HKYNK 



HEYWOOD 



701 



CHKISTIAX GOTTI.OH, a German classi- 

 oal scholar, won IHM at Clieiiuiitx, in Upper 

 Saxony, U^tli Si-ptrmlier 1721), tlie son of a poor 

 weaver. In spite of extreme poverty and often 

 Absolute hunger, llcvm- struggled perM-vrringly at 

 Leipzig; ami in 17*>.'< IK* nUnim-d the situation of 

 under-clerk in the Briihl library at Dresden. An 

 edition of TUmllus and out- of the Enchiridion of 

 KpicU'tus, which he published about this time, 

 gained for liim the patronage of the celebrated 

 scholar, Ruhnken of Leyden. But the outbreak 

 of the Seven Yean*' War threw Heyne out nf 

 employment, and for some time he led a precarious 

 life, being often without bread, and supporting 

 himself as l>est he could by writing for booksellers. 

 Hut in 1703, on the recommendation of Kuhnken, 

 In- was appointed professor of Eloquence at Gottin- 

 cen, and the rest of his long life was spent in com- 

 fort and professorial activity. By his lectures and 

 the thorough knowledge he displayed of all depart- 

 ments of ancient Greek and Roman life, he was 

 chiefly instrumental in raisins Gottingen to its 

 pre-eminent position as a school of classical study. 

 He is said to have trained more than 130 professors, 

 llcvne died 14th July 1812. His principal works, 

 besides those mentioned, are his editions of Virgil 

 { 1767 ; new ed. 1830 44), Pindar ( 1773), Apollodorus 

 (1782), and Homer's Iliad (8 vols. 1802); numerous 

 translations ; six volumes of Opuscula Academica 

 (1785-1812); and about 7500 reviews of books in 

 the Gottinger Gelehrte Anzeigen, of which he was 

 editor from 1770. Compare the Life of Heyne by 

 his son-in-law, Ludwig Heeren ( 1813), and Carlyle's 

 essay in vol. ii. of the Miscellanies. 



Heyse, PAUL JOHANN, German poet, dramatist, 

 and novelist, was born in Berlin on 15th March 

 1830, and educated at Berlin and Bonn. He was 

 one of the band of writers whom King Max of 

 Bavaria gathered around him in Munich in 1854. 

 Freed from the necessities of earning a livelihood, 

 Heyse has developed an astonishing productive- 

 ness. As a writer of novelettes he is an acknow- 

 ledged master, his work in this department being 

 mostly of the nature of genre-pictures in words. 

 He is not wanting in sly humour, exhibits consid- 

 erable executive skill and fertility of invention, 

 shows artistic attention to details, and writes in 

 a graceful style ; but his work is frequently 

 marred by sensuousness and immoral feeling. He 

 has published more than a score of collections of 

 novelettes under various titles, good specimens of 

 which are contained in Das Such der Freundschaft 

 (1883-84). His poetic works include narrative 

 poems, such as Urica ( 1852), and epics, such as Die 

 Ilr<ntt von Cypern ( 1856) and Tkekla ( 1858). As a 

 dramatist he has been almost as voluminous a 

 writer as in the domain of novels ; but few if any 

 of his dramatic pieces have been unequivocally 

 successful. He has also written a couple of more 

 ambitious novels, Die Kinder der Welt (1873; 7th 

 ed. 1880) and Im Paradiese (1875; 5th ed. 1880), 

 which have leen very warmly praised. Nor is his 

 industry yet exhausted ; he has translated the 

 poetical works of Giusti ( 1875), of Leopardi (1874), 

 and of Parini, Monti, and Manzini (1889). 



Heywood, a municipal town of Lancashire, 3 

 miles E. of Bury and 9 N. of Manchester. It is 

 connected with the Rochdale Canal by a branch 

 canal, and is on the Lancashire and Yorkshire 

 Railway. Incorporated in 1881, Heywood has 

 increased with great rapidity, both in population 

 and wealth, since the beginning of the 19th cen- 

 tury, partly in consequence of extensive coal-mini-^ 

 in the neighlxnirhood and partly in consequence of 

 the enterprise of the Peel family, who introduced 

 there the cotton manufacture. Iron and l>ia 

 founding, boiler- making, and the manufacture of 



cotton, woollens, machinery, railway plant, and 

 chemicals are carried on. The Free Libraries Act 

 wan adopted in 1873 ; and the Queen 'M Park, 20 

 acres in extent, wan opened in 1*7'.). Pop. (1851) 

 12,194; (1881)22,979; (1891)23,286. 



