536 



HAMPDEN 



HAMPSHIRE 



Falkland at its head, it seemed not impossible that 

 Charles would be able to crush the liberties of his 

 country, Hampden, like his relative Cromwell, 

 meditated self-exile to New England, not for the 

 first time in the course of his public life. In the 

 debate on the address to the king, known as the 

 Grand Remonstrance, it was the calmness of 

 Hampden which prevented the two parties in the 

 House from fighting on its floor. He was one of the 

 five members, Charles's attempt to seize whom, 

 when engaged in the discharge of their parlia- 

 mentary duties on January 4, 1642, precipitated 

 the Civil War. 



When hostilities broke out, Hampden subscribed 

 2000 to the public service, took a colonel's com- 

 mission in the parliamentary army, and raised a 

 regiment of infantry in his own county of Bucking- 

 ham. He attended to his military as to his parlia- 

 mentary duties with energy and promptitude, and 

 on various occasions, as at the battle of Edgehill 

 and the assault and capture of Heading, he exhibited 

 both personal bravery and generalship. He was, 

 however, placed under Essex, and although he pro- 

 tested against his chief's hesitation, he was powerless 

 to avert its consequences. He heartily approved of, 

 and to a certain extent anticipated, the suggestions 

 made by Cromwell which ultimately resulted in 

 the conversion of the parliamentary forces, under 

 the designation of the 'new model,' into an invin- 

 cible army. On the 18th June 1643, while endeav- 

 ouring, on Chalgrove Field, near Thame, to check 

 a marauding force under the command of Prince 

 Rupert, he was struck in the shoulder by two balls. 

 He was able to reach Thame, and there he lingered 

 till the 24th. Hampden has left behind him the 

 reputation of being the most moderate, tactical, 

 urbane, and single- minded of the leaders of the 

 Long Parliament, while inferior to none in resolu- 

 tion or sincerity. He showed before his death 

 such capacity both as a statesman and a soldier 

 as to justify Macaulay in predicting that if he 

 had lived he would have been the Washington of 

 England. 



The standard biography of Hampden is Lord Nugent's 

 Memorials of Hampden (1831). Among the numerous 

 works in which lie forms a prominent figure are Claren- 

 don's History of the Rebellion (1702-4) ; S. R. Gardiner's 

 History of Euyland and History of the Great Civil War 

 (1883-89); and John Forster's Arrest of the Five Mem- 

 bers (1860) and Sir John Eliot (2d ed. 1871). See also 

 CHILTERX HILLS ; and for reasons for rejecting the com- 

 monly accepted account of his death, see two letters by 

 C. H. Firth in the Academy, November 2-9, 1889. 



Hampden, RENN DICKSON, theologian and 

 bishop, was born in Barbadoes in 1793, studied at 

 Oriel College, Oxford, taking a double first in 

 1813, and becoming in due course Fellow and tutor 

 of his college. In 1832 his famous Bam pton lectures 

 on the Scholastic Philosophy considered in its Rela- 

 tion to Christian Theology were by great part of the 

 church considered grievously heretical, and raised 

 a controversy that threatened to break up the 

 Church of England. His successive appointments 

 to the principalship of St Mary's Hall (1833), the 

 chairs of Moral Philosophy (1834) and of Divinity 

 (1836), were denounced alike by the Evangelical 

 and High Church parties, and his elevation to the 

 see of Hereford in 1847 was by them regarded as a 

 death-blow to Trinitarian religion. Yet Bishop 

 Hampden 's works may now be regarded as innocent 

 and edifying. After an episcopate of studious 

 quiet, he died at London, 23d April 1868. Of 

 his books may be named his Work of Christ and 

 the Spirit (1847), Lectures on Moral Philosophy 

 (1856), and Fathers of Greek Philosophy (1862). 

 See H. Hampden's Some Memorials ( 1871 ), and, 

 for the Hampden controversy, Stanley's Life of 

 Arnold. 



