HOOCHLV 



HOOKAH 



769 



t<>wn of Stint ipur, it has a southerly course of 64 

 niil.'s t<> Calcutta, nml a further courwe of 81 mile^ 

 in tli>' -.Hue direction to the Bay of Bengal. I'.i-m- 

 A deltaic river, the Hooghly in much subject to 

 being silted up, ami is only kept open to naviga- 

 tion l>y the vigilant exertions of a sin-rial stall' of 

 ii\i-r engineers. Even with all tneir care the 

 .-tream is frequently dangerous, owing to shifting 

 quicksands and moving banks and channels. In 

 spite of these, drawback* vessels drawing 26 feet 

 of water are safely taken up to Calcutta by the 

 Calcutta pilots. At its mouth the Hooghly lias a 

 \\iilili of 1.") miles. The Bore (q.v.) of the river 

 frequently attains a height of 7 vertical feet. See 

 ni.-ip at CALCUTTA. 



lloogllly (Hugli), a city of Bengal Proper, 

 capital of a district, stands on the right or western 

 hank of the river Hooghly, 25 miles by rail north 

 of Calcutta. Pop. (1881) of Hooghly with Chin- 

 sura, immediately to the south, 33,060, mostly 

 Hindus. Here is a college for English and Asiatic 

 literature, founded by a Hindu. 



Hook. See FISH-HOOK. For the HOOK ( HOEK ) 

 OF HOLLAND, see ROTTERDAM. 



Hook. JAMES CLARKE, painter, was born in 

 London on 21st November 1819, his mother being 

 a daughter of Adam Clarke, the Biblical com- 

 mentator. He entered as a student of the Royal 

 Academy in 1836, gained the first medals in the 

 Life and Painting Schools in 1842, and in 1845 was 

 .awarded the travelling studentship of the Royal 

 \cademy for ' Rizpah watching the Bodies of the 

 Sons of Saul.' He returned home after a stay 

 of eighteen months in Italy, and for some time 

 painted scenes from Italian history and literature, 

 mostly connected with Venice, together with some 

 few suggested by Shakespeare's plays and the 

 Bible. Most of these were romantic in feeling, 

 dramatic in treatment, and brilliant in colouring. 

 In 1850 Hook was elected an Associate of the 

 Royal Academy, and ten years later full Acade- 

 mician. In the meantime he had begun to work 

 at subjects connected with the lives or the people, 

 more especially pieces illustrating seafaring life. 

 His powers in this line of study, his most charac- 

 teristic and his best, are illustrated by the 

 'Widow's Son going to Sea,' 'Ship-boy's Letter,' 

 ' Coast-boy gathering Eggs,' ' Luff, Boy,' ' Carting 

 for Farmer Pengelly,' ' Tickling Trout,' ' A Mer- 

 maid,' amongst many others. Mr Hook is also a 

 skilful etcher. See the Art Journal Annual of 1888. 



Hook, THEODORE EDWARD, prince of jack- 

 puddings, was born in London, 22d September 

 1788, second son of the Vauxhall composer, James 

 Hook (1746-1827), by his first wife, the beautiful 

 Miss Madden, who died in 1802. His elder brother, 

 Dr James Hook (1771-1828), became in 1802 

 chaplain to the Prince of Wales, in 1825 Dean 

 of Worcester, and was himself the author of a 

 couple of novels. Theodore's education was almost 

 limited to a year at Harrow and matriculation 

 at Oxford ; but while vet a minor he achieved 

 celebrity as the author of* thirteen successful comic 

 operas and melodramas (1805-11), as a punster 

 and matchless improvvisatvre, and as a practical 

 joker his greatest performance the Berners Street 

 Hoax (1809), which took in the Lord Mayor, the 

 Duke of Gloucester, and hundreds, thousands of 

 humbler victims. Such talents claimed recogni- 

 tion, and in time the ' little pet lion of the green- 

 room ' gained the entrfe of very high society. The 

 Prince Regent himself remarked that ' something 

 must be done for Hook;' and in 1812 that some- 

 thing was found in the post, worth 2000 a year, 

 of treasurer to the Mauritius. There Hook fared 

 gloriously, until in 1818 a grave deficiency was 

 detected in the public chest ; he was arrested and 

 257 



Bent, almost penniWs, to England. An acquaint- 

 ance, meeting him at St Helena, Raid, 'I hope 

 Mm are riot going home for your health.' ' Why,' 

