574 



HARTINGTON 



HARTLEY 



marble, a state arsenal, a new post-office and 

 United States court-house ; and on the outskirts 

 are the new buildings of Trinity College ( Episcopal ), 

 which was founded on the present site of the capitol 

 in 1823 ( see GLENALMOND ). To the notable public 

 buildings, besides the Wadsworth Athenaeum and 

 the high school, must be added the substantial 

 offices of the many great insurance companies whose 

 headquarters are established here, as well as a 

 number of banks. Hartford contains a Congre- 

 gational theological seminary, a large hospital, 

 asylums for orphans, the deaf and dumb, and the 

 insane, and possesses several important libraries ; 

 it is the seat of a Roman Catholic bishop also, 

 and has two nunneries. There are extensive 

 manufactures of Colt's pistols, Gatling guns, 

 engines, boilers, and machines, hardware and 

 other metal goods, stoneware, and wooden wares. 

 There is also some publishing, and a very consider- 

 able trade in Connecticut tobacco. The site of a 

 Dutch fort in 1633, and of a colony of Massachusetts 

 settlers as early as 1635-36, Hartford was incor- 

 porated as a city in 1784, and lias been sole capital 

 of the state since 1873. It was the seat of the 

 Hartford Convention (q.v. ). See also CONNECTI- 

 CUT. In point of population the city stands second 

 to New Haven, which was once also a capital. Pop. 

 ( 1870) 37, 180 ; ( 1880 ) 42,015 ; ( 1890) 53,230 ; ( 1900) 

 79,850. See The River Toivns of Connecticut, by 

 Charles M. Andrews (Johns Hopkins University 

 Studies, 7th series, Baltimore, 1889). 



HARTFORD CONVENTION, in the political his- 

 tory of the United States, was an assemblage of 

 delegates from the New England States, at Hart- 

 ford, Cqnnecticut, December 15, 1814. This con- 

 vention was proposed by the Massachusetts legis- 

 lature. The war with Great Britain in 1812-14 

 had been from the first opposed by the majority of 

 the people of New England, who were Federalists, 

 and looked upon the war as a mere party measure 

 of the Democrats ; and in face of the destruction of 

 the commerce and the fisheries, the chief interests 

 of New England, this convention was called with 

 the ostensible object of devising means of security 

 and defence. It sat twenty days with closed doors, 

 and, as it was supposed to be of a treasonable 

 character, it was watched by a military officer of 

 the government. The convention prepared a report 

 recommending the adoption of measures by the state 

 legislatures that would protect their citizens from 

 conscriptions and impressments, and the militia 

 from forcible drafts ; the report also proposed 

 certain amendments to the federal constitution. 

 No treasonable act was committed, and no treason- 

 able intention proved ; yet the suspicion of dis- 

 loyal tendencies clung to the convention, and com- 

 pleted the ruin of the Federalist party, which did 

 not survive the election of 1816. Some ground for 

 the public suspicion was probably afforded by the 

 fact that a section of the Federalist leaders known 

 as the 'Essex Junto,' who had in 1804 and 1809 

 seriously discussed the question of dissolving the 

 Union and forming an Eastern confederacy, were 

 foremost in bringing the convention about ; and the 

 charge of aiming at a kingdom of New England 

 would therefore make no serious demand upon the 

 credulity of partisan opponents. Yet the conven- 

 tion included men of the highest public character, 

 who strenuously defended the pure purpose of its 

 patriotism, and the charges of treasonable designs 

 are now nearly universally regarded as baseless. 



Hartington, LORD. See CAVENDISH. 



Hartlepool, a municipal borough and seaport 

 in the county of Durham, is situated on a small 

 peninsula north of the estuary of the Tees, 12 

 miles NNE. of Stockton, and 18 ESE. of Durham. 