Hampole, RICHARD ROLLE, known as the 

 Hermit of Hampole, was born about 1290 at 

 Thornton in Yorkshire. Sent to Oxford by Neville, 

 archdeacon of Durham, he made great progress in his 

 studies, and at nineteen assumed a hermit's dress, 

 and gave his life entirely to the austerities of religion 

 and to writing, down to his death in 1349, when he 

 was buried in the Cistercian nunnery of Hampole 

 near Doncaster. He wrote religious books both in 

 Latin and in English, and rendered the Psalms into' 

 English prose. His great work is The Pricke of 

 Conscience (Stimulus Conscientice), a poem written 

 both in English and Latin. The English version 

 contains 9624 lines on the instability of life, death, 

 purgatory, doomsday, the pains of hell, and the 

 joys of heaven. It was edited by Dr Richard 

 Morris in 1863 for the Philological Society. A 

 small collection of Hampole's prose pieces was edited 

 by the Rev. G. G. Perry for the Early English Text 

 Society in 1866. See also the papers by J. Ullmann 

 in vol. vii., and G. Kribel in vol. viii., of Englische 

 Studien, and Horstmann's monograph (1895). 



Hampshire, HANTS, or, officially, the county 

 of SOUTHAMPTON, a maritime county in the south 

 of England, is bounded W. by Dorset and Wilts, 

 N. by Berks, E. by Surrey and Sussex, and S. by 

 the English Channel. The county, including the 

 Isle of Wight, has an area of 1621 sq. rn., or 

 1,037,764 acres, 700,000 of which are generally 

 under culture. Pop. ( 1801 ) 219.290; ( 1841 ) 354,682; 

 (1861) 481,815; (1881) 593,465; (1891) 690,086. 

 The surface is diversified by the North and South 

 Downs, the loftiest points being Sidown Hill (940 

 feet), and, on the Berkshire border, Inkpen Beacon 

 (1011 feet), the highest chalk-down in England. 

 The south-western portion of the county, almost 

 wholly detached from the main portion by the South- 

 ampton Water, is occupied mainly by the New 

 Forest, 92,365 acres in extent, the property of the 

 crown. In the south-east and east there are remains* 

 of the forests of Bere, Woolmer, and Waltham 

 Chace. The principal rivers are the Test, the 

 Itchen, and the Avon, all flowing southward ; the 

 last named forms the western boundary of the New 

 Forest. The climate of the county is in general 

 mild, and favourable to vegetation ; indeed, in the 

 south of the Isle of Wight it is believed to be milder 

 than in any other portion of Great Britain. All the 

 usual crops are produced, the wheat being especi- 

 ally good as a rule ; hops are cultivated ; and the 

 bacon cured here is famous. The Downs afford 

 pasturage for an excellent breed of sheep. Honey 

 is a speciality of the cinmty. The manufactures 

 are inconsiderable, except at Portsmouth and 

 Gosport. Southampton and Portsmouth, both 

 termini of important railways, are the chief centres 

 of trade. The county, exclusive of the parlia- 

 mentary boroughs of Portsmouth, Southampton, 

 Winchester, and Christchurch, and the Isle of 

 Wight, returns five members for its five divisions 

 North or Basingstoke, W T est or Andover, East or 

 Peterslield, South or Fareham, and New Forest. 

 The county council consists of 100 members. 

 Hampshire is wholly in the diocese of Winchester. 

 Towns other than the four boroughs are Alder- 

 shot, Alton, Andover, Basingstoke, Bishops Wal- 

 tham, Bournemouth, Fareham, Gosport, Havant, 

 Lymington, Petersfield, Ringwood, Romsey, and 

 Titchfield. The chief edifices in the county possess- 

 ing historical or architectural interest are those at 

 Winchester (q.v.) ; Porchester Castle, at the head 

 of Portsmouth Harbour ; Carisbrooke Castle in 

 the Isle of Wight ; Calshot and Hurst Castles, 

 now occupied as coastguard stations, erected in 

 the time of Henry VIII. ; Netley and Beaulieu 

 Abbeys, and the Priory of St Denis, all in the 

 neigh bourhood of Southampton. Hampshire is 

 exceedingly rich in Roman remains. Among 



