IK M J.MAN AY 



HOHEN8CHWANOAU 



733 



however, in hi* domestic life. In 1820 he married 

 Margaret Phillips, tlie daughter of a tenant- fanner 

 in Annandale, \vlioni he had met at the house of 

 her brother-in-law, Mr (!ruy, one of tlie teachers 

 in tin- High School of Edinburgh. She proved an 

 admiral'lr wife, although she was HOIIIC twenty 

 yearn younger than her husband. Hogg now pro- 

 ilnred in rapid succession a number of works both 

 in verse and prose. Of the former the chief are 

 Mnilor of the moor, The Pilgrims of the Sun, Queen 

 Jh/ntle, and the Border Garland ; of the latter The 

 ''nie of Bwtsbeck, Winter Evening Tales, T/ie 

 Three Perils of Man, and The Three Perils of 

 Woiiutn. It serins doubtful whether he was the 

 ole author, or along with Lockhart the joint- 

 author, of the remarkable Confessions of a Justified 

 Sinner, otherwise known as The Private Memoirs 

 and Confessions of a Fanatic, published in his 

 name. Hog<* was at this time a well-known 

 figure in Edinburgh society ; was the intimate 

 fnend of Professor Wilson, Sir Walter Scott, and 

 Lockhart, although he had his differences with 

 all three ; wrote considerably for Blackwood's 

 Magazine, and was the basis of the famous 

 ' Shepherd ' of the Noctes Ambrosiance. In the end 

 of 1831 he paid a visit to London to arrange for 

 the publication of a complete edition of his works. 

 He remained for some weeks in the metropolis ; 

 was entertained to dinner by the Highland Society 

 of London, and in other ways lionised. He died 

 at Altrive, November 21, 1835. 



Hogg once described himself to Scott as 'the 

 king of the Mountain and Fairy School ' of poetry, 

 and this definition, egotistic though it is, holds 

 good so far as Scotland is concerned. Of his 

 masterpiece, ' Kilmeny,' a leading critic of to-day, 

 Professor Saintsbury, has said that it is 'such 

 poetry as, to take Hogg's contemporaries only, 

 there is none in Rogers or Crabbe, little, I fear, in 

 Sou they, and not much in Moore.' Some of his 

 ballads, such as 'The Witch of Fife,' and a few of 

 his songs, especially ' When the Kye Comes Hame,' 

 belong to the immortal part of Scottish if not of 

 English literature. The late Professor Ferrier's 

 description of Hogg as ' after Burns (proximus sed 

 longo intervallo) the greatest poet that had ever ! 

 sprung from the bosom of the common people ' is 

 now tlie universally accepted verdict of criticism. 

 Hogg's prose is much more unequal than his 

 poetry ; a strong though coarsish humour is its 

 most notable characteristic. 



The chief authorities on the life of Hogg are his auto- 

 biography and Memorials of James Hogg, the Ettrick Shep- 

 herd, edited by his daughter, Mrs Garden (1885). Pro- 

 fessor Wilson prefixed a short Memoir .of Hogg to an 

 edition of his works published after his death. Another 

 edition in two large volumes by T. Thomson appeared in 

 1865. The Memoir of Dr Robert Chambers by Dr William 

 Chambers throws light on Hogg's life in Edinburgh ; and 

 see Mrs Oliphant's William Blnrkwixxl awl his Hans 

 ( IH',17 ). A notable recent criticism of Hogg is Professor 

 Saintsbury 's in his Esmi/8 in Eiujlish Literature (1890). 



Hogmanay, a name applied in Scotland to the 

 last day of the year, the 31st of December, often 

 celebrated with holidav festivities in connection 

 with the New-year's Day. In the Scotland of 

 former days it marked the commencement of a 

 holiday of uproarious joviality, a kind of annual 

 Saturnalia, in which the New Year was ushered in 

 with the most lx>isterous revelry, accompanied by 

 many quaint and time-honoured ceremonies. The 

 origin of this name is altogether uncertain, and 

 many idle etymologies have been offered. These 

 the curious will find in Chambers's Booh of Days. 



Hog-nut. See COB-NUT. 



