NAIl'T 



HAU8ER 



and Caistor Castle, round the courtyard of which 

 dii\8 every year a ghostly carriage drawn by four 

 headless horses. No less rich in stories of haunted 

 houses are Ireland, Wales, Brittany, and Germany, 

 and no stories of this class are more weird and 

 gruesome than the examples in the folklore of 

 I in ^ia. Spectral animals as well as men and 

 Miange lights were seen at Home places, and there 

 an- authentic stories of undignified apparitions of 

 whose presence mortals were made aware by their 

 sense of smell. The ' Shuck Dog' of Norfolk is of 

 large size and black colour, with great yellow 

 eve*, and brings sure death to any one he meets. 

 Sometimes, however, he is headless, or with but 

 one Ma/ing eye in the centre of his forehead. In- 

 deed, the whole subject of spectral apparitions 

 opens up a large chapter in popular demonoloj*y, 

 which has been somewhat grotesquely overlaid with 

 the theological conception of the devil. 



< 'ountless stories, old and new, are told of spirits 

 that have at various times infested houses to the 

 terror of their earthly inmates. Of these classical 

 examples are those connected with Tedworth, testi- 

 fied to by Joseph Glanvill, and with Epworth 

 Kectorv, on the still lss impeachable evidence of 

 John Wesley. An interesting modern example of 

 how stories of this kind can be manufactureu even 

 in our day, out of hearsay and third-hand state- 

 ments, is that of the haunted house in Berkeley 

 Square, which seems to have received its popu- 

 larity and fame from being identified through some 

 accidental circumstances as the scene of a similar 

 story related in Temple, Bar for 1868 by Khoda 

 Broughton of a house in the country. Those who 

 are sufficiently interested can follow the growth, 

 if not the actual genesis, of the story in a series 

 of communications to Notes and Queries, sixth 

 series, vols. ii. and iii. 



See the article APPARITIONS and the books enumerated 

 there ; and particularly John H. Ingrain's HauntedHom.es 

 of Great Britain, (1884), and the Proceedings of the 

 Society for Psychical Research, instituted in 1882. 



Hailpt, MORITZ, a Germanist and classical 

 scholar, was born at Zittau, 27th July 1808, was 

 professor at Leipzig from 1843 to 1850, and from 

 1853 in Berlin. He was secretary to the academy 

 there, and died 5th February 1874. He edited 

 several Latin classics (Ovid, Horace, &c. ), and 

 many Middle High German poems. 



llaiipur. a town of India, in the North-west 

 Provinces, 18 miles S. of Meerut. Pop. 13,000. 



llaiiraki. a gulf and a gold-bearing peninsula 

 of New Zealand, opposite Auckland (q.v.). 



II a ii ran (anc. Auranitis), a large district in 

 Syria, east of the Sea of Galilee. The name is 

 sometimes restricted to one fertile plain there. 

 See BASHAN; and works by Schumacher (1886), 

 Conder, Palmer, Stubel, and Heber-Percy (1895). 



II. i nrraii. JEAN BARTHLKMY (1812-96), his- 

 torian, was born in Paris, and held posts in the 

 National Library and the National Printing Office. 

 He wrote on Poland, Francis I., Charlemagne, 

 St Victor, &c., but is best known by his great 

 Histoire de la Philosophic Scolastique ( 1872-81). 



Haiiser, KASPAR, a German youth, whose his- 

 tory, enshrouded in many elements of mystery, 

 excited the attention of all Europe and especially 

 of Germany. On the afternoon of 26th May 1828 

 a citizen of Nureml>erg olwerved a youth, appar- 

 ently about sixteen or seventeen years of age, 

 dressed as a peasant, leaning against a wall in the 

 market-place, and evidently in distress. But he 

 was unable to give any account of himself ; he 

 could only utter, parrot-like, a few incoherent 

 words, to the effect that he wanted to be a cavalry 

 soldier. In his hand he lx>re a letter addressed to 

 an officer in the town. The letter purported to be 



written by an illiterate workman, who Haiti that 

 the boy had been deposited at hi* door an infant 

 by some one unknown, and that he had brought 

 him up, but in strict seclusion. Kudosed in the 

 letter was another, pretending to have been penned 

 by the mother of the youth, but written l>\ the 

 same hand and at the name time, stating that (the, 

 a poor girl, had given birth to a liabe on 3(uh April 

 1812, that his name was Kiopar, and that hix 

 father, then dead, had been a soldier. The youth's 

 mind was totally blank, not from idiotcy, but 

 because he had had no education whatever, and he 

 was utterly ignorant of the commonest experience* 

 of everyday life. His behaviour was that of a little 

 child. He loathed all food except bread and water. 

 The sounds, sights, and odours of the common 

 world about him all caused him great pain. His 

 senses were altogether unused to them, or rather 

 they were such only as would be found in one 

 who had lived without using them, or had lived 

 as he had done in a state of complete darkness and 

 complete solitude. 



Some time afterwards, when his senses and 

 his mind began to be schooled, he was able to 

 give the following account of his former existence. 

 As long as he could remember he had been in 

 a hole or cage, too small for him to rest in any 

 other posture than seated on the ground with 

 his legs stretched straight out before him. His 

 only clothing had been a pair of trousers and a 

 shirt. He had never seen the sun nor heard sound 

 of the outer world. Food bread and water was 

 always supplied to him whilst he slept, and some- 

 times he was made to sleep by ' nasty stuff ' ( laud- 

 anum ) put in the water. He had spent his time 

 E laying with two toy horses. He was attended to 

 y 'a man,' who at last taught him to write a 

 little, and to stand and to walk ; and finally 'the 

 man ' had put shoes on his feet and had brought 

 him to Nuremberg by night, and, placing the letter 

 in his hand, had disappeared. The town author- 

 ities eventually decided to adopt this strange and 

 forlorn being thus mysteriously brought to them. 

 But about fifteen months later, on 17th Octobei 

 1829, he was found bleeding from a wound in the 

 forehead, which, he said, had been inflicted by 

 ' the man.' But this individual could not be founcf, 

 nor even any trace of him. Meanwhile attempts 

 were being made to educate the untutored youth, 

 and to civilise him. At first he showed a keen 

 thirst for knowledge, marvellous powers of memory, 

 and wonderful quickness in apprehension ; but as 

 his body began to grow rapidly, his mind, which 

 had apparently been early checked in its growth, 

 soon reached the full measure of its expansion and 

 development. Crowds of the curious nad at first 

 flocked to see the strange boy, and visitors to the 

 city still came to visit him. Amongst these was 

 the eccentric Lord Stanhope, who conceived a 

 sudden fancy for Kaspar and adopted him, sending 

 him to Ansbach to be educated. But, as his 

 mental development had suffered an arrest, so now 

 his moral character began to deteriorate ; and he 

 was being gradually forgotten, when on 14th 

 December 1833 he suddenly burst into the house, 

 bleeding from a wound in his side, which he said 

 had been dealt him by 'the man,' who on tlii- 

 occasion too could not be discovered. Three la\ - 

 later Kaspar Hauser died. Beyond these facts 

 nothing more is known about him. Owjng to the 

 many inconsistencies in his story and the mystery 

 surrounding him, many have regarded him as an art- 

 ful impostor, and believe that he died an involun- 

 tary suicide. Others, again, looked upon him as 

 the victim of a hideous crime, and believed that he 

 was of noble birth, some indeed (since 1834) mak- 

 ing him out to have been heir to the throne of 

 Baden. But in 1875 the government of Baden 



