HERO 



HKROD 



689 



in which the common truss fails to support a 

 .' romioitai'U . iiml in ili.-se cases various 

 instruments, for the most part the property of 

 .-iM-.-ial instrument makern, are often M-I vireaUi-. 

 '1 In- patii'iit intiht f\pi-i't to Iiml the truss some- 

 what uncomfortable for a week or two, Imt will 

 -.inn get used to it. Tlie skin of the part upon 

 which it presses should he regularly washed and 

 bathed with .-in de Cologne or spirit, as, without 

 this precaution, boils arc apt to form on it. 



Hero, a priestess of Aphrodite, who loved and 

 was In-loved liy ;i beaut iful youth named Leamler, 

 whose home was at Ahydos, on the opposite, shore 

 of the Hellespont. Hero's position as a priestess, 

 and the will of her parents, were obstacles to their 

 union, but Leander every night swam across the 

 Hellespont to visit his beloved, directing his course 

 by a lamp that burned ou the top of a tower on the 

 seashore. 1ml one tempestuous night the light 

 u.i> extinguished, and Leander was drowned. 

 Hem. when she saw his dead body washed ashore 

 at daybreak, threw herself down from the tower 

 into the sea and perished. A poem on this theme 

 has come down to us under the name of Musirus ; 

 the romantic story is alluded to by Ovid, Virgil, 

 and Statins ; and in hiodem times Marlowe, 

 Schiller, and Leigh Hunt have retold it in verse, 

 \vhil-t Grillparzer has made it the subject of a 

 drama. 



Hero OF ALEXANDRIA (Gr. Heron), a great 

 mathematician and natural philosopher, was a 

 pupil of Ctesibius, and flourished about 100 or 150 

 B.C. He seems to have invented a great number 

 of machines and automata, among which are Hero's 

 fountain ; a steam-engine on the same principle as 

 Marker's mill ; a double forcing-pump used for a 

 fire-engine, and various other similar applications 

 of air and steam. Among his works which have 

 come down to us the most 

 notable is on Pneumatics ; 

 Hultsch edited the remaining 

 fragments of his geometrical 

 works in 1864. Another Hero, 

 called Hero the Younger, who 

 wrote on mechanics and astro- 

 nomy, long had the credit of 

 writing some of his namesake's 

 books. According to some 

 authorities he nourished at 

 Alexandria in the 7th century 

 A.D. ; according to others, at 

 Constantinople in the 10th. 

 HERO'S FOUNTAIN is a pneu- 

 matic apparatus, through which 

 a jet of water is supported by 

 condensed air. A simple mode 

 of constructing it by means of 

 HMV glass tubes and a glass-blower's 



JT' lamp is shown in the annexed 



figure. The column of water in 

 Hero's Fountain, the tube a compresses the air 

 in /> ; this presses on the surface 

 of the water in c, and causes it to gush out at <L 



Herod, the name of a family which rose to 

 power in Jmlum during the period which imme- 

 diately preceded the complete destruction of the 

 Jewish nationality. The family was of Idumean 

 descent; but, though alien in blood, was Jewish 

 in religion, the Idumeans having been conquered 

 and converted to Judaism by Jolin Hyrcanus, 130 

 B.C. (1) HEROD THE GREAT was the second son 

 of Antipater, who was appointed procurator of 

 Jiuhra oy Julius C;esar, 47 H.c. At the time 

 of his father's elevation Herod, though only 

 fifteen years of age, was made governor of Galilee, 

 and afterwards of Coele-Syria ; and ultimately he 

 And his elder brother were made joiut-tetrarchs 

 252 



of Judira. But he waa soon displaced by Ami 

 goniiM, the representative of the Hamnonean 

 dynasty, and forced to flee to Koine, where he 

 obtained, through the patronage of Antony, a full 

 recognition of hi* claims, and became tetrarch of 

 .lud.i-a, 40 ii.c. Several yearn elap--d. however, 

 before, he succeed i'd in establishing himself in Jeru- 

 salem. On the fall of Antony he managed to 

 secure a continuance of favour from Augustus, 

 from whom he not only obtained the title of 

 king of Juda-a, but also a considerable acccs-ion 

 of territory, 31 B.C. From this time till lib 

 death his reign was undisturbed by foreign war; 

 but it was stained with cruelties and atro- 

 cities of a character almost without parallel in 

 history. Every member of the Hasmonean family, 

 and even those of his own blood, fell in nieces-ion 

 a sacrifice to his jealous fears ; and in the later 

 years of his life the lightest shade of suspicion 

 sufficed as the ground for wholesale butcheries, 

 which are related in detail by Josephus. The 

 slaughter of the innocents at Bethlehem is quite 

 in keeping with his character ; as was also his 

 ordering the death of his wife Mariamne and his 

 two sons by her. The one eminent quality hv 

 which Herod was distinguished, his love of magni- 

 ficence in architecture, was evinced by the grandeur 

 of the public works executed under his direction. 

 Samaria rebuilt and Ca>sarea were monuments of 

 his /eal in building. Herod married no fewer than 

 ten wives, by whom he had fourteen children. He 

 died of a painful disease at the age of seventy, the 

 year of Christ's birth i.e. in the year 4 before the 

 Christian era, as fixed by Dionysius Exiguus (see 

 CHRONOLOGY, Vol. III. p. 227) after a reign of 

 thirty-seven years. (2) HEROD ANTIPAS, son of 

 Herod the Great by his wife Malthace, a 

 Samaritan, was originally designed by his father 

 as his successor ; but by the final arrangements 

 of the will of Herod the Great, Antipas was 

 named tetrarch of Galilee and Perea. He 

 divorced his first wife, the daughter of Aretas, 

 king of Arabia Petraea, in order to marry 

 Herodias, the wife of his half-brother Philip 

 an incestuous connection, against which John the 

 Baptist remonstrated, and was in consequence 

 put to death. It was during a visit of Herod 

 Antipas to Jerusalem for the purpose of celebrat- 

 ing the passover that Jesus was sent liefore him 

 by Pilate for examination. At a later time he 

 made a journey to Rome in the hope of obtain- 

 ing the title of king ; but he not only failed in 

 this design, but, through the intrigues of Herod 

 Agrippa, was banished to Lugdunum (Lyons), 

 where he died in exile. (3) HEROD AGRIPPA I.. 

 son of Aristobulus and Berenice, and grandson of 

 Herod the Great, was educated at Rome. He lived 

 there in a very extravagant style until his debts 

 compelled him to take refuge in Idumea. From 

 this period almost to the death of Tilterius he 

 suffered a variety of misfortunes, but, having 

 formed a friendship with Caligula, he received from 

 him, on his accession to the throne, the tetrarchie> 

 of Abilene, Batana>a, Trachonitis, and An ran it is. 

 After the banishment of Herod Antipas he 

 received his tetrarchy also viz. Galilee and 

 Perea. Claudius added to his dominions Juda-a 

 and Samaria, and be was thus the ruler of a more 

 extensive territory than even was Herod the Great. 

 He died at Ctrsarea of a painful and incurable 

 malady, 'eaten of worms' (Acts, xii. 23), in the 

 fifty-fifth year of his age, and the 44th of the 

 Christian era. (4) HEROD AGRIPPA II., son of 

 Agrippa I., was at Rome when his father died, 

 and only seventeen years of age. Claudius 

 therefore resolved to detain him for some time, 

 and in the meanwhile re- transformed the kingdom 

 into a Roman province. In 53 A.D. he left Rome, 



