HAMILTON 



529 



sol, i in 1SX2 f.r nearly 400,000. Within its policies 

 .iiperb mausoleum ( ls.vj), tin- ruins of Cadzow 

 , tli.- herd of wild white cattle, and sonic 

 primeval oaks. 



Hamilton, a city of Canada, the chief town in 

 tlir county of Wentwi ii-th, Ontario, is situated <.n 

 Biirlin-toii l!a\. at the west end of Lake Ontario, 

 iles l.y r.-ii'l SW. of Toronto, and 66 WNW. of 

 tia Pulls. The business portion lies at the 

 .1 The Mountain,' on whose slope many line 

 residences are embowered among trees and gardens. 

 - line the wide, handsome streets; the houses 

 are mostly suhstantial stone erections, and the 

 OOOrt-house and county buildings are among the 

 linest in Canada. The city is an important rail- 

 was centre, stands in the midst of a populous and 

 highly-cultivated district, at the head of the lake 

 navigation, and is said to possess a larger number 

 of manufactories of iron, cotton, and woollen goods, 

 sewing-machines, hoots, glass-ware, &c. than any 

 other town in Canada. Hamilton, which was 

 founded in 1813, is the seat of an Anglican and of 

 A Koman Catholic bishop, and sends two members 

 to the House of Commons and one to the pro- 

 vincial legislature. Pop. (1861) 19,096; (1881) 

 35,9(51 ; ( 1891 ) 48,980. 



Hamilton* metropolis of the western part of 

 Victoria, on (Grange Burn Creek, 224 miles by rail 

 W. of Melbourne. Two pastoral and agricultural 

 exhibitions are, held here annually, and two race- 

 meetings. Pop. 3000. 



Hamilton, (1) capital of Butler county, Ohio, 

 on the Great Miami River, and on the Miami and 

 Erie Canal, 25 miles by rail N. of Cincinnati. It 

 lia^ a number of paper and Hour mills, several 

 foundries, manufactories of farming-implements, 

 breweries, &c. Pop. (1900) 23,914. (2) A post- 

 village of New York, 37 miles SE. of Syracuse, 

 i< the seat of Madison University, and of Hamilton 

 Theological Seminary, both Baptist. P. (1900) 1627. 



Hamilton, capital (pop. 2100) of Bermuda 

 <q.v.). 



Hamilton, a great historical family, is be- 

 lieved to be of English origin. The pedigree of 

 the family, however, cannot be carried beyond 

 Walter Pitz-Gilbert (son of Gilbert), called Hamil- 

 ton, who in 1290 held lands in Lanarkshire, and 

 swore fealty to King Edward I. of England as 

 overlord of Scotland, and in 1314 kept the castle 

 -of Bothwell, on the Clyde, for the English. His 

 sin render of this strong fortress, and of the English 

 knights and nobles who had fled to it from the field 

 of Bannocklmrn, was rewarded by King Robert 

 Bruce by grants of the lands and baronies of 

 Cad/ow and Maehanshire in Clydesdale, Kinneil 

 and Larbert in West Lothian, and other lands for- 

 feited by the Cumyns and other adherents of Eng- 

 land. Me attained the rank of knighthood, and 

 married Mary, daughter of Sir Adam of Gordon of 

 Hiintly. He left two sons. The elder, Sir David 

 Kit/ Walter, was taken prisoner by the English at 

 the battle of Neville's Cross in *1346, founded a 

 chantry in the cathedral of Glasgow in 1361, and 

 appears among the barons in the Scottish parlia- 

 ments of I3iw, 1371, and 1373. His eldest son, Sir 

 David of Hamilton of Cad/ow, was the first to 

 a nme t lie surname of Hamilton. 



