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HOADLY 



HOBART PASHA 



Hoadly, BENJAMIN, English prelate, was 

 born at Westerham, in Kent, November 14, 1676, 

 and educated at Catherine Hall, Cambridge, of 

 which he became tutor after taking his degree of 

 M.A. Two years after that event he was chosen 

 lecturer of St Mildred in the Poultry, London, and 

 with this office two years later still combined 

 that of rector of St Peter-le-Poer. Hoadly figures 

 amongst the principal controversial writers of the 

 18th century, ranking amongst the 'rationalists,' 

 and defending the cause of civil and religious 

 liberty against both the crown and the clergy. He 

 carried on a controversy with Dr Atterbury on the 

 extent of the obedience due to the civil power by 

 ecclesiastics in such a way as to secure the applause 

 of the House of Commons. His Low Church prin- 

 ciples made him an opponent of Sacheverell, whom 

 he contended against in the pulpit. As a reward 

 for his attitude in this matter, and for his zeal 

 against the doctrine of non-resistance, he was 

 made a hero of by the Whigs. Through their 

 instrumentality he was in 1710 presented to the 

 rectory of Streatham in Surrey ; and in 1715, when 

 the accession of George I. had secured the triumph 

 of Whig principles, Hoadly was made Bishop of 

 Bangor. In 1717 he preached before the king a 

 sermon on the text 'My kingdom is not of this 

 world,' in which he endeavoured to show that 

 Christ had not delegated his powers to any ecclesi- 

 astical authorities. Out of this originated the 

 famous Bangorian Controversy, regarding which 

 Hallam says that it was ' managed, perhaps on 

 both sides, with all the chicanery of polemical 

 writers, and is disgusting both from its tediousness 

 and from the manifest unwillingness of the dis- 

 putants to speak ingenuously wliat they meant.' 

 The controversy branched off into such a multi- 

 plicity of side-issues, and produced such an extra- 

 ordinary number of pamphlets (in July 1717 alone 

 no less than seventy-four appeared), that the main 

 question became talmost irrecoverably lost in a 

 tangle of extraneous matter. The public excite- 

 ment it created is said to have been so great that 

 business in London was virtually at a standstill 

 for some days. The dispute had, however, one 

 important consequence the indefinite prorogation 

 of Convocation (q.v. ). In 1721 Hoadly was trans- 

 ferred to the see of Hereford, in 1723 to that of 

 Salisbury, and in 1734 to that of Winchester. He 

 died at Chelsea, April 17, 1761. His Collected 

 Works were published by his son in 1773, with 

 Life prefixed. 



Hoailg-llO ( ' Yellow River'), or simply Ho, one 

 of the principal rivers of China, more than 3000 miles 

 in length, rises in the plain of Odontala, south of 

 the Kuen-Lun Mountains, and has a tortuous course, 

 described in the article CHINA, Vol. III. pp. 184, 185. 

 From' the southernmost corner of the province 

 of Chih-li, which it crosses, the Yellow River 

 flowed until recently eastward to the ocean, 650 

 miles distant, in 34 lat. ; but in 1851-53 this way- 

 ward and turbulent stream, which is said to have 

 shifted its course nine times in 2500 years, turned 

 off near Kaifung-foo in a north-easterly direction. 

 Since then it discharges its waters into the Gulf of 

 Pechili, some 500 miles north of its former mouth, 

 the mountainous province of Shan-tung lying 

 between the two. The river is little used for 

 navigation, Chinese vessels being unable to stem 

 its impetuous current. In some parts of its eastern 

 course, as in the case of the Po, the river-bed 

 is above the great plain through which it passes. 

 The embankments requisite for averting inunda- 

 tions are a source of never-ending expense to 

 the government, and their yielding to floods a 

 frequent cause of desolation to extensive districts 

 of country. In 1887, by a dreadful inundation in 

 Ho-nan, ' China's sorrow ' destroyed millions of 



lives. The measures subsequently taken by the 

 Chinese government to regulate the course of the 

 river proved futile. About 170 miles of the upper 

 course of the Hoang-ho were explored for the first 

 time by Prejevalsky in 1880. The vast quantity of 

 sediment conveyed to the sea by this river, giving 

 it its colour and name, is taken up in that part of 

 its course which lies between the provinces of 

 Shan-hsi and Shen-hsl ; beyond which its waters 

 are remarkably clear. 



Hoar-frost. See DEW. 

 Hoarseness. See THROAT. 

 Ilo.it/in. See TOURACO. 



Hobart, GARRET A., vice-president of the 

 United States, was born in Long Branch, New 

 Jersey, in 1844, was educated at Rutgers College, 

 studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1869. 

 He settled in Paterson, New Jersey, and was chosen 

 successively city attorney of that city, prosecuting 

 attorney for Passsaic county, member or the house 

 of assembly of New Jersey, and member of the 

 state senate, of the last of which he was president 

 in 1881-82. An ardent Republican, he was elected 

 to the vice-presidency on the ticket with M'Kinley 

 in 1896. Died in office, November 21, 1899. 



Hobart (till 1881 known as Hobart Town), 

 the capital of Tasmania, stands on the estuary of 

 the Derwent, about 12 miles from its mouth, in the 

 south of the island. The city forms nearly a 

 square, built on several hills, covering an area of 

 about 1300 acres. A fine marine view may be 

 obtained from Mount Pleasant. Besides Govern- 

 ment House, the houses of parliament, and the 

 government official buildings, Hobart has a museum, 

 library, two cathedrals, thirty-five churches, and 

 is well supplied with schools, hospitals, and hotels. 

 The hospital for the insane is at Cascade, 2 miles 

 distant. The water-supply is derived from springs 

 on Mount Wellington. The town is lighted with 

 gas, and tramways have been laid. The park 

 known as the Queen's Domain has fine drives, 

 and covers 1000 acres. In Franklin Gardens, in 

 the centre of the town, are statues to Sir J. 

 Franklin, a former governor of Tasmania, and Dr 

 Crowther. The fine natural harbour and quay 

 accommodate ships of the largest size ; and there 

 are three first-class patent slips. The cooler and 

 more invigorating' air of Hobart attracts large 

 numbers of summer visitors from Australia. The 

 chief industries are the manufacture of flour and 

 jam, tanning, and iron-founding. Hobart has 

 railway communication with Launceston, 133 miles 

 distant, and frequent steam communication with 

 Melbourne (443 miles NW. ) and Sydney, and ports 

 in New Zealand. Founded in 1804, the town 

 was incorporated in 1857. The suburbs include 

 New Town, Queenborough, Wellington, Glen- 

 orchy, Risdon, and Bellerive. About half-a-dozen 

 daily and weekly newspapers are published. Pop. 

 (1871) 19,092 ;( 1891 ) 24,905. 



Hobart Pasha, the HON. AUGUSTUS CHARLES 

 HoBART-HAMPDEN, third son of the Earl of Buck- 

 inghamshire, was born at Waltham-on-the- Wolds, 

 in Leicestershire, on 1st April 1822, and in 1836 

 entered the British navy. He first served against 

 the slavers in Brazilian waters, then in the Baltic 

 during the Crimean war, and there materially 

 assisted in the capture of Bomarsund, in the attack 

 on Abo, and in the bombardment of Sveaborg. 

 Shortly after the conclusion of the war he retired 

 on half-pay. On the outbreak of the civil war in 

 America he, as ' Captain Roberts,' took command of 

 a blockade-runner, and several times got through the 

 naval cordon that the North had established along 

 the coasts of the Southern States, his adventures 

 being most exciting and his escapes marvellous. 



