IFOWK 



HOWKIJ, 



x 1 5 



, which led u woman once to Hay 4 h 

 was so lorn? laying the clotli that she alway 

 deepaired of the dinner.' But Robert Hall said o 

 him, I have derived more benefit from the work 

 't Mow., than from those of all other divines pu 

 together.' A great admirer of Plato, though with 



out the slightest pretension to the eloquence of th 

 renowned (Jrcrian, he Lore no mean n-srinl.lance t< 

 him in loftineM of niiml, suhlimity of conception 

 ami, above all, in intense admirati'on of all mora 

 \.-ellence.' 'Of the consummate ability witl 

 which In* must have conducted himself no othe 

 proof is needed than the statement of the following 

 facts : that he was often employed in the mos 

 delicate affairs by Cromwell, yet without incurring 

 either blame or suspicion ; without betraying oonfi 

 dence or compromising principle ; that, though ex 

 posed to scrutinising eyes, he left not a rivet of his 

 armour open to the shafts either of malioe or envy 

 and that he could awe Cromwell into silence and 

 move Tillotson to tears ; that he never made an 

 enemy and never lost a friend." His works were 

 published in 1724, 2 vols. folio, with a life by Dr 

 Calamy ; more than one edition has been puhli'shei 

 since. See H. Rogers' Life of John Howe (1836), 

 and the short monograph by R. F. Horton ( 1896). 



Howe, RICHARD HOWE, EARL, admiral, son of 

 Viscount Howe of the Irish peerage, was born in 

 London, 8th March 1726. He left Eton at thirteen, 

 and, entering the navy, served under Anson (q.v.) 

 against the Spaniards in the Pacific. Made post- 

 captain at twenty, he in that same year drove away 

 from the coast of Scotland two French ships convey- 

 ing troops and ammunition to the young Pretender. 

 After serving off the coast of Africa, Howe took an 

 active part in the naval operations of the British 

 during the Seven Years' War, especially distinguish- 

 ing himself by the capture of the island of Chaussey, 

 in the attacks upon the isle of Aix, St Malo, and 

 Cherlnmrg, and in engagements with the French 

 fleet in 1755 and 1759. In 1758 he succeeded to the 

 Irish title of viscount on the death of his brother, 

 George Augustus (1724-58), the brigadier-general, 

 who was killed before Ticonderoga. Appointed a 

 Lord of the Admiralty in 1763, he was promoted 

 two years later to the important office of Treasurer 

 of the Navy. In 1778 he defended the Ameri- 

 can coast against a superior naval force under 

 'Estaing, whom he repelled off Rhode Island. 

 He was made a viscount of Great Britain in 1782. 

 Being sent out the same year to relieve Gibraltar, 

 he disembarked troops, ammunition, and supplies, 

 and then offered battle to the combined fleets of 

 France and Spain, but they, declining an engage- 

 ment, drew off towards Cadiz. Howe was made 

 First Lord of the Admiralty in 1783, and received 

 an English earldom in 1788. When war with 

 France broke out in 1793 he took command of the 

 Channel fleet, and next year gained off Ushant the 

 victory which is known as that of ' the glorious first 

 of June.' The French fleet consisted of twenty-six 

 ships of the line, and the British of twenty-five. In 

 a very short time the latter captured seven of the 

 enemy's vessels and dismasted ten more. Howe's 

 last public service was to bring back to their duty 

 the mutinous seamen at Spithead and Portsmouth 

 in 1797. He died August 5, 1799, leaving the repu- 

 tation of l>eing a thorough seaman, cautious, cool 

 and intrepid in danger, and considerate of his men. 

 He greatly increased the efficiency of the navy by 

 the introduction of a new system of evolutions* and 

 naval tactics. See Lives by G. Mason (1803) and 

 Sir J. Barrow ( 1838). Another brother, WILLIAM 

 (1729-1814), held a command under Wolfe at 

 Quel>ec, succeeded General Gage in 1775 as com- 

 mander-in-chief of the British forces in America, 

 commanded at Bunker Hill, took New York, 

 defeating Washington at White Plains and at 



Brandywine, but wan superseded by Sir Henry 

 Clinton in 1778, for having lout the opport unit v of 

 destroying the American fore.- at Vail* 

 Me sul.-<-.|iientl> IH M rajJOM li'.li..i:if \ ..iMinaii'l- 



in Britain, and succeeded to hix brother ' viscount v 

 in 1799. 



