HAMI'DKN 



aH interpreter at Constantinople, afterwards be- 

 coming a court councillor at Vienna. Ha was en- 

 nobled in 1835 on succeeding by Inheritance to the 



St\ riiin estates of tin- Coiilite-vs \nn I'mx-tall, the 

 last of her LI.'--. ll<- died at Vienna, 23d November 

 1856. Hi> had a wide but rather Buprrlioial know- 

 li'dgfof Turkish, Arabir, PeniftO, MM other eastern 

 languages, and his in<lustry and zeal did much to 

 push forward the gtxxl work of opening up the 

 Bait to the West. Of his I>ook8 may be named, 

 in the region of history, Geschit-hte der Assassinen 

 ( 1818) ; Geschichte des Osman. Reichs (2d ed. 1834- 

 36) ; Gemaldesaal Moslim. //err*fl/ier( 1837-39) ; Ge- 

 schichte der Ilchanl (1843); Gesch. der Chane der 

 Ki-im (1856); in that of literary history, Gesch. 

 der schiiHfit AV< /</,<///*// 1',-r.sn /(. ( ISIS) ; (iescli. der 

 Osman. Dichtkttnst (1836-38); Litteraturgeschiclite 

 ifi-r Araber (1850-57). See Schlottmann's Life 

 <1857). 



Hammersmith, a parliamentary borough 

 (since 1885) of Middlesex, is situated on the 

 Thames. A suspension bridge was opened here in 

 1827, and a new one by Prince Albert Victor in 

 June 1887. The borough returns one member to 

 parliament. Formerly a detached village, Hammer- 

 smith is now a large town, and forms part of West 

 London. 



Hammock (Spanish hamaca, a West Indian 

 word ), the apparatus in which a sailor slings his l>ed. 

 A sailor's hammock consists of a piece of hempen 

 cloth or of strong netting, about 6 feet long and 3 in 

 width, gathered together at each end, and hung 

 to hooks under the deck. Hammocks of netting 

 are often swung from trees in parks and gardens 

 AS a pleasant place for idling in fine weather. 



Hammond, HENRY, English divine and con- 

 troversial writer, was born at Chertsey, Surrey, 

 August 18, 1605, and educated at Eton, and 

 Magdalen College, Oxford. In 1633 he was pre- 

 sented to the rectory of Penshurst, in Kent, and 

 leu years later was made archdeacon of Chichester. 

 But his loyal adhesion to the cause of Charles I. 

 cost him his living ; yet he officiated as chaplain to 

 tin- king till his attendants were dismissed m 1647. 

 Hammond then returned to Oxford, and was 

 chosen sul) dean of Christcliurch. Deprived by the 

 parliamentary commissioners in 1648, he shortly 

 after retired to Westwood in Worcestershire, where 

 lie died April 25, 1660. His celebrated work, the 

 ]'iirit/i/ir<M and Annotations on the New Testament, 

 was published in 1653 (new ed. 4 vols. 1845). His 

 collected works with biography were published in 

 4 vols. 1674-84. His Paricnesis was edited by 

 Manning in 1841. The Sermons were reprinted in 

 1851, the Minor Theological Works in 1849, both 

 in the Oxford Library of Anglo-Catholic Theology. 

 Bishop Fell's Life ( 1661 ) is reprinted in Words- 

 worth s Eccles. Biog. , vol. iv. 



llamoaze. See PLYMOUTH. 



II. -i in oo n. See SEISTAN (LAKE OF). 



llaiii|Mlcn. .l"iiN, English statesman and 

 patriot, was the eldest son of William Hampden of 

 Hamixlfii, in Buckingham, by Elizabeth, second 

 daughter of Sir Henry Cromwell of Hinchinbrooke, 

 Huntingdonshire, and aunt of Oliver Cromwell. 

 He was born, it is telieved, in London, in 1594. 

 He received his early education at the gram- 

 mar-school of Thame, and proceeded in 1609 to 

 Magdalen College, Oxford. Four years later he 

 became a student of the Inner Temple, London. 

