HAMI'SHIKi: HASIN 



HA.MVI'MK 



537 



. shire V* wort hirs have been .lane Austen, 

 Walter Kesant, Charles Dickens, \Villinin Gilpin, 

 Kel.le, Kingslev, Archbishop Warham, CiliM-rt 

 \\lute, WiUiiun of W\keham, and Edward 

 Young. See l.si. K OK WIGHT, NKW FOKKST; and the 

 histories 1,\ \\.Midwunl (1801 -69) and Shore ( 1892). 



Hampshire Ilasin. See EOCENE SYSTEM. 



llampsicad, a parliamentary trough of 

 Mi, Ml. -.-\, is lineU situated <m a range of hills 4 

 mill-- N \V. of London. It was formerly famous for 

 its medicinal springs, and is still a favourite place 

 ui' residence and of holiday resort among Lon- 

 doners, who am attracted to it Iry the beauty of 

 its situation and the purity of its air. On the 

 summit of the hill (430 feet), alove the village, 

 is the Heath, which affords extensive and pleasant 

 pros]ct8 of the .surround ing country. A house 

 on the Heath, formerly called the Upper Flask 

 Inn, and now a private residence, was at one 

 time the place of resort of the famous Kit-Cat 

 Club, at which Steele, Addison, Uichanlson, 

 Walpole, and others used to assemble. Hamp- 

 steau is associated with many names in literature 

 and art, as those of Pope. (Jay, Johnson, Akenside, 

 Joanna Uaillie, Byron, Constable, Romney, Cole- 

 ridge, Keats, Shelley, Leigh Hunt, and Landseer. 

 The borough returns one member. Pop. 68,425. 

 See Ilowiti's X art hern Heights of London ( 1869), 

 and works by Lobley (1889) and Baines (1890). 



Hamilton* a village of Middlesex, on the 

 Thames, 15 miles S\V. of London. In the vicinity 

 are manv fine mansions and beautiful villas, in- 

 cluding (jarrick's villa. Pop. 4776. 



HAMILTON COURT PALACE, long a royal residence, 

 and now partially occupied by persons of good 

 family in reduced circumstances, stands about a 

 mile from the village in the midst of grounds that 

 extend to the Thames. The original palace was 

 erected by Cardinal Wolsey, and by him presented 

 ( 1526) to Henry VIII., who enlarged it and formed 

 around it a royal deer-park. Here Edward VI. was 

 born, his mother, Queen Jane Seymour, died, and 

 Charles I. underwent a portion of his confinement. 

 Mere too was held in 1604 the famous conference 

 between the bishops and the Presbyterians. It 

 continued to be a royal residence down to the time 

 of George II. A considerable portion of it was 

 rebuilt by William III., from designs by Wren, 

 and he also laid out the park and gardens in the 

 formal Dutch style. The picture-gallery contains 

 several Italian works, Lely's Beauties of the Court 

 of Charles II., and valuable specimens of Holbein, 

 Kneller, West, &c. The cartoons by Raphael 

 h.ive been removed to the South Kensington 

 .Museum. The gardens present a series of raised 

 terraces, formal Hower-plots, and long and shady 

 arcades, and have among other attractions a ' maze ' 

 or Labyrinth ( q.v. ). Damage, estimated at 20,000, 

 u.i- caused by lire in November 1886. See Ernest 

 Law, Jf a m/if an Court in Tiittitr, Mmirt, Orange, 

 and Guelph Times (3 vols. 1885-91 ). 



HAMPTON COURT CONFERENCE, a conference 

 which took place at Hampton Court shortly after 

 the accession of James I. to the throne of England, 

 in order to the settlement of ecclesiastical disputes. 

 Of the divines summoned the representatives of 

 the High Church party were more numerous than 

 the Puritans ; the Puritans were among the least 

 extreme of their party. Archbishop Whitgift, with 

 eight bishops, six deans, and an archdeacon, 

 appeared on the High Church side; two Oxford 

 professors of divinity, two divines from Cam- 

 bridge, and along with them Patrick Galloway, 

 minister of Perth, maintained the Puritan cause. 

