776 



HOPE-SCOTT 



HORACE 



in Duchess Street, Portland Place, London, a 

 description of which appeared in his book on 

 Household Furniture (1805). In 1809 he published 

 Costume of the Ancients and Architecture of 

 Theatres, in 1812 Modern Costumes, and in 1819 

 (anonymously) Anastasius, or Memoirs of a 

 Modern Greek at the close of the 18th Century. 

 This last work is his masterpiece, and by many 

 was ascribed to Lord Byron, who was greatly 

 flattered by the rumour. It is certainly a brilliant 

 and erudite performance ; still it wants the 

 dramatic vis of a genuine work of genius. Hope 

 died 3d February 1831, leaving behind him a very 

 heterodox but rather eloquent essay On the Origin 

 and Prospects of Man ( 1831 ), and an Historical 

 Essay on Architecture ( 1835). 



His third son, ALEXANDER JAMES BERESFORD- 

 HOPE, born in 1820, was educated at Harrow and 

 Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated 

 B. A. in 1841. He was twice Conservative member for 

 Maidstone (1841-52, 1857-59), and for Cambridge 

 University from 1868 till his death on 20th October 

 1887. In 1880 he was sworn a privy-councillor, 

 and in 1881 Dublin University created him an 

 honorary LL.D. A zealous High-Churchman, he 

 was the principal founder of St Augustine's 

 missionary college at Canterbury (q.v. ), and 

 published several works on church topics, as well 

 as two novels, Strictly Tied Up (1880) and The 

 Brandreths (1882). He was also a proprietor of 

 the Saturday Review. 



Hope-Scott, JAMES, third son of the Hon. Sir 

 Alexander Hope, and grandson of the second Earl 

 of Hopetoun, was born at Marlow in 1812, and 

 from Eton proceeded to Christ Church, Oxford. 

 He contented himself with a pass degree (1832), 

 but got a fellowship at Merton ; and, called to the 

 bar in 1838, soon made a great parliamentary 

 practice. In 1847 he married Miss Lockhart, on 

 whose succession six years later to Abbotsfprd he 

 assumed the additional surname of Scott ; and in 

 1851 both he and his wife were admitted into the 

 Roman communion. He died in London, 29th 

 April 1873. His Life by Robert Ornsby (2 vols. 

 1884) is specially interesting for the glimpses it 

 gives of men like Newman and Gladstone. 



Hopital, MICHEL DE L'. See L'HOPITAL. 



Hopkins, JOHN. See STERNHOLD. 



Hopkins, JOHNS, was born, 19th May 1795, 

 in Anne Arundel county, Maryland, where his 

 parents, Quakers, gave him a fair education and 

 the training of a farmer. At the age of seventeen, 

 however, he went to Baltimore, there became a 

 grocer, and in 1822 founded the house of Hopkins 

 and Brothers. From the grocer's business he 

 ^retired in 1847 with a large fortune, which he 

 ^employed in banking and railway operations. In 

 1873 he gave property worth $4,500,000 to found 

 a free hospital ; he presented Baltimore with a 

 public park, and he also gave over $3,000,000 to 

 found the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore 

 (q.v.). He died December 24, 1873. 



Hopkins, MATTHEW. See WITCHCRAFT. 



Hopkins, SAMUEL, D.D., born at Water- 

 bury, September 17, 1721, graduated at Yale 

 College in 1741, studied theology with Jonathan 

 Edwards, and from 1743 to 1769 was settled as 

 pastor of Housatonnuc (now Great Barrington), 

 Massachusetts. He then removed to Newport, 

 where he died December 20, 1803. His writings 

 include a life of President Edwards, sermons, 

 addresses, a treatise on the millennium, and his 

 System of Doctrines (1793) ; these were republished 

 with a memoir by Dr E. A. Park at Boston (3 vols. 

 1854) ; and an earlier edition ( 1805) contains some 

 autobiographical notes. Hopkins, who is said to 

 be the hero of Mrs Beecher Stowe's Minister's 



Wooing, was remarkable for his simplicity, devout- 

 ness, and unselfishness. Those who adopt the 

 Hopkinsian theology are not a distinct sect, but 

 are pretty numerous in America, in some of the 

 Christian bodies of which the tenets are generally 

 Calvinistic. They hold most of the Calvinistic 

 doctrines, and even in their most extreme form, 

 but they entirely reject the doctrine of imputation, 

 both the imputation of Adam's sin and of Christ's 

 righteousness. The divine efficiency extends to 

 alj acts whatsoever, and sin itself under the guid- 

 ance of divine providence is merely a necessary 

 means of the greatest good. The fundamental 

 doctrine of the Hopkinsian system, however, is that 

 all virtue and true holiness consist in disinterested 

 benevolence (involving unconditional submission), 

 and that all sin is selfishness the self-love which 

 leads a man to give his first regard even to his own 

 eternal interests being condemned as sinful. 



Hoppner, JOHN, R.A. (1758-1810), was born 

 at Whitechapel of German parents. At first a, 

 chorister in the Chapel Royal, he entered the 

 schools of the Royal Academy in 1775 ; and under 

 the patronage of the Prince of Wales lie became a 

 fashionable portrait-painter and the rival of Law- 

 rence. Elected A.R.A. in 1792 ajid R.A. in 1795, 

 he has been called 'the plagiarist of Reynolds.'' 

 His paintings have suffered from his use of bad 

 mediums ; but his repute has risen, and in 1896 a 

 portrait by him fetched 1800 guineas. 



Horace. QUINTUS HORATIUS FLACCTJS, Latin 

 poet and satirist, was born near Venusiain southern 

 Italy, on the 8th December 65 B.C. His father was. 

 a manumitted slave, who as a collector of taxes or 

 an auctioneer had saved enough money to buy a 

 small estate, and thus belonged to the same class 

 of small Italian freeholders as the parents of Virgil. 

 Apparently Horace was an only child, and as such 

 received an education almost beyond his father'^ 

 means ; who, instead of sending him to school at 

 Venusia, took him to Rome, provided him with 

 the dress and attendance customary among boys of 

 the upper classes, and sent him to the best masters. 

 At seventeen or eighteen he proceeded to Athens, 

 then the chief school of philosophy, and one of the 

 three great schools of oratory, to complete his 

 education ; and he was still there when the murder 

 of Julius Csesar, 15th March 44 B.C., rekindled the 

 flames of civil war. In the autumn of this year 

 Brutus, then proprator of Macedonia, visited 

 Athens while levying troops. Horace joined his 

 side ; and such was the scarcity of Roman officer* 

 that, though barely twenty-one and totally with- 

 out military experience, he was at once given a 

 high commission. He was present at the battle 

 of Philippi, and joined in the general flight that 

 followed the republican defeat ; he found his way 

 back to Italy, and apparently was not thought 

 important enough for proscription by the trium- 

 virate. His property, however, had been confis- 

 cated, and he found employment in the lower 

 grade of the civil service to gain a livelihood. It 

 was at this period that poverty, he says, drove him 

 to make verses. His earliest were chiefly social 

 satires and personal lampoons ; but it was probably 

 from some of his first lyrical pieces, in which he 

 showed a new mastery of the Roman language, 

 that he became known to Varius and Virgil, who 

 in or about 38 B.C. introduced him to Maecenas, 

 the confidential minister of Octavianus, and a 

 munificent patron of art and letters. The friend- 

 ship thus formed was uninterrupted till the death 

 of Ma3cenas, to whose liberality Horace owed 

 release from business and the gift of the celebrated 

 farm among the Sabine hills. From this time 

 forward his life was without marked incident. 

 His springs and summers were generally spent at 