 But liis father's <lcath, when he was only three years 

 of age, had left him the master of a considerable 

 estate, and he does not appear to have practised as 

 a barrister. In 1619 he married Elizabeth Symeon, 

 a lady to whom he was much attached ; * ' on a 

 sudden,' according to Clarendon, 'from a lift- of 



great pleasure and licence, he retired to extraordin- 

 ary soiiriety and strictness, to a more reserved and 

 melancholy society.' But, although he became in 

 all essentials a Puritan, he never ceased to be a 

 polished country gentleman. In January 1621 he 

 entered parliament as member for the borough of 

 Qrampoond, a seat which he subsequently ex- 

 changed for Wendover, and at once entered the 

 ranks of the parliamentary opposition, of which the 

 recognised leaders were Pym, Eliot, Oliver St John, 

 and Coke. Although he was no orator it i 

 believed that in the first five parliaments in which 

 he sat he never opened his mouth his judgment, 

 veracity, and high character secured for him a 

 leading position in the ranks of hU party. In 1626 

 he helped to prepare the charges against Bucking- 

 ham ; the following year, having refused to pay the 

 proportion of the general loan which Charles at- 

 tempted to raise on his own authority, he was con- 

 fined in the Gatehouse and subsequently in Hamp- 

 shire, to be released on Charles finding it necessary 

 to summon a new parliament. His leading political 

 associates were Pym, whom he regarded as his 

 leader in the House of Commons, and Sir John 

 Eliot, who was his personal friend, and after the 

 interests of whose children he looked at the time 

 that their father was in prison. When Charles 

 dissolved parliament in 1629, Hampden retired to 

 his seat in Buckinghamshire, and gave himself up 

 to the pleasures and duties of a rural life, although 

 he neglected neither his friends, his country, nor 

 his favourite political studies. In 1634 his wife, 

 who had borne him nine children, died. The same 

 year Charles resorted to the impost of ship-money, 

 as an evidence of the right which he claimed to tax 

 the country in any M T ay he chose, and although he 

 confined its incidence at first to London and the 

 maritime towns, in 1636 he extended it to inland 

 places. Hampden refused to pay his share of the 

 impost, and in 1637 he was prosecuted before the 

 Court of Exchequer for non-payment. Seven of the 

 twelve judges sided against him, but, as Mr S. K. 

 Gardiner has said, 'the connection between the 

 rights of property and the parliamentary system was 

 firmly established.' The prosecution also made 

 Hampden the most popular man not only in the 

 ranks of the parliamentary opposition but in Eng- 

 land a position which he never lost, although he 

 still played a secondary part to Pym in the House- 

 of Commons. He was a member lx>th of the Short 

 Parliament, which opposed Charles and Strafford in 

 connection with the war with Scotland, and of the 

 much more memorable Long Parliament, for which 

 he was returned by the electors both of Wendover 

 and of Buckinghamshire, although he elected to sit 

 for the county. He had indeed not a little to do 

 with giving this remarkable body its character, as 

 before the election took place he rode from county 

 to county exhorting the electors to give their votes 

 to men worthy of tlieir confidence. 



Hampden at once took a foremost place in the 

 new House. 'The eyes of all men were fixed upon 

 him,' says Clarendon, 'as their patrice pater, and 

 the pilot that must steer the vessel through the 

 tempests and rocks which threatened it." He took 

 part in almost all the leading transactions of the 

 Long Parliament, especially in the action which 

 ended in the death of Strafford, although he seems 

 to have l>een of opinion that proceeding by bill was 

 unnecessary, and that the better course would have 

 been to obtain judgment on the impeachment Had 

 the abortive negotiations lietween Charles and the 

 leaders of the opposition come to anything, it is 

 understood that the post of tutor to the Prince 

 of Wales would have been offered to Hampden. 

 Still he had never any faith in the king, and 

 when, through the formation of a party of constitu- 

 tional royalists in the Commons itself with Lord 



