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HENDRICKS 



HENNA 



which was soon adopted also by the English 

 parliament. Henderson was one of the Scottish 

 commissioners that sat in the Assembly of Divines 

 at Westminster, and in its work spent his last 

 three years in England. He died at Edinburgh, 

 19th August 1646, and was buried in Greyfriars' 

 Churchyard. See the Lives by Aiton (1836) and 

 M'Crie (1846), and Baillie's Letters and Journals. 



Hendricks, THOMAS ANDREWS vice-president 

 of the United States, was born in Ohio, 7th Sep- 

 tember 1819, and admitted to the Indiana bar in 

 1 843. He served one term in the state legislature, 

 sat in congress from 1851 to 1855, and in the United 

 States senate from 1863 to 1869, and in 1872 was 

 elected governor of Indiana. In 1876 he was the 

 Democratic candidate for the vice-presidency, but 

 was not returned (see HAYES, R. B.); in 1884 he 

 was elected. He died 25th November 1885. 



Henequcn, or SISAL HEMP. See FIBROUS 

 SUBSTANCES. 



Hengist (A.S. 'stallion') and llorsa. the 

 names of the two brothers who led the first band of 

 Teutonic invaders to Britain. They are mentioned 

 by Nennius and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, so that 

 we need not insist upon the suspicious etymologies 

 of the names so far as to dismiss their story as a 

 myth. According to the story they came about 

 the year 449 to help King Vortigern against the 

 Picts, and were rewarded for their services with 

 a gift of the Isle of Tlianet. Soon after they turned 

 against Vortigern, but were defeated at Aylesford, 

 where Horsa was slain. Ere long, however, 

 Hengist is said to have conquered the whole of 

 Kent. 



Hengstenberg, ERNST WILHELM, a famous 

 German champion of orthodox theology, was born 

 20th October 1802, at Frondenberg, in Westphalia, 

 where his father was clergyman. Prepared by his 

 father for the university, he devoted himself at Bonn 

 chiefly to Orientalia and philosophy, whilst at the 

 same time he took an enthusiastic part in the Bur- 

 schenschaften. At first a sympathiser with rational- 

 ism, at Basel, whither he went in 1823, he passed 

 over to the opposite extreme, and going next year 

 as privat-docent to Berlin, soon put himself at the 

 head of a rising orthodox party, whose principles 

 he championed vigorously ooth in the university 

 and through the press. In 1826 he was made 

 extra-ordinary, in 1828 ordinary professor ; and in 

 1829 doctor of theology. His" Evangelische Kir- 

 chenzeitung, begun in 1827, combated rationalism 

 even in its mildest forms, seeking to restore the 

 orthodoxy and church discipline of the 16th and 

 17th centuries. All his works were devoted to the 

 defence of the old interpretation and criticism of 

 the Scriptures against the results of modern bib- 

 lical science in Germany. Hengstenberg's great 

 influence in ecclesiastical matters was employed 

 m the car'-ving out of the high Lutheran dogmas 

 of the church, of church-offices, and of the sacra- 

 ments, by persecution of sectaries, by opposition 

 to the union of Lutherans and Reformed, and by 

 attempts to depose from their chairs Gesenius, 

 Wegscheider, De Wette, and other so-called ration- 

 alistic teachers in the universities. He died at 

 Berlin, May 28, 1869. 



His chief works were Beitrdge zur Einlcitunr/ ins Alte 

 Testament (1831-39; Eng. trans. 1847 and 1848) ; Christ- 

 ofo.t/ie des Alten Testaments (2d ed. 1854-57; Eng. trans. 

 4 vols. 1854-59) ; Geschichte des Reiches Gottesunter dem 

 Alten Bimde (1869-70; Eng. trans. 1871-72); Die Weis- 

 sagungen des Propheten Ezechiel (1867-68; Eng. trans. 

 1869); Die Juden und die Christ. Kirche (1857) ; andZ)ie 

 Bucher Mosis und Aegypten (1841 ; Eng. trans. 1845). 

 His commentaries embraced the Psalms (1842-45; Eng. 

 trans. 1845-48), the Apocalypse (1850-51; trans. 1852), 

 and the Gospel of St John (1861-62; trans. 1865). See 

 his Life by Bachmann and Schmaleubach ( 1876-92). 