IH KKS OK HAMILTON, \-,-. The family was only 

 knightly till it was ennobled in its sixth genera- 

 tion, in Sir James of Hamilton of Cad/ow, who in 

 1 !."> was created Lord Hamilton by a charter 

 which consolidated his whole lands into the lord- 

 ship of Hamilton, with his manor place of 'the 

 Orchard,' in the barony of Cad/ow. as his chief 

 messuage. In 1460 he founded a college in the 

 university of Glasgow the first college in Scotland 

 founded by a layman. He also founded and 

 242 



endowed the collegiate church of Hamilton. Allied 

 lM>th by marriage and by di.-Hcent to the DougUuMO, 

 lie loll.'. wc<l their banner in the beginning of their 

 great struggle, with the crown. But he forsook 

 them at a critical moment in 1454, arid his season- 

 able loyalty watt rewarded by large grants of 

 their forfeited lands. At a later period, after the 

 death of his first wife, when he. nm.-t have; Ijeen 



well ad van 1 in years, he received in marriage 



the Princess Mary, the eldest daughter of King 

 James II., formerly the wife of Thomas Boyd, the 

 attainted Earl of Arran. His only son by her, 

 .lames, second Lord Hamilton, was in 1503 made 

 Earl of Arran, and had a grant of that island, the 

 dowry of his mother on her first marriage. After 

 playing an important part in public affairs during 

 the minority of King James V., he died in 1529, 

 being succeeded by the eldest son of his third \\ife 

 (a niece of Cardinal Beaton), James, second Earl 

 of Arran. The death of King James V. in 1542 

 left only an infant a few days old between him 

 and the throne. He was at once chosen regent of 

 the kingdom and tutor to the young queen, and 

 declareu to be ' second person in the realm. ' He 

 held his liigh oflices till 1554, when he resigned 

 them in favour of the queen-mother, Mary of Guise. 

 He received in 1548, from King Henry II. of 

 France, a grant of the duchy or Chateiherault. 

 His eldest son, the Earl of Arran, was proposed 

 at one time as the husband of Queen Alary of 

 Scotland, and at another time as the husband of 

 Queen Elizabeth of England. He was afflicted with 

 madness in 1562, and never recovered his reason, 

 although he lived till 1609. His father, the first 

 Duke of Chateiherault, dying in 1575, the second son, 

 Lord John Hamilton, commendator of Arbroath, 

 became virtual head of the house, and as such was 

 in 1599 created Marquis of Hamilton. He died in 

 1604, being succeeded by bis son James, the second 

 marquis, who in 1619 was created Earl of Cam- 

 bridge in England, and died in 1625. His eldest 

 sou, James, the third marquis, led an army of 

 6000 men to the support of King Gustavus 

 Adolphus of Sweden in 1631-32, and later acted a 

 conspicuous part in the great contest between 

 King Charles I. and the Scottish Covenanters. 

 That king in 1643 created him Duke of Hamilton, 

 with remainder to the heirs-female of his body, in the 

 event of the death of himself and his brother with- 

 out male issue. In 1648 he led a Scottish army into 

 England for the king's relief, but was -encountered 

 and defeated by Cromwell at Preston, in Lanca- 

 shire, and, ultimately forced to surrender to the 

 parliamentary forces, was beheaded at Westminster 

 in March 1649. He was succeeded by his brother 

 William who in 1639 had been created Earl of 

 Lanark, and died in 1651 of the wounds which he 

 had received at the battle of Worcester. The duchy 

 of Hamilton now devolved on the eldest daughter of 

 the first duke, Lady Anne, whose husband, Lord 

 William Douglas, Earl of Selkirk, was in 1660 

 created Duke of Hamilton for life. He died in ll>'.4. 

 and in 1698 the Duchess Anne, who survived till 

 1716, resigned her titles in the king's hands in favour 

 of her eldest son, James, Earl of Arran, who was 

 anew created Duke of Hamilton, with the pre- 

 cedency of 1643. In 1711 he was created Duke of 

 Brandon in England, but the House of Lords 

 refused him a seat or vote in parliament, on the 

 ground that the crown was disabled by the Act of 

 Union from granting a peerage of Great Britain to 

 any person who was a peer of Scotland before the 

 Union. The duke was killed in a duel in Hyde 

 Park with Lord Mohun in 1712. His grandson, 

 James, the sixth duke, who married the famous 

 beauty, Elizabeth Gunning, was succeeded in 1758 

 by his eldest son, James George, an infant of thrf'e 

 years old. On the death of the Duke of Doughu 



