746 



HOLLAND 



of South Holland. This latter province has an 

 area of 1162 sq. m., lying between the German 

 Ocean and the provinces of Zealand, Utrecht, and 

 North Brabant. It had a population of 1,021,880 

 in 1895. The population of both North and South 

 Holland is largely agricultural. It is in these 

 provinces that the best corn is grown, the best 

 cattle reared, and the best dairy produce brought 

 to market. But as the largest towns of the king- 

 dom (Amsterdam and Rotterdam) are also situated 

 in the two provinces, its chief trade and industries, 

 with nearly the whole of its shipping, are carried 

 on in them. 



Holland, originally a fine kind of linen manu- 

 factured in the Netherlands, and now a coarse 

 linen fabric, unbleached or dyed brown, which is 

 used for covering furniture, &c. 



Holland, PARTS OF. See LINCOLNSHIRE. 



Holland, LORD. HENRY RICHARD VASSALL 

 Fox, third Baron Holland, F. R.S., was born at 

 Winterslow House, Wilts, in 1773, and succeeded 

 to the title on the death of his father, the second 

 baron, in 1774. He went to Eton, and thence to 

 Christ Church. He was trained for public life by 

 his celebrated uncle, Charles James Fox, after 

 whose death he held the post of Lord Privy Seal 

 in the Grenville ministry for a few months. He 

 then shared the long banishment of the Whigs 

 from the councils of their sovereign. During this 

 long and dreary interval Holland, to use the 

 language of Macaulay, was the ' constant protector 

 of all oppressed races and persecuted sects.' He 

 held unpopular opinions on the war with France ; 

 strove zealously to mitigate the severity of the 

 criminal code ; made war on the slave-trade ; 

 threw his heart into the struggle against the Corn 

 Laws ; and, although an aristocrat, laboured to 

 extend the liberties of the subject. In 1830 he 

 became Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and 

 a member of the reform cabinet of Earl Grey, and 

 these posts he also held in the Melbourne ministry. 

 He died at Holland House, Kensington, October 

 22, 1840. He wrote biographies of Guillen de 

 Castro and Lope de Vega, translated Spanish 

 comedies, prepared a life of his uncle, and edited 

 the memoirs of Lord Waldegrave. His wife, 

 ELIZABETH VASSALL (1770-1845), daughter of a 

 wealthy Jamaica planter, married in 1786 Sir 

 Godfrey Webster ; but the marriage was dissolved 

 in 1797 for her adultery with Lord Holland, who 

 immediately married her. She was distinguished 

 for beauty, conversational gifts, and autocratic 

 ways ; and till the end of her life her house was a 

 meeting-place for brilliant wits and distinguished 

 statesmen. Their son, the fourth Lord Holland 

 (1802-59), edited two works by his father, Foreign 

 Reminiscences (1850) and Memoirs of the Whig 

 Party (1854). See the Princess Marie Lichten- 

 stein's Holland House (1873). 



Holland, SIR HENRY, physician, was born at 

 Knutsford, Cheshire, on 27th October 1788, and 

 studied at Edinburgh. He wrote a book on his 

 three years' Travels in Albania, Thessaly, settled in 

 London- in 1816, and soon became one of the 

 recognised heads of his profession. In 1828 he 

 was elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Physi- 

 cians ; in 1840 he was appointed physician-in- 

 ordinary to the Prince Consort, and in 1852 physi- 

 cian-in-ordinary to the Queen. In the following 

 year he was created a baronet. His Medical Notes 

 and Reflections, published in 1839, consist of 34 

 essays upon various departments of medicine and 



fsychology ; it has passed through several editions, 

 n 1852 appeared Chapters on Mental Physiology, 

 which are expansions of those essays in his former 

 work which treated of ' that particular part of 

 human physiology which comprises the reciprocal 



HOLLES 



actions and relations of mental and bodily pheno- 

 mena.' Other books from his pen are Essays on 

 Scientific Subjects (1862) and Recollections of Past 

 Life ('1871). Holland died at London, 27th Octo- 

 ber 1873. He was related in different degrees to 

 Josiah W T edgwood, Mrs Gaskell, and Charles 

 Darwin, and married for his second wife a daughter 

 of Sydney Smith. See KNUTSFORD. 



