HILARY 



HILL 



713 



provoked the displeasure of the court party, he 

 was imprisoned, and went into exile in , Phrygia; 

 but he appears again in the Council of Selcucia in 

 359, and Boon afterward* was permitted to retmme 

 possession of hia ttee, where he died in 367. Tim 

 clmivh holds his day on the 13th January. His 

 in.. -i iin|M>i t.-ini work 18 that on the Trinity, but 

 hi* tin.-,' addresses to the Emperor ( 'onstantius, 

 !>y their vehemence, and by the boldness of their 

 language, have most attracted the notice of critics. 

 Hilary's theological writings are especially valuable 

 for the history of the Arian party, and particularly 

 for ili-- doctrinal variations of that sect, and the 

 successive ph.-ises through which it passed between 

 the Council of Nice and the first Council of Con- 

 stantinople. He is often styled ' Malleus Arian- 

 oruin,' and the ' Athanasius of the West,' and was 

 formally recognised as 'universae ecclesue doctor ' by 

 Pius I X. in 18.11. The most celebrated of the hymns 

 attributed to him is the ' Beata nobis gaudia Anni 

 reduxit orbita,' which was early inserted in western 

 liturgies. The English Hilary term begins on the 

 llth and ends on 31st January. 



See two German Lives by Keinkens (1864) and Baltzer 

 (1881); also J. G. Cazenove's Saint Hilary of Poitiers 

 and Saint Martin of To&rs in the series of ' Fathers for 

 English Readers' (1883). The best edition of the works 

 of St Hilary is that of the Benedictine Dom. Coutant 

 (Paris, 1693; new ed. 1844-45). 



Hilary of Aries, ST, was bom about 403, 

 educated at the celebrated monastic school of 

 Lerins, and made bishop of his native city in 429. 

 As metropolitan of Aries (Arelate) he presided at 

 several synods, and especially at Orange in 441, 

 the proceedings of which involved him in a serious 

 controversy with the pope, Leo the Great. A 

 deposed bishop, named Chelidonius, having carried 

 an appeal to Rome, a council was summoned by 

 Pope Leo, at which Hilary was present, and in 

 which the condemnation of Chelidonius, as well as 

 that of another bishop, Projectus, was reversed. 

 Hilary, however, refused to submit to the decision, 

 and soon afterwards quitted Rome a proceeding 

 which drew upon himself a very severe animad- 

 version. He did not question the authority in 

 itself, but he maintained that- it was uncanonically 

 exercised. In the end, however, he sought a re- 

 conciliation with Pope Leo, and the dispute was 

 brought to an amicable termination. Hilary died 

 at Aries in 449, and was canonised, his day being 

 the 5th May. 



Hilda, ST, the patroness of Whitby, was daugh- 

 ter of Hereric, a nephew of Edwin of Northumbria, 

 and was baptised at fourteen by Paulinus. Re- 

 called by Bishop Aidan from her retreat in a French 

 monastery, she became abbess of Heorta or Hartle- 

 pool in 649. In the year 657 she founded the 

 famous monastery at Streoneshalh or Whitby, a 

 double house for nuns and monks, over which 

 she ruled with remarkable wisdom for twenty-two 

 years, dying in 680. Scott's Marmion commem- 

 orates the belief that the fossil ammonites found 

 here were snakes 'changed into a coil of stone' 

 by Hilda's prayers. Her effigy still stands on the 

 ancient seal of Hartlepool, and churches preserve 

 her name both there and at South Shields. 



Hildburghausen, a territory of Saxe-Meinin- 

 gen, one of the Saxon Duchies (q.v.). 



Hildebrand. See GREGORY VII. 



Hildeil. a town of Rhenish Prussia, 8 miles SE. 

 from Dusseldorf , has woollen, silk, velvet,.and carpet 

 manufactures, calico-printing, &c. Pop. 8591. 



Hildesheim, a town in the Prussian province 

 of Hanover, stands on a feeder of the Weser, 24 

 miles by rail SSE. of Hanover. It is to a large 

 extent an antique town, with narrow streets, 

 high-gabled houses (ornamented with bay-win- 



dows and carved woodwork), and many towen. 