Hog Plum, a name given in the West Indies 

 to the fruit of certain species of Spondias trees and 

 shrubs of the natural order Anacardiacere, also 



called Spanish Plum and Brazilian Plum. ,V. pur 

 purea and S. lutea are the specie* generally called 

 Hog Plum in the Weat Indie*, becau their fruit* 

 are a common food of hogn, which revel in their 

 abundance. A much-esteemed Bra/ilian dish in 

 prepared of milk, curds, sugar, and the pulp of 

 the fruit of S. tuberosu, from which alxo a refresh- 

 ing beverage is made for use in fevers. 



Hog-rat, or HUTIA (C'///-///*) t a genus of 

 porcupine-like rodents ( Hystricoiiioipha) of the 

 family Octodontidte. The body in from 20 to 22 

 indies long, covered with long very harsh fur, <-.,n 

 sisting of a mixture of black and yellow hairs ; the 

 tail is stout and rounded and slightly hairy, and 

 is used for support in sitting erect or for aid in 

 climbing trees. They are nocturnal or crepuscular 

 animals ; their f<xxl is almost entirely vegetable. 

 Three species are known, two inhabiting Cuba, 

 and one Jamaica, where they are found in large 

 numbers in the dense forests on trees or in thick 

 underwood. The negroes use them for food, captur- 

 ing them by snaring or hunting them with dogs. 



Hogshead, an old English measure of capacity, 

 no longer in use, but equivalent for wine to 63 

 gallons, for ale and leer to 51 gallons. In the 

 United States the word now signifies a large cask. 



Hogue, CAPE LA. See LA HOGUE. 



Hoheillillden, a village of 300 inhabitants in 

 Upper Bavaria, 20 miles E. of Munich, famous for 

 the victory gained there by 70,000 French under 

 Moreau over 60,000 Austrians under the Archduke 

 John, 3d December 1800. Moreau's army took up 

 a position on the plateau between the Isar and the 

 Inn, and the Austrians on the right bank of the 

 Inn. The Austrian main body advanced amidst 

 drifting snow, and attacked the divisions of Grenier 

 and Grouchy with the utmost fury ; but, the French 

 receiving considerable reinforcements under Ney, 

 the assailants were driven back, and, being 

 attacked in the rear, were totally routed. The 

 victory was likewise decided at other points in 

 favour of the French, who were only prevented 

 from pursuit by inclement weather, baa roads, and 

 the short winter day. The Austrians and their 

 Bavarian allies lost 17,000 men and 74 guns; the 

 French had 5000 killed and wounded. Campbell's 

 immortal lyric will keep the details of this battle 

 from ever being forgotten. See Schleifer, Die 

 Schlacht bei Hohenlinden (1885). 



Hohenlohe, a former German principality in 

 Franconia, now comprised chiefly in Wiirtemberg, 

 partly also in Bavaria. 



Hqlicnschwangau, a royal castle in Bavaria, 

 55 miles SW. of Munich, near the right bank of 

 the Lech, and the southern frontier of the king- 

 dom. It stands in a beautiful and romantic 

 district, 2933 feet above sea-level. It was pur- 

 chased in 1832 by the crown-prince Maximilian of 

 Bavaria, who restored it in tlie style of a magni- 

 ficent medieval feudal castle. The interior contains 

 several superb halls decorated with frescoes and 

 wall-paintings by eminent German artists. A 

 castle called Schwansteiu occupied the same site 

 as early as the 12th century ; a second was erected 

 in 1538-47; and the existing building is the third 

 castle. On another crag over against Hohen- 

 schwangau stands the castle of Neuschwanstein, 

 which was built in 1869-71 on the site of the 

 castle originally called Hohenschwangau by King 

 Louis of Bavaria, in the Early Romanesque style. 

 This castle too, a most magnificent and 'romantic' 

 structure, contains superb wall-paintings, and dis- 

 plays the utmost splendour in its internal fittings. 

 It was for some time the favourite residence of the 

 recluse king, Louis II. See Zwickh, Herre*- 

 chiemsee und Neuschtcanstetn (1886). 



