as The Clockmaker, or 

 Sayings and Doings of Samuel Slick of Slickville ; 

 two later series followed in 1838 and 1840, and 

 The Attach^, or Sam Slick in England, in 1843. 

 Haliburton's other works include A Historical and 

 Statistical Account of Nova Scotia; Bubbles of 

 Canada ; The Old Judge, , or Life in Colony ; 

 Letter-bag of the Great Western ; Yankee Stories, 

 and Traits of American Humour; Nature and 

 Human Nature ; Rule and Misrule of the English 

 in America ; and Wise Saws and Modern Instances. 

 He died at Isleworth, 27th August 1865. 



Halibut, or HOLIBUT (Hippoqlossiis vulgaris)* 

 the largest of all the flat-fish (Pleuronectidae), in 

 form more elongated than the flounder or the tur- 

 bot, the eyes on the right side, the upper surface 

 smooth, and covered with small soft oval scales, 



Halibut (Hippoglossus vulgaris). 



the colour brownish, marbled all over with darker 

 markings, the under surface smooth and white. The 

 halibut, though esteemed for the table, is not to be 

 compared in quality with the turbot ; its flesh, though 

 white and firm, is dry and of little flavour. It is 

 found from the coasts of Spitzbergen to Iceland, 

 off Newfoundland, &c., and from Finland and 

 Scandinavia to the British and French coasts, but 

 is rare in the Channel. It is abundant off the 

 Orkneys, especially in eddies where tides meet. 

 It is also found on the coasts of New England, 

 New York, California, and Kamchatka. It 

 is a fish of great value to the Greenlanders, 

 who preserve it for winter use by cutting it into 

 long strips and drying it in the air. Oil is obtained 

 from it in considerable quantity, chiefly from the 

 bones. It attains a great size ; specimens have 



