HEAD 



HKALTH-KKSOKTS 



cries, 1877) ; and Bulwer Lvtton's Quarterly Ettayt 

 (1875). A colh-cti..n of Ha*litt's work* in 7 voU. 

 exclusive of the Life of Mi /Wron edited by hu 

 grandson, W. C. Hazlitt, iian been published by Messrs 

 Boll & D.il.ly. Alexander Ireland lias issued an anno- 

 tated Last of hU writings (1808), and an admirable 

 selection from his writings, with a brief essay on his 

 life,&c.(18H'.l). 



Head. See BRAIN (CONCUSSION OF), EAR, EVE, 

 SKULL, TEETH, \-r. 



Head. SIR EDMUND WALKER, Bart., goyernor- 

 general of Canada, was the son of the Rev. Sir John 



II id, .HI. I \\.-i- horn in 1805, near Maidstone, Kent. 

 l-niiii Winchester he passed to Uriel College, Ox- 

 foi.l, \\ here he took a first in classics in 1827, and 

 became a Fellow of Mertxm ; in 1838 he succeeded 

 his father, the seventh baronet. After serving as 

 poor-law commissioner, he became in 1847 lieu- 

 tenant-governor of New Brunswick, and held this 

 post until September 1854, when he succeeded the 

 Earl of Elgin as governor-general of Canada. He 

 retired in 1861, was made a civil-service commis- 

 sioner in 1803, and privy-councillor in 1867. He 

 wrote a Handbook of Spanish Painting, and other 

 popular books on art, and published Ballads and 

 utlu-r Poems, original and translated (1868). He 

 died 28th January 1868. 



Head, SIR FRANCIS BOND, Bart., author, and 

 governor of Upper Canada, was born at Hermitage, 

 near Rochester, 1st January 1793. He entered the 

 rorps of Royal Engineers, served at Waterloo and 

 elsewhere, and had attained the rank of major when 

 he retired from the service. In 1825 he accepted 

 an engagement from a private company to work 

 siime gold and silver mines on the river Plate ; and 

 his spirited Rough Notes of his travels across the 

 pampas and over the Andes gained for him the 

 name of 'Galloping Head.' In 1835 he became 

 governor of Upper Canada, where, at the head of 

 the militia, he succeeded in suppressing an insur- 

 rection, which had its origin, as it was said, in his 

 injudicious measures ; but this charge he may fairly 

 l)e held to have refuted in his Narrative (1839) 

 of these events. In 1837 he resigned his post, and 

 was created a baronet in 1838. After his retire- 

 ment he devoted himself to literary pursuits, and 

 for some years enjoyed a pension of 100 'for his 

 services to literature. ' His books include Bubbles 

 from the Brunnen of Nassau, A Faggot of French 

 Sticks, Stokers and Pokers, A Visit to Ireland, The 

 Emigrant, The Horse and his Eider, The Royal 

 Engineer, and Lives of Bruce, the traveller, and 

 Sir John Burgoyne. He died 20th July 1875. 



Headache can scarcely ever be called a disease, 

 but it is a common symptom of many ailments. It 

 is sometimes caused by serious mischief within the 

 cranium, but far more frequently it depends upon 

 an alteration in the quality of the blood, or in a 

 deficient or excessive supply of it to the head. The 

 deterioration in quality may be caused by fevers, 

 by inflammations of various organs e.g. the kid- 

 neys, or even by breathing the air of a crowded 

 room. The congestive form of headache is often 

 produced by mere mechanical obstruction to the 

 return of blood from the head. A tight collar or 

 an awkward position of the neck during rest may 

 cause it. This form of headache is aggravated by 

 stooping. On the other hand the ana-mic variety 

 is often relieved by lying down. The neuralgic 

 headache is one of the commonest of all, and is 

 especially associated with the hysterical tendency. 