 The churches an* tin- immt notable builifinps and 

 first amongst them stands the cathedral, dating 

 from the llth century. It JM ch]*cially intcrchting 

 for its antiquarian and artistic tflMMUW, a* the 

 bron/.; gates (1015) with baft-relief*, tin- church 

 utensils, the so-called Irinin (ii.v.) pillar, a row tree 

 said to be a thousand ears old, tin- bra/en Christ 



pillar (1022), the carillon, &c. The St (J 

 Church (1133-72) and St Michael's are M.l.-ndid 

 examples of Romanesque architecture. Tin 

 called Templar House, the town-house (circa 1440), 

 the lunatic asylum, and certain antique private 

 houses are the most interesting among the secular 

 buildings. Previous to the middle ajje* llil<l<-li<-im 

 was noted for its goldsmiths' work and its cathedral 

 school. The industries of the modern town em- 

 brace sugar-refining, iron-foundries, brick-making, 

 machine-shops, and the manufacture of tobacco, 

 stoves, church-bells, &c. Pop. (1875) 22,o81 ; 

 (1890) 33,481. In 822 the bishopric foundwl 

 by Charlemagne (812) at the neighbouring Elze 

 was removed here, and around this nucleus the 

 town grew up. In the beginning of the 16th cen- 

 tury the bishop fell under the ban of the empire, 

 and for nearly a century the territories of the see 

 were alienated to other princes. Hildesheim first 

 came to Prussia in 1803, and finally in 1866. In 

 1868 a most valuable discovery of old Roman table 

 metal-ware was made in the Galgenberg near 

 Hildesheim. See works by Liintzel ( 1858), Wachs- 

 muth (1863), Lachner (1882), and Cuno (1886). 



Hill, OCTAVIA, a lady whose name is inseparably 

 associated with the improvement of working-men 

 homes in London, was the granddaughter of Dr 

 Southwood Smith, a zealous promoter of sanitary 

 reform, and was born about 1838. Whilst still 

 young she began work amongst the London 

 poor under Frederick D. Maurice ; and in 1864, 

 supported by Mr Ruskin, she commenced her great 

 work of improving the homes of working-men in 

 the slums and dismal alleys of the metropolis. 

 The plans she adopted were based upon the prin- 

 ciple of teaching the people to help themselves, 

 by inculcating in them proper notions of cleanli- 

 ness, order, and self-respect. Her efforts have 

 been crowned with singular success; the houses 

 which have been improved yield a good percentage 

 on the money spent in effecting the improvements ; 

 and hundreds of people have oeen helped to lead 

 more comfortable and better lives. Miss Hill has 

 written Homes of the London Poor (1875), Our 

 Common Land and other Essays ( 1878), and papers 

 in the magazines. 



Hill, REV. ROWLAND, a popular but eccentric 

 preacher, was born 12th August 1744, at Hawke- 

 ston, the sixth son of a Shropshire baronet. 

 Whilst a student of St John's College, Cain- 

 bridge, he fell under the influence of Whitefield, 

 the Methodist preacher, and at once began to 

 tread in his footsteps. All his life through Hill 

 retained his passion for open-air preaching ; and 

 the first ten years after his ordination were spent 

 in itinerant preaching throughout England. But 

 having built for himself Surrey Chapel in Black- 

 friars Road, London, in 1783, he regularly preached 

 there to his life's end ; and, although a Dissenter, 

 he used the services, and regarded himself as a 

 incmlitT of the Church of England, of which he 

 had indeed been ordained a deacon. It i- said 

 that the ' first Sunday-school in the metropolis 

 was established by Rowland Hill soon after the 

 opening of Surrey Chapel.' He died on llth 

 April 1833. Rowland Hill was undoubtedly 

 eloquent and possessed a rich fund of genuine 

 humour, but at times his manner verged upon 

 buffoonery. His Village Dialogue* (1801; 34th 



