570 



HARRIS 



interesting but scarce profitable inquiry into the 

 philosophical basis of universal grammar. His 

 incomplete Philosophical Arrangements, a study of 

 the Aristotelian logic, was issued in 1775 ; and his 

 Philological Inquiries on style and the true canons 

 of literary criticism, in three parts the last written 

 in French (1780-89). He died in December 1780. 

 Harris's works were collected, with a short life, by 

 his son, the first Earl of Malmesbury (2 vols. 4to, 

 1801 ; 5 vols. 8vo, 1803). 



Harris, JOEL CHANDLER, an American author, 

 was born in Eatonton, Georgia, 8th December 1848, 

 and was in turn printer, lawyer, and journalist. 

 His delightfully original and unexpected book, 

 Uncle Remus, his Songs and his Sayings : the Folk- 

 lore of the Old Plantation (New York, 1880), 

 quickly carried his name even to the Old World, 

 at once to children and to scientific students of 

 folklore. Later works are Nights with Uncle Remus 

 (Boston, 1883), Mingo and Other Sketches (1883), 

 and Daddy Jake the Runaway, and Short Stories 

 (1889). 



Harris, THOMAS LAKE, founder of the 

 'Brotherhood of the New Life,' was born at 

 Fenny Stratford, in Buckinghamshire, 15th May 

 1823, accompanied his father to America, and had 

 in turn been a Universalist pastor, and founded an 

 ' Independent Christian Society,' when in 1850 he 

 was drawn into the spiritualistic movement. He 

 lectured in Great Britain in 1858, and on his return 

 to America reorganised his society as the ' Brother- 

 hood of the New Life. ' Property was not held in 

 common, and farming and industrial occupations 

 were engaged in by his followers, numbering at one 

 time about 2000 in America and Great Britain, 

 amongst them Lady Oliphant and her son Laurence 

 Oliphant. Harris was again in Europe in 1866. 

 Latterly he settled in California. His community 

 had no written creed or form of government. 

 Harris acted as the inspired head of the brother- 

 hood, his system combining the doctrines of Sweden- 

 borg and of Fourier, while maintaining the author- 

 ity of the Scriptures and the sacredness of the 

 marriage tie. He also taught that God is two-in- 

 one, infinite in fatherhood and motherhood, and 

 that all who become angels find their counterpart 

 in sex, and are two-in-one to all eternity. Harris 

 has published many works in prose and poetry, 

 amongst which are Wisdom of Angels (1856); 

 Arcana of Christianity (1857); Modern Spiritual- 

 ism (1860), &c. The influence of the teaching of 

 Harris may be traced in Laurence Oliphant's Sym- 

 pneumata (1885) and his Scientific Religion (1888) ; 

 as also in Pulsford's Morgenrothe ( 1881 ). See 

 William Oxley's Modern Messiahs and Wonder- 

 workers (1889). 



Harrisblirg, the capital of Pennsylvania, is 

 situated in the midst of beautiful scenery on the 

 left bank of the Susquehanna River, which is here 

 crossed by several long bridges, 106 miles W. by 

 N. of Philadelphia. It contains the capitol, a 

 court-house, the state arsenal, the state insane 

 asylum, and a Roman Catholic cathedral and 

 some forty other churches. The state library has 

 some 60,000 volumes. The city has a number of 

 blast-furnaces and rolling-mills, and large manu- 

 factures of steel and iron, including boilers, 

 machinery, nails, and files ; cotton goods, flour, 

 bricks, shoes, brooms, &c. are also produced, and 

 there is a large trade in lumber. Founded in 

 1785, Harrisburg became the state capital in 1812. 

 Pop. ( 1880) 30,762 ; ( 1890) 39,385 ; ( 1900) 50,167. 



Harrison, a town of New Jersey, on the Pas- 

 saic, opposite Newark, with which it is connected 

 by a bridge. It has manufactures of oil-cloth and 

 enamelled cloth, wire, thread, &c. Pop. (1880) 

 6898; (1890) 8338. 



