HATCH 



HA TTO 



588 



ntirely distinct branch of the hat trade, is dealt 

 with under Straw (q.v. ). In the United Kingdom 

 i In- felt-hat trade ia principally centred at 'Den ton 

 and other villages in the neighbourhood of Man- 

 chester. In the year 1888 there were exported from 

 the United Kingdom 1,331,627 dozen hats of all 

 kinds, valued at 1,252,017. 



Hatch* EDWIN, a learned theologian, born at 

 l>erby, lih September 1835. He was educated at 

 Kiii^ r Edward's School, Ittrmingham, and at Pem- 

 broke College, o\t'ord, and took a second-class in 

 classics in 18.~>7. After some years of teaching as 

 professor of Classics at Trinity College, Toronto, 

 and rector of Quebec High School, he returned 

 to Oxford as vice -principal of St Mary Hall in 

 1867, a post which he held till his resignation in 

 iss:.. ||i> was appointed rector of Pnrleigh, Essex, 

 in 18S.'{, and next year reader in Ecclesiastical 

 History at Oxford. Tlie (irintield lectureship on 

 tin- Beptaagint he held from 1880 to 1884. His 

 articles on such heads as ' Ordination,' ' Priest,' &c., 

 in Smith and Cheetliam's Dictionary of Christina. 

 Aiittiju/tirs, had already attracted wide attention, 

 when his profoundly learned and admirably argued 

 ]i;unpton Lectures, in 1880, on Tlie Organisation 

 t>f the Early Christian Churches, lirinly established 

 his reputation both in England and Germany as 

 nn- of the ablest and best-equipped theologians of 

 the time. The book struck a blow at the roots of 

 High Church claims, and proved to be more easily 

 denounced than answered. It had the honour to 

 be translated by Harnack. In 1888 he delivered a 

 course of Hibbert Lectures on Greek Influence on 

 Christianity. Hatch was made D.D. by Edinburgh 

 in 1883; published in 1887 The Growth of Church 

 Institutions, a profoundly learned book, though 

 written in a bright and popular style ; Essays in 

 Biblical Greek in 1889; and nad made considerable 

 progress with his projected Concordance to the Sep- 

 Ji/iKjint when his career was cut short by untimely 

 death, at Oxford, 10th November 1889. A collection 

 of noble religious poetry, Towards Fields of Light 

 {1889), and a volume of striking sermons, The God 

 of Hope (1890), appeared posthumously, the latter 

 with a brief biographical sketch by bis brother. 

 See Dr Sanday in the Expositor for February 1890. 



Hatching. See INCUBATION, POULTRY. 



Hatchment* ACHIEVEMENT, or FUNERAL 

 ESCUTCHEON, the arms of a deceased person within 

 a black lozenge-shaped frame meant to be placed 

 on the front of his house. If the deceased was 

 unmarried or a widower or widow the whole field 

 of the escutcheon is black. In the hatchment of a 



married person only 

 that part is black 

 which adjoins the 

 side of it occupied by 

 the arms of the de- 

 ceased. Thus, in the 

 hatchment of a hus- 

 band the dexter side 

 is black, the sinister 

 white ; in that of a 

 wife the reverse. 

 The old funeral es- 

 cutcheon of Scotland, 

 similarly to that of 

 tin-many, had the 

 seize quartiers of the 

 deceased arranged 

 round his personal arms, and in strictness no 

 one, unless his ancestors on every side up to four 

 generations had armorial rights, was entitled to a 

 funeral escutcheon. Escutcheons of this kind are 

 now seldom seen even in Scotland. The black 

 frame is sometimes powdered with drops to repre- 



Hatchinent of Husband. 



sent tears, and the skull and crow- bone* at the 



corners are hardly out of use. 



llatficld* or Blsinii'.-, HAII ii u>, a inarket- 

 IONMI of Hertfordshire, 18 miles NNW. of London 

 by rail. There exist a few (scanty remains of the 

 I '2th century palace, once the property of the 

 hishoim of Ely, but, together with the manor, 

 sei/eil by Henry VIII., and successively tip 

 dence of that king, of Edward VI. and Queen Eli/a- 

 both before their Recession, and of .James 1. Hat- 

 field House, the seat of the Murqiii.s of Salisbury, 

 was built by Sir Rolxirt Cecil in Kill, and is a line 

 specimen of Jacol>ean architecture, rich in portrait* 

 and historical manuscripts. Pop. of parish (1851 ) 

 3862 ; ( 1891 ) 4330. See a fine account of it* history 

 in Brewer's English Studies ( 1881 ). 



Hat field 4'liasc, a fenny tract of land in the 

 West Riding of Yorkshire, lying between the Trent 

 and Doncaster, some 180,000 acres in extent, 

 which has been drained, and is now cultivated. 

 See The Level of Uatfield Chace, by John Tomlin- 

 son (1882). 



Hatherley, SIR WILLIAM PAGE WOOD, BARON, 

 Lord Chancellor of Great Britain, was lx>rn in 

 London in 1801, and educated at Winchester, 

 and Trinity College, Cambridge, and subsequently 

 called to the bar. He was returned in 1847 as 

 Liberal member for Oxford, in 1851 was appointed 

 solicitor-general and knighted, in 18;">3 became 

 vice-chancellor, in 1868 a lord justice in the 

 Appeal Court and lord chancellor, being at the 

 same time raised to the peerage as Baron Hatherley. 

 His name is associated with a Bankruptcy Act of 

 1869. He resigned office in 1872 in consequence 

 of failing eyesight, and died on 10th July 1881. 

 From his pen came Truth and its Counterfeits 

 (1857) and The Continuity of Scripture (1867-69). 

 See Memoir by W. R. W. Stephens ( 1882). 



Hathor* the name of an Egyptian goddess, 

 ranked among the second class of deities, wbo was 

 the daughter of Ra, the sun. See EGYPT. 



llalliras. a well-built town of India, in the 

 Nortli-weet Provinces, 21 miles S. of Aligarh. It 

 is the commercial centre for the Upper Doab, and 

 has a large export trade in sugar, grain, cotton, oil- 

 seeds, and /////, and imports iron and metal-wares, 

 cloth, &c. The delicate carved work of the town 

 is famous. Pop. (1891) 39,181. 



Hat im et-Ta'f was chief of the Arabian tribe 

 of Tai, and flourished shortly l>efore the advent 

 of Mohammed. He was renowned for hi* extra- 

 ordinary liberality, and his name is at the present 

 day synonymous throughout the Moslem world 

 with all that is open-handed and generous. No 

 greater compliment, indeed, can be paid to an 

 Asiatic prince or noble than to style him 'a secmid 

 Hatim.' Many anecdotes of his liberality and 

 magnanimity are recounted by poets ; thus Sa'di 

 says : ' Hatim Tai no longer exists, but his exalted 

 name will remain famous for virtue to eternity. 

 Distribute a tithe of your wealth in alms, for when 

 the husbandman lops nil' the exuberant branches 

 from the vine it produces an increase of grapes," 

 See Clouston's Group of Eastern Romances (1889). 



Hattcras* CAPE, a low point of North Caro- 

 lina, forming part of a sanaltank, in 35 15' N. 

 lat. and 75 31 W. long. The coast-line here 

 turns from the direction of north-east to that of 

 due north ; violent storms are frequent and rendei 

 navigation dangerous, and the island is marked by 

 a light raised 190 feet above the sea. 



Hatti Sherif. See FIRMAN 



HattO* the name of two archbishops of Mainz, 

 who have a somewhat conspicuous place in the 

 history of Germany. The first of these was chosen 

 Archb'ishop of Mainz in 891, and died in 913. The 