Heywood, JOHN, the epigrammatist, wan Ixirn 

 near St A 1 bans al>out 1497. After hit* Mtnli - .a 

 Oxford he was introduced at court by Sir Thomas 

 More, and soon made himself by hi- merry u it and 

 his skill in music a favourite with Henry \ III., 

 and later with Mary. He uas a devout Catholic-, 

 and on the accession of Kli/.ahcth ln-took himself 

 to Malines, where he died in 1580. )!> \\n>t>- 

 several short plays which he called interlinks. 

 The name had hitherto meant short dramatic 

 pieces performed in the intervals of a banquet or 

 court- pageant, in which the characters were merely 

 personified qualities, but Heywood introduced the 

 novelty of making these individual persons re- 

 present classes, as the Pedlar, the Pardoner, and 

 the like, instead of Youth, Felicity, &c. His inter- 

 ludes thus form an important stage between the 

 old moralities and the modern drama. Among 

 them are Johan, Tub his irife, and Sir Julian the 

 preeste ; A Mery Play betwene the Pardonere and 

 the Frere, the Curate and Neighbour Prutte ; and 

 The Play called the four P's, a new and very Merry 

 Interlude of a Palmer, a Pardoner, a Poticart/, 

 and a Pedlar. His three collections of Epigram* 

 reach the number of six hundred. His longest 

 work is the wearisome allegorical poem, The 

 Spider and the Fly, in which the relative merits 

 of Catholics and Protestants are contrasted. 



Heywood, THOMAS, dramatist and actor, a 

 Lincolnshire man, was educated at Cambridge. 

 He seems to have been writing plays as early 

 as October 1596; and on 25th March 1598 he 

 was regularly engaged by Philip Henslowe as an 

 actor. Of all the old dramatists he was the most 

 prolific. We learn from the preface to The English 

 Traveller that down to 1633 he had ' had either an 

 entire hand, or at the least a main finger,' in the 

 composition of 220 plays ; and he continued for 

 some years after that date to write for the stage. 

 He was also the author of an historical poem, Troja 

 Britannica (1609, folio); an Apology for Actors 

 ( 1612 ) ; Nine Bookes of Various History concerninge 

 Women (1624); a folio of nearly live hundred 

 pages, which was planned, written, and printed 

 within the space of seventeen weeks ; a long poem, 

 with learned and curious annotations, The Hier- 

 archic of the Blessed Angells (1635, folio); a 

 volume of rhymed translations from Lucian's 

 Dialogues, Erasmus, Ovid, &c. ; various mayoralty 

 pageants, and divers tracts and treatises. His pro- 

 jected Lives of all the Poets, Modern and Foreign, 

 was unfortunately never published. In 1624, and 

 again in 1635, he refers to this work ; and we know 

 from Richard Brathwait's Scholar's Medley that 

 he was engaged upon it as early as 1614. The 

 last of Heywood's publications was The Life of 

 Ambros-ins Merlin ( 1641 ). It is usually supposed, 

 but without sufficient evidence, that he was alive 

 in 1648, when he was mentioned in the Satin- 

 against Separatists. 



Twenty -four of Heywood's plays have come 

 down. The best is A Woman ki'lde with Kind- 

 nesse (1607), a pathetic tragedy of domestic life; 

 and with this may l>e coupled The English Tnn-fller 

 (1633), which contains some admirable scenes, but 

 ends somewhat abruptly. Heywood was particu- 

 larly successful in depicting blameless English 

 gentlemen, such characters as Master Frankford 

 in the earlier play and young Geraldine in the 

 later. His work is usually distinguished by natur- 

 alness and simplicity ; but he wrote at the lx?gin- 

 ning of his career one absurdly grandiose play, Tht 