Copyright 1891, 1897, aud 

 1900 in the U. S. by J. B. 

 Lippincott Company. 



HARRISON 



Harrison, BENJAMIN, a Union general, the 

 twenty-third president of the United States, was 

 born at North Bend, Ohio, Au- 

 gust 20, 1833. His father, the 

 third son of President William 

 Henry Harrison, was a small farmer, Avho, however, 

 managed to educate his nine children ; and Harri- 

 son, after two years at a school called Farmer's 

 College, near Cincinnati, was transferred to Miami 

 University, at Oxford, Ohio, where he graduated 

 in 1852. In 1854 he settled as a lawyer in Indian- 

 apolis, where his first earnings were as a crier of 

 the Federal court. In a short time he was in 

 full practice in all the courts. In 1860 he became 

 candidate for supreme court reporter of Indiana, 

 by nomination of the Republican party, and was 

 elected. Entering the Union army pending the 

 term, the office was declared vacant. In 1864 his 

 party re-elected him with a largely increased 

 majority. He remained in military service, how- 

 ever, and only resumed the reportership upon 

 muster-out at the end of the war. He began his 

 military career in 1862 by raising a company, 

 in which his first commission was of second- 

 lieutenant. He was then made colonel of the 70th 

 Regiment Indiana Volunteers, and ordered to Ken- 

 tucky. Carrying his studious habits into camp, he 

 became a proficient drill-master. As colonel, some- 

 times brigade-commander, in the first division llth 

 Army Corps, he participated in Sherman's Atlanta 

 campaign, distinguishing himself in the battles of 

 Resaca and Peach Tree Creek, and he was in 1865 

 commissioned brevet-brigadier-general. He also 

 took part in the battle of Nashville, under Thomas, 

 in December 1864. 



Returning to the law in Indiana, Harrison de- 

 clined a third nomination as supreme court reporter. 

 He took an active part in the Grant campaigns 

 of 1868 and 1872, and was nominated for the 

 governorship of the state in 1876 ; but, though he 

 polled 2000 votes more than the rest of his party, 

 he was defeated. Two years later he presided over 

 the State Convention, and in 1880 he appeared in 

 the Chicago National Convention as chairman of 

 his state delegation. He then declined the use of 

 his name for the presidential nomination ; and he 

 afterwards also declined a seat in the cabinet of 

 President Garfield. In 1884 he was .again delegate- 

 at-large, and was discussed as a possible nominee 

 for the presidency. In 1880 he was elected United 

 States senator from Indiana ; but at the end of his 

 term of six years he was defeated for re-election, 

 and returned to his law office. In 1888 Harrison 

 received the presidential nomination and was elected 

 over President Cleveland, the Democratic nominee, 

 his election signifying the triumph of protection 

 over free trade. In 1892 he was defeated for re- 

 election by Mr Cleveland. He was chief counsel for 

 Venezuela in the boundary controversy with British 

 Guiana, and was a delegate to the Peace Conference 

 ( 1899 ) at the Hague. He died March 13, 1901. See 

 the Life by Wallace (1888). 



Harrison, FREDERIC, was born in London, 

 October 18, 1831, and was educated at King's 

 College School, London, and Wadham College, 

 Oxford, taking a classical first-class in 1853. He 

 became Fellow and tutor of his college, but was 

 called to the bar in 1858, and thereafter practised 

 conveyancing and in the Courts of Equity. He sat 

 on the Royal Commission upon Trades-unions ( 1867- 

 69), served as secretary to that for the Digest of the 

 Law (1869-70), and from 1877 till 1889 was pro- 

 fessor of Jurisprudence and International Law at 

 Lincoln's Inn Hall. A Positivist in religion and 

 an advanced Liberal in politics, he has argued his 

 opinions in many vigorous and well-written articles 

 in the magazines and reviews, some of which have 

 been reprinted separately. Of his works the chief 