Holland, HENRY SCOTT, preacher and theo- 

 logian, was born at Ledbury, in Herefordshire, in 

 1$47, and educated at Eton and Balliol. He took 

 first-class honours in 1870, and, after having been 

 theological tutor at Christchurch and select 

 preacher, he became canon of Truro in 1882 and 

 canon of St Paul's in 1884. He has published some 

 remarkable volumes of sermons, including Logic 

 and Life (1882). 



Holland, JOSIAH GILBERT, an American 

 author, was born in Belchertown, Massachusetts, 

 24th July 1819, and graduated at the Berkshire 

 medical college, at Pittsfield, in 1844. He soon 

 abandoned his profession, however, and after fifteen 

 months as a school superintendent at Richmond, 

 Virginia, became assistant editor of the Spring- 

 field Republican, of which he was part proprietor 

 also from 1851 to 1866. In 1870, with Roswell 

 Smith and the Scribners, he founded Scribner's 

 Monthly, which he conducted successfully till his 

 death, 12th October 1881. In this magazine 

 appeared his novels, Arthur Bonnicastle (1873), 

 The Story of Sevenoaks ( 1875 ), and Nicholas Min- 

 turn ( 1876 ). His Timothy Titcomb's Letters ( 1858 ) 

 went through nine editions in a few months; and 

 this sale was exceeded by his Life of Lincoln and 

 his most popular poems, Sitter Sweet (1858), 

 Kathrina (1867), and The Mistress of the Manse 

 (1874). Most of his works have been republished 

 in Britain. See the Life by Mrs Plunkett (1894). 



Holland, PHILEMON, styled ' the translator- 

 general of his age,' was born at Chelmsford, in 

 Essex, in 1552. He became a Fellow of Trinity 

 College, Cambridge, and in 1591 took at that uni- 

 versity the degree of M. D. He afterwards practised 

 medicine at Coventry, and in 1628 was appointed 

 head-master of the free school there. He died on 

 9th February 1637. His more notable translations 

 were Livy, Pliny's Natural History, Suetonius, 

 Plutarch's Morals, Ammianus Marcellinus, Xeno- 

 phon's Cyropcedia, and Camden's Britannia. His 

 son, Henry Holland, a bookseller in London, pub- 

 lished Heroologia Anglicana ( 1620) and Basiliologia 

 (1618). 



Hollands. See GIN. 



Hollar, WENCESLAUS (1607-77), etcher. See 

 ENGRAVING, Vol. IV. p. 380. 



Holies, DENZIL, LORD, one of the 'five mem- 

 bers,' was the son of the Earl of Clare, and was 

 born at Houghton, in Nottinghamshire, in 1599. 

 He entered parliament in 1624, and at once joined 

 the party opposed to the king's government. On 

 March 2, 1629, he was one of the members who 

 held the Speaker in his chair whilst resolutions 

 were passed against Arminianism and tonnage 

 and poundage. For this act he was condemned 

 by the Court of King's Bench to pay a fine of one 

 thousand marks, and to be imprisoned in the 

 Tower during the king's pleasure ; he remained 

 there about a twelvemonth. He was one of the 

 members of parliament whom Charles accused of 

 high-treason and attempted to arrest in 1642. On 

 the outbreak of the Civil War he was charged 

 to hold Bristol ; but, dreading the supremacy of 

 the army more than he dreaded the pretensions of 

 the king, Holies was a steady advocate of peace. 

 He was a foremost leader of the Presbyterian 

 pgrty. For having in 1647 proposed to disband 



