HOCIIK 



72* 



Hoclie, LA/AUK, one of the moat eminent 

 generals of the Fivnrh Hi-public, wan Iwrn of 

 po.n pan-lit-. -'.">! li . I HIM- ITtis, at Montreuil, a 

 tiiiiltniirx of Versailles. Knlisting at sixteen, he. 

 rapidly obtained promotion l>y his courage and 

 capacity, and was given in 1793 the command of 

 the army of the Moselle, for hi- defence of Dunkirk 

 against the Duke of York. Here he tried to cut 

 on the communication between the Prussians and 

 Austrian*, and, although foiled by the snperior 

 forces of the Duke of Brunswick, yet managed to 

 drive the Austrians out of Alsace. His next im- 

 portant service was putting an end to the civil war 

 in La Vendee, which he accomplished with great 

 prudence and moderation. He was appointed to 

 command the troops in the unfortunate expedition 

 for the conquest of Ireland (1796), but the ships 

 were soon scattered by the storms. Soon after he 

 \va- placed in command of the army of the Sambre 

 and Meuse. On the 18th April 1797 he crossed 

 the Rhine at Neuwied, and had defeated the 

 Austrians in several battles, when his career was 

 stopped by the armistice concluded between the 

 Archduke Charles and Bonaparte at Leoben. After 

 the 18th Fructidor he was suddenly taken ill in the 

 camp at Wetzlar, and died, 18th September 1797. 

 There are Lives by Rousselin (1798), Dourille 

 (1844), Desprez ( 1858 ), and Dutemple (1879). 



Hochelaga, Canada, now a part of Montreal. 



Hocllhcilll, a town of Prussia, in Hesse- 

 Nassau, on the right bank of the Maine, 3 miles 

 E. of Mainz. Here is produced the excellent white 

 wine known as Hochheimtr, whence was derived, 

 before 1625, the English name Hock, now applied 

 loosely to almost any white Rhenish wine. Pop. 

 2804. 



Hocllkirch, or HOCHKIRCHEN, a village in 

 Saxony, a few miles E. by S. from Bautzen, was 

 the scene of .a battle between the Austrians and 

 Prussians (14th October 1758) during the Seven 

 Years' War. Frederick II., with an army of 30,000 

 strong, was attacked under cover of a thick fog by 

 Marshal Daun, with 65,000 Austrians, and com- 

 pelled to retire to the heights of Drehsa. Frederick 

 lost 9000 men killed and wounded and 101 cannon. 

 He and most of his generals were wounded, and 

 Marshal Keith and Prince Francis of Brunswick 

 were killed. The Austrians lost 6000 men. 



II (H hst ;id( . See BLENHEIM. 



Hock. See HOCHHEIM, WINE. 



Hocktide, or HOKETIDE, a popular anniversary 

 which used to be celebrated on the Monday and 

 Tuesday following the second Sunday after Easter. 

 On one day, generally on the Tuesday, the women 

 held the roads and streets, and stopped all men 

 who came their way, and having bound them 

 with cords, only set them at liberty after they had 

 paid a small sum of money. On the other day 

 the men had their turn, and collected from the 

 women. The custom goes back to the 13th century, 

 but became obsolete in the 18th. For a curious 

 survival or reminiscence of the custom still prac- 

 tised at Hungerford, in Berkshire, see Chamoers's 

 Journal, 1888. 



Hodeida, a seaport of Yemen, in Arabia, 

 situated on the Red Sea, whence are exported 

 coffee, hides, cattle, fruits, and mother-of-pearl. 

 Pop. about 20,000. 



Hodge, CHARLES, an American theologian, 

 was born in Philadelphia, 28th December 1797. 

