HERALDRY 



663 



** *-^v^/^>w Engrailed. 

 . Invecked. 



quarterly (4); parted both per cross and JUT 

 altire it is called Gyronny of eight (5), the 

 well known bearing of the Campbell family. A 

 shield divided into any number of parts by linen 

 in tin* direction of a pale, bend, bar, or chevron, 

 i- -aid to IK; I'nli/, l' mlu. Hurry, or (.'//'/////, 

 tin- niiiiilMT of piecefl being specified, as in the 

 examp] (6), paly of Hix or and sable ( Athole). A 

 Hi-Id divided into square or oblong panes or pieces 

 by vertical and horizontal lines is said to be 

 vnecquy, as the ancient coat of Warren, checquy or 

 and a/ure panes (1). A field divided into lozenge- 

 shaped, mascle-shaped, or fusil-shaped panes is 

 described by the term lozengy, mascally, or fiisilly. 

 I'usilly argent and gules (8) is the coat of the 

 Grimaldis, princes of Monaco. 



A field strewed with an indefinite number of small 

 charges so as to produce the effect of a pattern is 

 said to be semi ( sometimes aspersed or powdered ) 

 of that charge, as France ancient, azure, seme 

 of fleurs-de-lis or (9). When bestrewed with an 

 indefinite number of bezants, billets, cross crosslets, 

 or drops, it is called bezanly, billetty, crustily, 

 or gouttee. English heraldry attaching a specific 

 term to drops of separate tinctures i.e. gouttee 

 <l'eau (water, tinctured argent), de sang (blood, 

 gules, 10), de larines (tears, azure), de poix (pitch, 

 able ), &c. Pretty (11) is when a fiela is covered 

 with a pattern of interlaced fillets placed diagon- 

 ally, ana leaving open spaces between them. 



Partition-lines are not always straight. Fig. 

 VI. represents the commonest forms of ir- 

 regular partition-lines in 

 use viz. the engrailed, 

 invecked, wavy, nebule, 

 embattled, indented, and 

 dancette, names equally 

 applicable to the boundary- 

 lines of ordinaries. An 

 ordinar X engrailed has the 

 points of the engrailed line 

 /WWVNAA. indented, turned outwards, and an 

 A A A / ordinary invecked in wards. 



/V\/\/ Dancette. When a fess or chevron is 

 p. V j said to be embattled, it is 



Irregular Partition Lines. ' nl y the boundary-line on 

 the upper side that is of 



this form. Dancette differs from indented by the 

 partition-line having larger , and fewer indentations. 



Common Charges. These are representations, 

 more or less conventional, of familiar objects. The 

 knights, in the early days of heraldry, ransacked 

 the animal and vegetable kingdom and the whole 

 range of objects, natural and artilicial, for charges 

 that would be distinctive ; of which only a few of 

 the most frequent, and those whose nomenclature 

 or treatment is somewhat technical, can be here 

 noticed. 



Of beasts which occur in coat-armour, the most 

 important, both in earlier and in later heraldry, is 

 the Lion. Its earliest known occurrence is on the 

 seal of Philip I., Duke of Flanders, in 1164; and 

 before long the king of beasts was Ixmie by a large 

 number of the potentates of Europe. The lion is 

 made to assume a variety of positions, a few of 

 which are represented in fig. VII. Its original 

 and normal attitude is rampant ( 1 ) i.e. in an erect 

 position with the left hind-leg resting on the ground, 

 the head in profile, and the tail elevated over the 

 back. Rampant gardant (2), the same with the 

 head affrontee (looking out of the shield) ; rei/an/- 

 tinf (3), the same looking backwards. Passant (4), 

 walking, three paws resting on the ground, the 

 dexter forepaw elevated, the head in profile look- 

 ing forward, and tail elevated over the back ; 

