HARQUEBUS 



IIAIMMS 



569 



u somewhat larger than tin- golden eagle (measur- 

 ing .'IK inches in length as against 32), and its beak 

 Hinl talons are exceptionally large, giving it a 

 ferocious aspect; but its wings are comparatively 

 short, Mnl its Might, for a hawk, is slow and heavy. 

 Its colour on the back and Miles of the neck, on the 

 bock and on the wings, is Mack; the head gray; 

 the front of the neck, breast, and Kelly white; the 

 t;iil Mark and gray above, Mark and white in 

 traii^v rr-e bands below. Around the eyes the 

 feather-* are disposed in a radiating fashion, and 

 form a crest on the back of it* head, increasing the 

 ferority of its aspect. It inhabits the tropical 

 regions of South America. 



Harquebus. See ARQUEBUS. 



llarrar. See HAKAK. 



Harrier, a breed of dog used to hunt the hare 

 by scent. The harrier probably owes its origin to the 

 foxhound, though in some packs the strain has been 

 kept pure for many generations. In appearance 

 tlie harrier closely resembles the foxhound both in 

 shape and colour, but is on a considerably smaller 

 scale. The harrier, though deficient in speed, is 

 able to hunt a much colder scent than the fox- 

 hound. They hunt in packs ; and the sport forms 

 an element in English country life similar to fox- 

 hunting. 



Harrier (Circus), a genus of non-arboreal 

 Falconidw, of slender build, with a somewhat weak, 

 unnotched bill, with soft plumage and a slightly 

 owl-like ruff on the face, with long legs and wings, 

 and a characteristic gliding flight along the ground. 



Hen-harrier ( Circus cyaneus). 



They live in the open country, are fond of marshy 

 districts, and dexterously catch frogs, birds, and 

 small mammals. The females are usually larger 

 and darker than the males ; the young are like 

 the mother-birds ; the nest is almost always on 

 the ground, and the eggs (3 to 5) are white or 

 blotched. The British species of harrier are ( 1 ) the 

 Hen-harrier (C. cyaneus), almost exterminated in 

 England, but still not uncommon in some parts of 

 Scotland; (2) the Marsh-harrier or Moor-bux/ard 

 (C. ceruginosus), all but exterminated throughout 

 Britain; and (3) Montagu's Harrier ( ( '. ////</.%(//% i, 

 never more than an occasional visitor. The 

 marsh-harrier is abundant in many parts of North 

 America. 



Harriers. See ATHLETIC SPORTS. 



Harrington, JAMES, author of the Occana, a 

 celebrated work, half romance, half treatise on 

 political philosophy, written for the purpose of set- 

 ting forth the l>est form of government for a com- 

 monwealth. The son of Sir S. Harrington of 

 Exton, in Rutlandshire, he was born in January 



1611, studied at Oxford under Chillingworth, and 

 then spent -nine \ .-ai> tin the < 'ontim-nt. In lOlli. 

 although a republican by conviction, Harrington 

 was appointed one of the perHonal attendant- uf 

 Charles I., and on the king's execution .MT..IH 

 panied him to the scailold. It wan after this event 

 that the Oi-iiinii was written ; it was published in 

 1656. The salient points of the political doctrines 

 therein expounded are thee : the real bat-is of 

 power is projwrty, especially landed property ; 

 accordingly landed property should be distributed 

 and held in such a way that no one person should 

 derive from it more than a fixed amount of rev- 

 enue ; the rulers of the commonwealth should be 

 changed every three years, their places being taken 

 by others, elected by ballot. After the Restora- 

 tion Harrington was arrested for alleged con- 

 spiracy, and during a severe imprisonment lost his 

 reason. He died at Westminster, 1 1th September 

 1677. His writings, consisting, besides the Oceana, 

 principally of essays, &c. in defence of his maynt/m 

 onus, were first edited by Toland in 1700. The 

 tin-linn was reprinted by Henry Morley in 1887. 



Harrington, SIR JOHN, born in 1561 at his 

 father's seat of Kelston, near Bath, studied at Eton 

 and Christ's College, Cambridge, and afterwards 

 was attached to the court of Queen Elizabeth, who 

 had been his god-mother. His wit brought him 

 into much favour, which he endangered by the 

 freedom and the political allusions of his satires. 

 In 1599 he served under Essex in Ireland, and was 

 knighted by him on the field, much to the queen's 

 displeasure. To fortify his application to King 

 James for the office of Chancellor-archbishop or 

 Ireland he composed, in 1605, A Short View of the 

 State of Ireland, a most interesting and singularly 

 modern essay (first edited by Rev. W. Dunn 

 Macray, 1880). He died of dropsy in Deceml)er 



1612. He is now remembered chiefly as the trans- 

 lator of Ariosto's Orlando Furioso ( 1591 ) into 

 English verse. His other writings were some 

 Rabelaisian pamphlets, a number of fair epi- 

 grams, and A Brief View of the State of the Church, 

 written for the Pnnce of Wales. 



Harris, in the Hebrides, comprises the southern 

 portion of the island of Lewis and a number of 

 adjacent islets. Pop. 4514. See LEWIS. 



Harris, How EL, one of the fathers and 

 founders of Welsh CalvinLstic Methodism, was 

 born in 1714 at Trevecca, in the county of Brecon. 

 His mind was first seriously awakened to religious 

 questions in 1735, and for seventeen years from 

 that date he spent his time as a lay itinerant 

 preacher, but confined his ministrations for the 

 most part to Wales (see METHODISTS). After his 

 retirement to Trevecca in 1752 he still continued 

 to preach daily at his own home ; and in order to 

 accommodate those who came to hear him he built 

 a large house, the inmates of which led a kind 

 of monastic life. Harris died on 21st July 1773. 

 See his Autobiography (1791) and W. Williams, 

 Welsh Calvinistic Methodism ( 1872). 



Harris, JAMES, a pre-scientific philologist, was 

 born at Salisbury, July 20, 1709. His mother was 

 a sister of the third 'Earl of Shaftesbury, author 

 of the C/innn-frr/xfics. He had his education in 

 hi* native city and at Wadham College, Oxford, 

 whence he passed to the study of law at Lincoln's 

 Inn. Finding himself at twenty-four on his father's 

 death master of an ample fortune, he devoted him- 

 self to the assiduous study of the classics, but in 

 1761 he entered parliament, and later became Lord 

 of the Admiralty, of the Treasury, and secretary 

 and comptroller to Queen Charlotte. In 1744 he 

 published a volume consisting of three treat i-es 

 on art, on music, painting, and poetry, and on 

 happiness ; and in 1751 his famous Hermes, an 



