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HORNE 



HORN-WORK 



with which it is connected by a branch-line (1855). 

 It has a handsome Perpendicular church ( restored 

 1861), a corn exchange (1856), a grammar-school 

 (1562}, and a great August horse-fair, to which 

 Borrow devotes eleven chapters of the Romany Rye. 

 Roman remains have been found here, and in the 

 neighbourhood are Scrivelsby, long the seat of the 

 Dymokes, champions of England ; Winceby, the 

 scene of a Royalist defeat (1643) ; Woodhall Spa, 

 with a salt-spring discovered in 1820 ; and the site 

 of the Cistercian abbey of Revesby ( 1142). Pop. 

 (1841) 4921 ; (1881) 4818. See Weir's History of 

 Horncastle (1820). 



Home, RICHARD HENRY 'HENGisT,'a bright 

 and vigorous writer, born on New-year's Day 1803. 

 He was educated at Sandhurst, but from love of 

 adventure found his way into the Mexican naval 

 service, and took his share in all the fighting that 

 was going at Vera Cruz, San Juan Ulloa, and else- 

 where. After passing through perils of all kinds, 

 from yellow fever, sharks, broken ribs, shipwreck, 

 mutiny, and fire, he reached England in safety, 

 and plunged into a busy life of letters, writing 

 poetry and prose alternately and with equal excel- 

 lence. His famous epic Orion he published at the 

 price of one farthing in 1843, to show his contempt 

 for a public that would not buy poetry. In 1852 

 he went to Australia to dig for gold, and quickly 

 became a person of consequence in the colony 

 of Victoria ; but he returned to England in 1869, 

 dissatisfied with the government's failure to im- 

 plement its obligations. He maintained the same 

 incessant activity almost up to the close of life, 

 his iron constitution braced by the swimming and 

 athletic feats in which since boyhood he had been 

 foremost. He died 13th March 1884. Among 

 his books may be named Exposition of the False 

 Medium, and Barriers excluding Men of Genius 

 from the Public (1833), A New Spirit of the Age 

 (1844), in which he was helped by E. B. Browning; 

 and Australian Facts and Prospects (1859); two 

 tragedies, Cosmo de' Medici (1837) and The Death 

 of Marlowe (1837) ; Judas I scar tot: a Miracle Play 

 (1848); and The Dreamer and the Worker ( 1851 j. 

 Mrs Browning's letters to him were collected in 1877. 

 He took the name Hengist when in Australia. 



Home, THOMAS HARTWELL, biblical critic, 

 born October 20, 1780, was educated at Christ's 

 Hospital, and afterwards became clerk to a bar- 

 rister. His leisure hours were devoted to the study 

 of the Bible, and in 1818 he published his Introduc- 

 tion to the Critical Study and Knowledge of the 

 Holy Scriptures, a work which procured for him 

 admission into orders without the usual prelimin- 

 aries. Subsequently, St John's College, Cam- 

 bridge, granted him the degree of B.D., and the 

 University of Pennsylvania that of D.D. In 1833 

 he obtained a rectory in London ; and he was also 

 made a prebendary of St Paul's Cathedral. In the 

 course of a long life Home published a large num- 

 ber of theological works, and died 27th June 1860. 

 The Introduction became a very popular authority 

 and passed through many editions : an important 

 one was that edited in 1856 by Dr Samuel Davidson 

 (q.v.). See the Reminiscences of T. H. Home, by 

 his daughter (1862). 



Horned Screamer. See SCREAMER. 



Horned Toad, also called Horned Frog and 

 Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum), is really a 

 lizard belonging to the Agamidae ( q. v. ). It is found 

 in Mexico, Texas, Oregon, and California. 



Horned Viper. See CERASTES. 



Horiiellsville, a city of New York, 91 miles 

 SE. of Buffalo by rail, with railway workshops, 

 and manufactures of mowing-machines, shoes, &c. 

 Pop. (1900) 11,918. 



Homer, FRANCIS, was born at Edinburgh, 

 29th August 1778, a merchant's son of mixed 

 English and Scottish ancestry. From the High 

 School he passed at fourteen to the university, and, 

 after three years there, spent two more with a 

 clergyman in Middlesex, there to ' unlearn ' his 

 broad native dialect. On his return (1797) he was 

 called to the Scottish bar, from which in 1802 he 

 removed to the English; and in 1806 entered parlia- 

 ment as Whig member for St Ives. .He had made 

 his mark in the House as a political economist, 

 when, at the early age of thirty-eight, he died of 

 consumption at Pisa, 8th February 1817. There is 

 a statue of him by Chantrey in Westminster Abbey ; 

 but himself he left little to preserve his name, 

 beyond some contributions to the Edinburgh Review 

 (q.v.), of which he was one of the founders. Yet, 

 in Lord Cockburn's words, he was 'possessed of 

 greater public influence than any other private 

 man, and admired, beloved, trusted, and deplored 

 by all except the heartless or the base.' And this, 

 he explains, was due, not to rank, wealth, office, 

 talents, eloquence, or fascination of manner, but 

 merely to ' sense, industry, good principles, and a 

 good heart to force of character.' See fforner's 

 Memoir and Correspondence (2 vols. 1843), and 

 Cockburn's Memorials of his Time (1856). 



Hornet ( Vespa crabro ), the largest species of 

 wasp found in Britain. It is not uncommon in 

 some parts of England, but is not found in Scot- 

 land. It measures 

 about an inch in 

 length, and is pre- 

 dominantly brown or 

 brownish-red, with 

 some yellow on head, 

 abdomen, and wings. 

 The insects lick the 

 sap of trees and are 

 very partial to sweet 

 things, such as fniit, 

 the secretion of 

 aphides, &c. At 

 times, however, they 

 are markedly car- 

 nivorous. The fe- 

 males have for- 

 midable retractile 

 stings. The nest, 

 which is' built in a hollow tree, in an outhouse, 

 or in some other sheltered place, is composed of a 

 coarse papery material manufactured from bark. 

 The community of males, females, and workers is 

 not supposed ever to include more than about 200 

 individuals, all of them the offspring of a single 

 female, which, having survived the winter in some 

 sheltered hiding-place, laid the foundation of her 

 nest in spring. The hornet is common through- 

 out Europe, and is represented in the United 

 States by the Whitefaced Hornet ( V. maculata), 

 also a large species. See WASP. 

 Horning, in Scots law. See EXECUTION. 

 Hornpipe is the name of an English dance, 

 probably named after an obsolete musical instru- 

 ment. Many popular hornpipes are familiar, such 

 as the College hornpipe, &c. Those best known 

 are in common time. 



Horn-Silver. See SILVER, PHOTOGRAPHY. 

 Horiistone, an impure variety of flint, with a 

 very splintery fracture. 



Horn-work, in Fortification, is a capacious 

 form of advanced work formerly much used. The 

 head is a bastioned front, and therefore self-flank- 

 ing, while the sides or branches are flanked from 

 the works in rear. If, instead of a single bastioned 

 front, the work has two bastioned fronts, it is called 

 a Crown-work (q.v.), and if three, a double crown- 



Hornet ( Vespa crabro). 