 passant gardant ( 5 ), as the last, but with the head 

 affrontee. A lion salient (6) has both hind-legs 

 on the ground, and the fore-legs elevated, as if to 



spring ; and a lion sejant (1) in rihing to prepare for 

 H<- 1 i- in. The lion passant gardant i* often blazoned 

 an the lion of England ; and in times when term* 

 of blazonry were comparatively few, it wan known 

 as the leopanl ; there has, in fact, been much con- 

 1 1 ' i v ersy a- to whether t lie animals in the escutcheon 

 of England are lions or leopards. Two headed, hi 

 corporate, and tri-corporate lions occur in heraldry, 

 as also lion dragons and Hon-poUsons. There in 

 likewise the celebrated winged lion of 8t Mark 

 adopted by the republic of Venice, and the two- 

 tailed lion of Bohemia and of Simon de Montfort, 

 Earl of Leicester. In ISriti-li heraldry lions and 

 other animals always face to dexter unless other- 

 wise blazoned. Two lions placed face to face 

 are called combatant, and back to back, addosse. 

 Some of the above-mentioned names for the 

 attitudes of the lion are applied to other heraldic 

 animals. Lions and other beasts of prey are said 

 to be armed or langited of any tincture, when their 

 .teeth and claws or their tongue are of that tincture, 

 and in modern English blazon a lion is always pre- 

 sumed to be armed and langued gules unless either 

 himself or the field be gules, in either of which cases 

 he is armed and langued azure. A demi-lion (8) is 

 the upper half of the lx>dy of a lion with the 

 extremity of his tufted tail. Lions are often 

 crowned, or gorged ( collared ) with a crown of some 

 sort. Bears, bulls, boars, stags, goats, dogs, foxes, 

 horses, and hedgehogs, and occasionally elephants, 

 camels, moles, apes, bats, and mice occur as 

 heraldic animals. A stag when in easy motion 

 is said to be trippant (9); he is at gaze (10) 

 when a lion would be statant gardant, and he 

 is attired of any tincture when his attires i.e. 

 his antlers, are of that tincture. Animals that 

 possess horns and hoofs are said to \te armed 

 and unguled in respect of them. The heads 

 and limbs of animals are often borne as charges, 

 and may be either erased, like the lion's head (11) 

 i.e. cut off with a jagged edge ; or couped (12) 

 i.e. cut straight off. A leopard's face (13) shows 

 none of the neck, and fronts the spectator. A 

 stag's head borne full faced, with none of the neck 

 seen, is said to be cabosned (14). Boars' heads 

 (15) are not unfrequent, and bears' heads (16), 

 which are usually represented muzzled. Animals 

 in heraldry sometimes assume a conventional form 

 differing widely from the realistic type of the same 

 creature e.g. the antelope, which has a stag's head, 

 a unicorn's tail, a tusk issuing from the tip of the 

 nose, a row of tufts down the back of the neck, and 

 similar tufts on the tail, chest, and thighs. 



Among birds, far the most prominent is the Eagle 

 (q.v. ), most commonly represented in the conven- 

 tional attitude known as displayed (17), with wings 

 expanded. Being the king of birds, it became, next 

 to the lion, the most favourite l)earing of royal per- 

 sonages, and was adopted by the German emperors. 

 The imperial eagle had at first but one head ; the 

 two-headed eagle (18) appeared in the middle of the 

 13th century, and occasionally occurs in English 

 heraldry. The allerion and martlet, originally 

 an eagle and a swallow respectively, l>ecame in 

 time unreal birds, the one without claws or beak, 

 the other without legs or beak. The falcon, the 

 pelican, the swan, the cock, the raven, the ostrich, 

 the heron, and the parrot or papingoe are all 

 armorial birds. The pelican is generally depicted 

 pecking her breast, and when represented in her 

 nest feeding her young with her blood, she is 

 said to be in her piety (19). A peacock borne 

 affrontee with his tail expanded is said to be in his 

 pride. Birds having the power of flight are, in 

 respect of their attitude, close, rising, or volant. 



Fishes and reptiles occur as charges ; the former 

 are said to be naiant, if drawn in a horizontal, 

 and hauriant (20), if drawn in a vertical position. 