 He graduated at Princeton College in 1815, and 

 in 1822 became a professor in the Princeton Theo- 

 logical Seminary, where he remained till the 

 close of his life. He was founder and long the 

 editor of the Princeton Review ; and besides num- 

 erous essays, &c., he was the author of commen- 



taries on Roman-, ( '<>i inthianH, and Epheaiana, of a 

 history of the Presbyterian Church in America 

 ( 1K40), ami of the well-known Systematic Theology 

 i :< Mil*. 1871-72), now a standard work of the 

 Calvinintic churches. In 1H72 he was presented with 

 a -urn of $15,000, and a professorship bearing bin 

 name was founded in In- honour. He died I'.tth 

 June 1878. See Churl <'x II inly, by !'. L. Patten 

 (1889). His son, ARCHIBALD AUKAm>BB(1898 

 86), succeeded his father at Princeton in 1878. 

 He M'rote Outlines of Theology (1860), work* on 

 the Atonement and the Confession of Faith, and a 

 Life of his father (1880). His Popular Lecture* 

 were published in 1887. 



Hodgkin, THOMAS, D.C.L., born of Quaker 

 stock at Tottenham in 1831, l>ecaiiie a banker in 

 Newcastle, but is known for Italy and her Inraders 

 (vols. i.-vi. 1880-95), and other learned works. 



Hodgkinson, EATON (1789-1861), a Man- 

 chester engineer, became the great authority on 

 iron beams, was professor of Engineering in Uni- 

 versity College, London. 



Hodgson, BRIAN HOUOHTON (1800-95), orien- 

 talist, was born near Macclesfield, entered the East 

 India Company's service in 1818, was Resident in 

 Nepal from 1820 to 1843, and settled in England 

 in 1858. He wrote some 170 very valuable papers 

 on the ethnology, languages, and zoology of \epal 

 and Tibet, sent home 354 MSS. , on which our 

 knowledge of northern Buddhism is mainly based, 

 and made a collection of 10,500 birds. He was 

 F.R.S. , Chevalier of the Legion of Honour, &c. 



Hodograpll (Gr. hodos, 'a way') of a mov- 

 ing particle is the curve passing through the 

 extremities of those lines which, drawn from a 

 fixed point as origin, represent in direction and 

 magnitude the velocities of the particle at the 

 different points of its path. It is a velocity dia- 

 gram of a particular kind. Just as the tangent 

 to the path at any point gives the direction of 

 motion of the particle at that point, so the tangent 

 to the hodograph at the corresponding point gives 

 the direction in which the velocity is changing 

 i.e. the direction of the acceleration. Thus, 

 if the hodograph is a straight line with origin any- 

 where outside it, we see that the acceleration is 

 constant in direction, for a straight line is its own 

 tangent. Another conclusion at once deducible is 

 that the velocity resolved perpendicular to the 

 direction of tke acceleration is always the same, 

 being given by the perpendicular from the origin 

 upon the line. If, in this case, the acceleration is 

 also constant in amount, we obtain the hodograph 

 of the parabolic motion of a projectile. As 

 another simple case, let the hodograph be a circle, 

 centre the origin. Here the speed of the particle 

 in its path must be constant ; and further, the 

 acceleration is perpendicular to the velocity, having 

 the effect of changing the direction only of motion. 

 If, in this case also, the acceleration is given as 

 constant in amount, then the line representing the 

 velocity in direction must rotate uniformly. Hence 

 the path must be such that the angle between the 

 tangents at two points must be proportional to the 

 length of the arc joining them. In technical 

 language, the path must be a plane curve of con- 

 stant curvature i.e. either a straight line or a 

 circle, obviously the latter in this case. Thus, 

 under an acceleration constant in amount and 

 always perpendicular to the direction of motion. 

 and to a fixed direction in space, the particle will 

 describe a circle with constant speed, the radius of 

 the circle being a third proportional to the magni- 

 tude of the acceleration and the speed. The name 

 hodograph was invented by Sir AV. R. Hamilton, 

 who made many elegant applications of its pro- 

 perties to dynamics. In virtue of the aberration of 