Henley, JOHN, commonly known as ORATOR 

 HENLEY, the son of the vicar of Melton Mowbray, 

 in Leicestershire, where he was born on 3d August 

 1692, set up in London in 1726 what he called an 

 'oratory,' whence he professed to teach universal 

 knowledge in week-day lectures and primitive 

 Christianity in Sunday sermons. He dubbed him- 

 self the 'restorer of ancient eloquence,' and prac- 

 tised in the pulpit the arts of the theatrical atti- 

 tudinarian. He sold medals of admission to hia 

 -lectures and sermons, bearing the device of a rising 

 sun, with the motto Ad summa and the inscription 

 Inveniam viam autfaciam. Yet he was not with- 

 out genius as an orator, and by this and his eccen- 

 tricities attracted during several years large crowds 

 to hear him preacli and teach. And he doubtless 

 drew many by his queer advertisements, sometimes 

 quaint, sometimes sarcastic, but always designed 

 to catch the curious and the idle. His addresses- 

 were a strange mixture of solemnity and buffoonery, 

 of learning and ribaldry, of good sense and person- 

 alities, of wit and absurdity. Pope spits him on. 

 his literary lance in the Dunciad : 



Embrown'd witli native bronze, lo ! Henley stands, 

 Tuning his voice, and balancing his hands ; 

 How fluent nonsense trickles from his tongue ! 

 How sweet the periods, neither said nor sung ! 

 Oh, great restorer of the good old stage, 

 Preacher at once, and zany of thy age. 



Nevertheless he was not altogether ridiculous ; he 

 was a man of considerable knowledge, and had even 

 some learning in oriental matters. Whilst still an 

 undergraduate at Cambridge he sent a witty letter 

 to the Spectator (1712), and in 1714 published 

 a poem, Esther, which contains several passage* 

 incticative of imagination, and couched in elegant 

 verse. After he left Cambridge he taught in the 

 school of his native town, and there his bubbling 

 energy introduced several reforms and innovations. 

 At this time he compiled a grammar of ten lan- 

 guages, The Complete Linguist ( 1719-21 ). He went 

 to London, where lie earned his livelihood by writ- 

 ing; he was also a pensioner of Walpole, and edited 

 a weekly paper. He died 13th October 1759. His 

 Oratorical Transactions contain a Life of himself. 



Henley, WILLIAM ERNEST, LL.D., poet, play- 

 wright, critic, and editor, was born at Gloucester, 

 23d August 1849. Months of sickness in Edinburgh 

 Infirmary ( 1873-75) bore fruit in A Book of Verses 

 (1888), which won much attention, and was fol- 

 lowed by Views and Reviews ( 1890 ), The Song of the 

 Sword ( 1892), &c. Mr Henley has also been editor 

 of the Magazine of Art, the Scots (or National} 

 Observer, and the New Review, besides editing 

 Burns and Byron. He collaborated with R. L. 

 Stevenson in three plays, Deacon Brodie, Beau 

 Austin, and Admiral Guinea (reprinted 1892). 



Henley-on-Thames, a municipal borough of 

 Oxfordshire, at the base of the Chiltern Hills, and 

 on the left bank of the Thames, 8 miles NE. of 

 Reading, 36 W. of London, and 24 SE. of Oxford 

 by road ( by river 47 ). The five-arch bridge was 

 built in 1786 at a cost of 10,000; the parish 

 church, Decorated in style, was restored in 1864 

 and the grammar-school was founded in 1605. 

 Malting is a principal branch of industry ; there 

 are also breweries, and a considerable trade in 

 corn, flour, and timber. The principal amateur 

 regatta of England has been held here every sum- 

 mer since 1839. Pop. (1851) 2595; (1881) 4604; 

 (1891) 4913. See ROWING; also J. S. Burn, A 

 History of Henley-on-Thames (1861). 



Henna, a small shrub, called by botanists 

 Lawsonia alba (also L. inermis or spinosa, the 

 younger bushes being spineless). It is also 

 known as ' Egyptian privet ' or ' Jamaica mignon- 

 ette.' Henna grows in moist situations through- 