 It formerly attracted many visitors for sea- 



bathing during the summer months ; but, owing 

 to the formation of railways connecting it wita 

 the Durham coal-mines, it is no longer visited 

 for that purpose. Its ancient sea-fishing industry 

 is retained, and has recently extended in conse- 

 quence of the demand from Yorkshire. It is the 

 only borough in the county founded by royal charter 

 whose charter is extant. In the 13th century 

 Hartlepool belonged to the Braces of Annandale 

 in Scotland, progenitors of the royal family of that 

 name. After Bruce ascended the Scottish throne 

 his English possessions were forfeited, and Hartle- 

 pool w.as granted to the Cliffords. The bound 

 aries of the ancient borough were in 1883 extended 

 so as to include the township of Throston and 

 part of the township of Stranton, making the 

 southern boundary conterminous Avith the modern 

 borough of West Hartlepool. The local industries 

 of Hartlepool are iron shipbuilding, marine engin- 

 eering, and cement-manufacture. Formerly there 

 was a considerable shipping trade, but that is now 

 almost entirely transferred to West Hartlepool, 

 Avhere the chief custom-house and other facilities 

 are situated. The harbour entrance is safe, and 

 communicates by a channel direct to the more 

 modern port. The public institutions include ex- 

 cellent public schools, a public hospital, an ancient 

 parish church, and thirteen other places of worship. 

 A substantial sea-wall and delightful promenade, 

 completed in 1889, have added much to the attrac- 

 tive appearance of the town on the seaward side. 

 Pop. of municipal borough (1851) 9503; (1871) 

 13,166; (1881) 16,998; (1891) 21,521. 



WEST HARTLEPOOL, a modern municipal borough 

 and seaport, is situated to the south as Hartlepool is 

 to the north of Hartlepool Bay, and practically forms 

 one town with Hartlepool. It was founded in 1847 

 by Ralph Ward Jackson, an enterprising railway 

 speculator, afterwards M.P. for the Hartlepools. 

 It possesses a theatre, athenaeum, and mechanics' 

 institute, custom-house, market-house, exchange, a 

 municipal hall opened by Prince Albert Victor in 

 1889, a school of art, and other public buildings. 

 The first harbour was constructed here in 1847, of 

 12 acres, and has since been greatly enlarged. The 

 dock area of Hartlepool and West Hartlepool to- 

 gether, including the timber and shipbuilding yards, 

 ice., is over 300 acres in extent. Extensive iron 

 shipbuilding-yards, cement-works, wood-pulp works, 

 and marine engine-building establishments have 

 been founded. There are graving-docks leased 

 by the North-Eastern Railway Company, and also 

 one extensive graving-dock .open to public use. 

 Besides coal, the following are the principal im- 

 ports : Flax and hemp, grain, timber, butter, 

 cheese, fruit, cattle, tallow, yeast, iron, zinc, &c. 

 The exports consist of woollen and cotton goods, 

 copper, cement, drugs, machinery, earthenware, 

 yarn, hides, &c. ; the trade being carried on for the 

 most part with the Baltic ports, Cronstadt, St 

 Petersburg, and Danzig, and with Hamburg and 

 Rotterdam. The export of coal from the united 

 port is about 1,500,000 tons annually. Governed 

 from 1854 by a local commission, the town was 

 created a municipal borough in 1887. Pop. of 

 municipal district (1861) 12,603; (1881) 28,167; 

 of municipal borough ( 1891 ) 42,492. In 1867 ' The 

 Hartlepools ' were constituted a parliamentary 

 borough, returning one member. Pop. 46,990. 

 See Sir C. Sharpe's History of Hartlepool ( 1816 ; 

 new ed. 1851 ). 



Hartley, DAVID, philosopher, was born August 

 30, 1705. His father was vicar of Armley, in York- 

 shire. At fifteen he entered Jesus College, Cam- 

 bridge, and became a Fellow of the college. He 

 studied at first for the church, but, dissenting from 

 some points in the Thirty-nine Articles, he aban- 

 doned his original intention. In his mature years 



