HAVELOCK 



HAVRE 



587 





notable tributary is the Spree, on which Berlin 

 (Stand.--. 



llavelock. Si it HKNKY, one of tlto heroes of 

 tliu Indian mutiny, was born April 5, 1795, at 

 liinhop \Veai mouth, in Dtirlnini, where his father 

 i iu>Tcliant an<l shipbuilder. He was educated 

 at ill' 1 Charterhouse, and was at first intended for 

 tin* law, hut, following hi* elder brother's exum]>l<>, 

 entered the army a month after Waterloo, and went 

 out to India in 1823. It was during the voyage that 

 that conversion occurred which coloured all his after- 

 life. Havelock distinguished himself in the Afghan 

 and Sikh wars, !mt was still a lieutenant after 

 _:> yours* service. In 18J6 he commanded a division 

 oi' the army that invaded Persia. News of the 

 Indian mutiny hastened his return to Calcutta, and 

 ere long he had organised a small movable column 

 at Allahabad with which to push on to the relief of 

 the British at Cawnpore and Lucknow. A forced 

 inarch brought his 2000 men to Fatehpur, where 

 he engaged and broke the rebels. He continued 

 his march upon Cawnpore, driving the enemy 

 before him. The cowardly miscreants at the 

 suggestion of the infamous Nana Sahib revenged 

 their defeats before abandoning Cawnpore by the 

 atrocious massacre of all the European women and 

 children in their hands. At Aiiirwa Havelock 

 found the rebels strongly entrenched, but turned 

 their left, and carried the village by a splendid 

 charge of the 78th Highlanders. He now entered 

 Cawnpore, and saw with his own eyes the horrors 

 of the massacre. The sight steeled the hearts of 

 his handful of heroes, who quitted Cawnpore to 

 advance upon Lucknow. Crossing the Ganges, he 

 repulsed the rebels at Unao, but after fighting 

 igjit victorious battles he found his little army so 

 thinned by fatigue and sickness that he was reluc- 

 tantly compelled to retire upon Cawnpore. Early 

 in September General Outram arrived with rein- 

 forcements, and Havelock again advanced to the 

 relief of Lucknow; Outram, with a chivalrous 

 generosity characteristic of that heroic time, waiv- 

 ing his superior rank, and serving under Havelock 

 as a volunteer until Lucknow was saved. The 

 relieving force, which mustered 2500 men and 17 

 guns, after a sharp brush with the enemy engaged 

 them at the Alum-Bagh, an isolated building about 

 three miles from the Residency of Lucknow. Next 

 with desperate bravery they fought their way 

 through streets of houses, each a separate fortress, 

 until they gained the Residency, to the indescrib- 

 able joy of the beleaguered garrison. The victori- 

 ous army were now in turn besieged, but held their 

 own until November, when Sir Colin Campbell in 

 hi* turn forced his way to their rescue. After 

 the relief of Lucknow Havelock was attacked by 

 dysentery, died November 22, 1857, and was buried 

 in the Alum-Bagh. Before his death news arrived 

 of his elevation to the distinction of K.C.B. Other 

 honours were in store for him, but they came too 

 late. He was made major-general ; appointed to 

 the colonelcy of the 3d Foot, and a baronet, with a 

 proposed pension of 1000 a year. The rank and 

 the pension were given to his widow, daughter of 

 the Baptist missionary, Dr Marshman ; a new 

 patent of baronetcy issued in favour of the eldest 

 son, as his father's was sealed only the day after 

 his death ; and a statue was erected by public 

 subscription in Trafalgar Square. Havelock was 

 strict in his religion, and severe in his discipline, 

 somewhat after the type of the grave and fearless 

 Puritans who fought and conquered under Crom- 

 well. ' For more than forty years,' he said to Sir 

 James Outram in his last moments, ' I have so 

 ruled my life that when death came I might face 

 it without fear.' This he did, and among her 

 noblest soldiers England will never cease to re- 

 member the Christian hero, Sir Henry Havelock. 