 On the king's accession the Puritans, entertain- 

 ing great hopes of release from the rigid enforce- 

 ment of ceremonies which galled their consciences, 



and of the reformation of ahiuuw in the church, 

 had addressed a petition to the king, known a* 

 the Miflenni;/ 7V/////,//, leraue it wan higncd 

 by nearly one thousand ministers in all parto of 

 the country. But the king's intention wot* not 

 to comply with their wishes, and the Hamilton 

 Court Conference seems to have IM^-II merely a 

 device for making it appear that their demands had 

 been eonsidered and found unreasonable. On the 

 lirst day of the conference ( 12th January 1W)4) the 

 High Church representatives alone were udmitted 

 to the presence of the king, who demanded their 

 opinion, which they gave on the third day after, 

 in favour of the existing system in all the parts 

 complained of. On the 16th of January the 

 Puritans were called to the king's presence, but 

 along with them some of their opponents, when 

 James debated keenly against the Puritans, and, 

 according to his own account of the matter, 

 ' peppered them soundlv.' On the 18th of January 

 both parties were called in, and the royal judgment 

 intimated, which was afterwards announced^ in a 

 proclamation very adverse to the Puritans. See S. 

 H. Gardiner's History of England. 



Hampton* a town and bathing resort of 

 Virginia, giving name to Hampton Roads. & 

 channel between Chesapeake Bay and the estuary 

 of James River. The town contains a normal 

 institute for coloured pupils. The channel, which 

 is defended by Fortress Monroe, was the scene of 

 several naval actions during the civil war. Pop. 

 (1900) 3441. 



Hampton* WADE, an American soldier, was 

 born in South Carolina in 1754, served in the 

 revolutionary war under Marion and Sumter, was 

 twice elected to congress, and in 1809 became 

 brigadier-general. In 1813, now a major-general, 

 he made an unsuccessful attempt to invade Canada. 

 He afterwards became wealthy by land specula- 

 tions, and at his death in 1835 was said to own 

 3000 slaves. His grandson, WADE, born in Colum- 

 bia in 1818, was a state senator when the civil war 

 began. He raised a force of infantry, cavalry, 

 and artillery, known as ' Hampton's Legion,' and 

 served at Bull Run and in the Peninsular cam- 

 paign. As brigadier-general, he commanded a 

 cavalry force in the Maryland and Pennsylvania 

 campaigns in 1862-b3, and was severely wounded at 

 Gettysburg. He received the command of Lee'a 

 cavalry in 1864, with the rank of lieutenant- 

 general ; and in 1865 he served in South Carolina 

 against Sherman. He was elected governor of his 

 state in 1876, and United States senator in 1878 

 and 1884. 



Hamster ( Cricetns ), a genus of rodent mammals 

 of the family Murido*, characterised by a stoutish 

 body, short legs and tail, cheek-pouches reaching 

 back almost to the shoulders, five toes on the 

 hind-foot and four toes and a thumb-wart on the 

 fore-foot. Two incisor teeth are present in each 

 jaw (as usual in rodents), the upper ones yellow 

 and undivided ; there are three molar teeth on 

 either side in each jaw, which have true roots, the 

 foremost the largest. The stomach has two divi- 

 sions, and there is a large ca-cum. There are nine 

 species, of which the most important is the Common 

 Hamster (Cricetits milgaris), distributed from the 

 Rhine to the middle of Siberia, and from 60 N. 

 lat. to the Caucasus. It is about 1 foot in length 

 (2 inches being occupied by the tail, which is 

 slightly hairy): yellowish - gray above, black 

 below, with several yellowish- white patches on 

 the side, and with white feet. It breeds twice in 

 the year, and from four to sixteen young are pro- 

 duced each time, which are l>orn blind. The males 

 especially are very pugnacious, and will defend 

 themselves courageously to the last gasp. During 