 answered Monk, ' I am sorry to ay they do think 

 there's something wrong in the clietit.' Him--lf 

 he ascriled the 'unfortunate defalcation to a 

 black clerk, who had committed suicide ; anyhow, 

 though criminal proceedings were dropiied, in 

 he was pronounced a crown debtor lor 12,000, 

 and was again sold up and arrested. In 182." he 

 was released from the King's Bench, but not from 

 the dt-lit ; however, he made no effort to discharge 

 it. Meanwhile, in 1820, he had started the Tory 

 John Bull, whose chief aim was to vilify Queen 

 Caroline, and which in its palmy days brought him 

 fully 2000 per annum. Sayings and livings (9 

 vols. 1824-28) yielded other 4000, and nine more 

 three-volume novels followed lietween 1830 and 

 1839 Maxwell, the half-autobiographical Gilbert 

 Gurney, Jack Brag, &c. four of them first appear- 

 ing in the New Monthly Magazine, of which Hook 

 was editor from 1836. So he lived for a time in 



treat style ; and even after debt drove him from 

 t James's (1831) he still dined, diced, drank, and 

 made sport in clubs and titled houses, whilst the 

 woman he had betrayed, the mother of his five 

 children, was left to the loneliness of the cottage 

 at Fulham. Shakespeare has nothing more pitiful 

 than Hook's words to the friend who had caught 

 him in deshabille : ' Well, you see me as I am at 

 last all the bucklings, and paddings, and wash- 

 ings, and brushings dropped for ever a poor old 

 gay-haired man, with my belly about my knees.' 

 e was only fifty-two then, and a week or two 

 later he died, 24th August 1841. He is buried in 

 Fulham churchyard. 



See his Life and Remains, by the Rev. R. H. Dalton 

 Barham (2 vols. 1849), and Lock hart's Quarterly article 

 (May 1843 ; reprinted 1851). 



Hook, WALTER FARQUHAR, ecciesiastical his- 

 torian, was born in London in 1798, son of Dr 

 James Hook, afterwards Dean of Worcester. He 

 was educated at Winchester and Christ Church, 

 Oxford, took orders in 1821, and, after holding 

 some minor preferments, was appointed vicar of 

 Leeds in 1837. Here, mainly by his energy and 

 enthusiasm, no fewer than twenty-one new 

 churches were built in Leeds, as well as twenty 

 three parsonages and twenty-seven schools, while 

 the parish church was rebuilt at a cost of 28,000. 

 In 1859 Hook was made Dean of Chichester by 

 Lord Derby. His leanings towards Tractarian- 

 ism brought him no little unpopularity ; but 

 throughout life he maintained a nigh ideal of 

 devoted churchmanship. He died 20th October 

 1875. A memorial church at Leeds, which c<wt 

 25,000, and was designed by Sir G. G. Scott, was 

 consecrated in 1880. 



Dean Hook's works are An Ecclesiastical Biotiraphii, 

 containing the Lives of Ancient Fathers and Modern 

 Divines (8 vols. 1845-52) ; A Church Dictionary (8th i-<l. 

 1859) ; The Cross of Christ (1873); The Church and it* 

 Onliintnris (sermons, 4 vols. 1876); and Lice* of the 

 Archbishops of Canterbury (12 vols. 1860-76). See his 

 Life and Letters, by W. R. W. Stephens (2 vols. 1878). 



Hookah (from Arabic hitqqa, through the 

 Hindustani ; the Persian kalyun ; also called 

 Nargileh, from Persian nargU), the water tobacco- 

 pipe of Arabs, Turks, Persians, Hindus, and other 

 orientals. It consists of a IM>W! for the tobacco, 

 a water-bottle, and a long flexible tube ending 

 in the mouthpiece. A wooden tube leads from 

 the bottom of the head or bowl down into the 

 water in the bottle, and the flexible tube is con- 

 tinued downwards 1>\- a stilF tulx> into the space 

 above the water in ttie bottle. Thus the smoke is 

 cooled before it reaches the mouth of the smoker. 

 Many of these pipes are beautifully decorated, or 