 Another variety which is on the increase in th'is 

 hurried and hard-driven generation is that caused 

 by excessive brain-work. Lastly, there is the sick 

 headache, megrim or migraine, which comes on 

 periodically in paroxysms, often associated with 

 bilious vomiting. 



The great rule for the treatment of headache is 

 first of all to correct the general morbid condition 

 <m which it depends. Without this, local treatment 

 is usually of little avail, and at liest is only of teni- 

 jMirary benefit. Except in an.i-mic cases the patient 

 should have the head and shoulders well raised 

 during sleep. Aperients give relief in nearly every 

 form except the neuralgic. If the blood is deterio- 

 rated it must ! improved by iron, 15 to 20 drops 

 of the tincture of the perchloride, three times a day. 

 Quinine is of use in periodic headaches in doses 

 of 2 or 3 grains, three or four times a day. In neu- 

 ralgic pain about the forehead menthol rubbed on 

 often gives speedy relief, (Jelsernium and Indian 

 hemp are useful internal remedies, but opium is of 

 doubtful value. Bromide of potassium in 30-grain 

 doses may be given with the Indian hemp, if there 

 is much restlessness. Of local applications chloro- 

 form and mustard are perhaps the most generally 

 serviceable. In all cases the diet and habits of life 

 should be carefully regulated. 



Head Borough, an old term for the head of a 

 borough, or high constable. See CONSTABLE. 



Head-hunting. See DYAKS. 



Head-money. See POLL-TAX. 



Headon Beds. See OLIGOCENE SYSTEM. 



Health. See HYGIENE. 



Health, BILL OF, in Shipping, is a document 

 carried by every British ship, unless engaged in the 

 coasting trade, or specially exempted. It is granted 

 at home by the customs, and abroad by the British 

 consular agent, or, if there is no such person, by a 

 British merchant or foreign consul. When no con- 

 tagions or infectious disease is known to exist at 

 the place of departure, the bill is ' clean ; ' when 

 there is reason to fear the appearance of such dis- 

 ease, the bill is ' suspected ; when such disease 

 actually exists, the bill is 'foul.' The practice of 

 other countries is identical. See QUARANTINE. 



Health, BOARD OF. See PRIVY-COUNCIL. 



Health-resorts, frequented for combating 

 disease or invigorating the comparatively healthy, 

 fall into several well-marked groups. ( 1 ) Sea- 

 bathing quarters have long been in vogue amongst 

 civilised nations, though the periodical exodus from 

 cities is of modem origin. (2) The remedial and 

 invigorating agency of mountain air has been 

 more recently recognised, but is now fully estab- 

 lished. Hence the popularity of many inland 

 highland districts in Scotland, Switzerland, and 

 Norway. (3) Curative wells thermal, muriated, 

 alkaline, sulphated, chalybeate, sulphureous, cal- 

 careous have been frequented from the earliest 

 times, and are found in many countries. The 

 various kinds of water and their beneficial qualities 

 are dealt with in the article MINERAL WATERS. 

 (4) Climatic health-resorts at a high altitude, such 

 as Davos Platz, Andermatt, Meran, &c., have of 

 late come into favour because of their value for 

 persons recovering from acute illness, and who are 

 able to take active outdoor exercise ; and specially 

 for those in the early stages of phthisis, or in 

 chronic phthisis unaccompanied by lever or blood- 

 spitting. When there is ha-moptysis, such a climate 

 is disadvantageous or dangerous as it is also in 

 cases of heart-disease, chronic bronchitis, and 

 chronic rheumatism. (5) Residence for longer or 

 shorter times in exceptionally temperate, mud, or 

 warm climates is recommended for pulmonary 

 diseases, particularly phthisis. Such favoured 

 regions are Bournemouth, Torquay, and other 

 places on the south coast of England and the Isle 

 MI Wight, the Riviera (Men tone, Nice, &c.), 

 Hyeres, Pozzuoli and other sheltered places in 

 south Italy, Palermo, Madeira, Algiers, and Upper 

 Egypt. Florida, southern California, and the 