Howe* SAMUEL GJMDLKV, M.D., an American 

 philanthropist, wan born in Boston, November 10, 

 1801, and graduated at Brown University in 1821, 

 and at the Harvard medical school in 1824. He 

 served an a surgeon during the Greek war of inde- 

 pendence from 1824 to 1H'27, organising the medical 

 start' of the ( Jreek army. He then went to America 

 to raise contributions, and, returning with f.xxl, 

 clothing, and supplies, formed a colony on tho 

 isthmus of Corinth. Swamp-fever, however, dn.\- 

 him from the country in 1S30. In 1831 he went to 

 Paris to study the methods ofc educating the blind, 

 and, having become mixed up in the Polish iiiMir- 

 rection, spent six weeks in a Prussian prison. < in 

 his return to Boston he established a school for the 

 blind, his most famous pupil l>eing Laura Bridgman 

 (q.v.). He also established a school for the train- 

 ing of idiots. In 1851-53, assisted by his wife, he 

 edited the anti-slavery Commonwealth, and, after 

 revisiting Greece in 1867 with supplies for the 

 Cretans, he edited in Boston The Cretan. He died 

 9th January 1876. His wife, JULIA WARD Ho\\ i 

 born in New York city, 27th May 1819, became 

 prominent in the worn an -suffrage movement since 

 1869, preached in American Unitarian pulpits, and 

 published, besides narratives of travel and a Life of 

 Margaret Fuller, several volumes of poems, Passion 

 Flowers (1854), Words for the Hour (1857), and 

 Later Lyrics ( 1866), the last the best. In 1861 she 

 wrote the ' Battle-hymn of the Republic.' 



Howell, JAMES, whose Familiar Letters is still 



an English classic, was born in July 1593, son of the 



minister of Ahernant, in Carmarthenshire, studied 



it Hereford and Jesus College, Oxford, and took 



his B.A. in 1613. He then became steward to a 



jlass- ware manufactory, and traversed in its interest* 



iolland, Flanders, Spain, France, and Italy. He 



was next employed abroad on public business in 



1626, became secretary to Lord Scrope at York, was 



returned to parliament for Richmond in 1627. From 



"632 to 1642 he was mainly employed as a royalist 



py ; and in 1642 (when he was appointed an extra, 



lerk to the Privy-council ) he was sent by the par- 



iament to the Fleet, where he lay till 1650. At the 



lestoration the office of historiographer-royal was 



reated for him. He died in 1606, and was buried 



n the Temple church. Hf well was a man 



jf considerable humour, learning, and industry. 



lesides translations from Italian, French, a/nl 



Spanish, he wrote no less than forty-one original 



works on history, politics, and philological matter-. 



le had put his travels to much profit. ' Thank 



jrod,' he says, 'I have this fruit of my foreign 



iravels, that I can pray unto him every day of the 



week in a separate language, and upon Sunday 



n seven." His Instructions for Famine Trawl t 



1642) is still interesting, and is reprinted in Pro- 



essor Arber's series ( 1869) ; and his supplement to 



Jotgrave's French and English dictionary main- 



ains its interest for lexicographers ; but it is 



>y his Epistolm Ho-Eliana- : or Familiar Letters, 



domestic and Foreign ( 1645-55 ; 10th ed. 1737 ), that 



is name continues to be remeinliered. These >li> 



lay not only shrewd sense and brilliant wit, but 



Iso grace and form, and indeed are the earliest 



etters in our language that are really literary. 



Dr Bliss, the erudite editor of Wood'* Athnur Oxoiii- 



tff, intended to edit Howell's Letters; this WM at 



ength adequately done by Mr Joseph Jacobs in 1890. 



Howell's State Trials the name given 

 the series originated by Cobbett in 1809, 