See lives of him by \V. Brock (1858), Miss Marsh- 

 man (IttiiO), and A. Forbes ( 1890). 



Havelok the Dane. See the article on 

 BXOLUB LITKICAII UK, Vol. IV. p. 367, and the 

 In ion of the romance by Professor Skeat (Early 

 English Text Society, Extra Series, 1868). 



Haven. See HARBOUR. 



Haver, a term used in Scotch law to denote 

 the person in whose custody a document us. 



HaverfordweNt (Welsh Hu-lffordd), a par- 

 liamentary and municipal borough, seaport, and 

 market-town of Wales, capital of the county of 

 Pembroke, and a county of itself, occupies a 

 picturesque situation on the river Cledduu, 10 

 miles NNE. of Milford by rail and 162 W. of 

 Gloucester. A body of Flemings was settled in the 

 district by Henry I. in 1107. The castle, the keep 

 of which is now used as the county gaol, was erected 

 by Gilbert de Clare, first Earl of Pembroke, in 

 the 14th century. There are also remains of a 

 12th-century Augustinian priory. Paper-making 

 is the chief industry. Since 1885 Haverfordwest 

 has been included in the Pembroke boroughs, which 

 return one member to the House of Commons. 

 Pop. ( 1861 ) 7019 ; ( 1881 ) 6398 ; ( 1891 ) 6179. 



Havcrgal, FRANCES RIDLEY, a popular hymn- 

 writer, youngest child of Rev. W. H. Havergal, 

 musical composer, and hon. canon of Worcester 

 cathedral, was born 14th Deceml>er 1836 at Astley, 

 Worcestershire. A talented child, she familiarised 

 herself with modern languages, tried Greek and 

 Hebrew, and, developing her poetical gift, she 

 gave utterance from time to time to many sweet 

 and delicate religious strains of song. Her writ- 

 ings in poetry and prose have been popular with 

 the religious public. Some of her hymns have 

 found their way into church collections. She 

 issued many such volumes as Ministry of Song, 

 Under the Surface, &c. She died at Caswell 

 Bay, Swansea, 3d June 1879. Her collected 

 Poetical Works appeared in 1884, and her Letters, 

 &c. in 1885. See Memorials of Frances Ridley 

 Havergal (1880). 



llavrrliill. an ancient market-town in the 

 south-west corner of Suffolk, 18 miles SE. of Cam- 

 bridge. Pop. of parish, 3685. 



Haverllill, a city of Massachusetts, at the 

 head of navigation on the Merrimac River. 33 

 miles N. of Boston by rail. Its chief industry is 

 the manufacture of boots and shoes, which employs 

 about 6000 men in 200 factories ; and it manufactures 

 also iron, hats, glass, &<. 1'op. (1870) 13,092; 

 (1880) 18,472; (1890)27,412; (1900)37,175. 



Havers CLOPTON, anatomist ami plusician, 

 who, after studying at Cambridge and Utrecht, 

 where he graduated, settled in London in 1687. 

 His Osteologia Nova, or Some Aew Observations of 

 the Hones and the Parts belonging to them ( Lond. 

 1691), was long a standard work; and his name 

 is perpetuated as the discoverer of the Haversian 

 canals in Bone (q.v.). Other details of his life are 

 not known. 



Havildar, the highest rank of non-commis- 

 sioned officer among native troops in India and 

 Ceylon. 



Havre* LE (a contraction of the original name, 

 l.i HAVRE DE NOTRE DAME DE GRACE), a sea- 

 port in the French department of Seine-Inferieure, 

 and, next to Marseilles, the chief commercial em- 

 porium of the country, is situated on the north 

 side of the estuary of the Seine. 14.S miles N \\ . 

 of Paris by rail. The port was entered in 1886 

 by 2580 vessels of 2,003,983 tons, and in 1888 

 by 2717 vessels of 2,341,023 tons, of which 1210 

 vessels of 825,892 tons were British and 645 vessels 

 of 779,237 tons were French. These figures are 



