HOWKA1I 



HI I'.KIJT 



817 



OUB external Hwelling of the throat, and gives 

 prodigious power to the voice, enabling these 

 animals to emit hideous sounds, which can he 

 heard .it I.M-I two miles away, and to which all 

 tln-ii niiiiit^ refer. They live chiefly among the 

 lni nr!n^ of trees, mid take extraordinary leaps 

 from one to another, taking hol<l hy the tail like 

 rn.i-t of tin- American IMittyrrhine monkeys, as 

 readily ax l>y the hands, and often swinging l>\ it 

 alone. They are gregarious, and unite their voices 

 in eoiu-ert, -o as to produce a most deafening noise ; 

 this i* what 1 1 11 in I i|i It and others say, but accord- 

 ing to Wallace it is only one individual at a time 

 \viiich causes all the sound. The monkeys of this 

 genus have a low intelligence, and their brain 

 structure I>ear8 out this view. A howler was 

 lirsi brought alive to Europe and exhibited at the 

 Zoological Gardens, London, in 1863. There are 

 apparently not more than six species. 



llowrall, or HAURA, a town of India, with 

 growing manufactures, on the right or west bank 

 of the Hooghly, directly opposite to Calcutta, of 

 which it is practically a suburb. It is connected 

 with Calcutta by a floating bridge (1874), and is 

 the Bengal terminus of the East Indian Railway. 

 Pop. (1872)97,784; (1881) 105,628; (1891)129,800. 



Howson, JOHN SAUL, dean of Chester, was 

 born in 1816, and in 1837 took a double first-class 

 at Cambridge. Taking orders eight years later, in 

 1849 he became principal of the Liverpool College, 

 and in 1867 (lean of Chester. The complete 

 restoration of the cathedral was in great measure 

 due to his energy and devotion. He died 15th 

 December 1885. With Conybeare he wrote the 

 well-known Life and Epistles of St Paul ( 1852). 



Howth, a peninsula on the east coast of Ire- 

 land, forming the north side of the Bay of Dublin, 

 terminates in a lofty cliff, at the foot of which 

 nestles the village of Howth, the chief fishing- 

 Mat ion on that part of the coast. 



llo\ t on. a district of London, partly in Hack- 

 ney, but mainly in Shoreditch ; the Hoxton division 

 being part of the parliamentary borough of Shore- 

 ditch. 



Hoy ( Scand. ffoey, ' high island ' ), one of the 

 Orkneys, 1$ mile SW. of Mainland or Pomona. 

 It is 13$ miles long, 3 furlongs to 6 miles broad, 

 and 53 sq. in. in area. Unlike the rest of the group, 

 Hoy rises abruptly from the sea, with stupendous 

 dill's that attain 1140 feet in Bracbrough or St 

 John's Head, and 595 in Bervy Hill ; inland are 

 Cuilags Hill ( 1420 feet) and the Ward Hill ( 1564), 

 commanding a splendid panoramic view. The 

 rocks represent both the Upper and the Lower Old 

 Red Sandstone. Near the south end is the fine 

 natural harl>our of Long Hope (5$ x If miles). 

 The ' Dwarfie Stone ' is a sandstone block, 28 feet 

 long, 14$ broad, 6$ high, with a chamber hollowed 

 out of it ; and the ' Old Man of Hoy ' is an insulated 

 pillar of rock, 450 feet high. Pop. (1841) 1486; 

 ( 1 89 1 ) 1 320. See Tudor's Orkneys ( 1 883 ). 



Hoy, a small coasting vessel, differing little, if 

 at all, from the sloop or smack, and often used for 

 conveying goods from a large vessel to the shore. 



Hoylake, a small watering-place of Cheshire, 

 at the extremity of Wirral peninsula, 8 miles by 

 rail W. of Birkenhead. It has a celebrated golf- 

 links, opened in 1869. Pop. of district, 2519. 



Hoyle, EDMOND, the creator of whist, was born 

 in 1672, and is said to have been educated for the 

 bar. Little is known about his life, except that 

 he lived for some time in London, writing on 

 games and giving lessons in whist, and died there 

 on 29th August 1769. In 1742 he published his 

 Short Treatise on Whist, containing the laws and 

 some rules, for which he is said to have received 

 260 



1000, ami which in 1763 reached a 13th edition. 

 See WHIST, and ten articles in Notes and Queries 

 for 1889. 



IlrubaniiH. See RABANUB MAURU& 



llradscliin. See I'KAOUB. 



II ualla ua, a river of IVru, rises near the Cerro 

 de 1'asco, over 14,000 feet above the sea, flows 

 north on the east side of the Central Cordillera, 

 breaks through the range at the gorge of ChaMitu, 

 and enters the Marafion. Its total length is alxtut 

 650 miles ; it is navigable as far as Yurimaguas, 

 above which are falls and rapids. 



Iliiainaiiga. See AYACUCHO. 



Huanaca, or GUANACO ( Lama huanacos ; see 

 LLAMA), a species of the same genus with the 

 llama, vicuna, and alpaca, of which some naturalists 

 suppose it to be the wild original. It is found not 

 only on the Andes, but throughout great part of 

 Patagonia. It is of a reddish -brown colour, the 

 ears and hind-legs gray. It generally lives in herds 

 of ten to forty, and is very quick -sigh ted and wary ; 

 although such is the strength of its curiosity that 

 hunters attract the herds within easy reach of their 

 rifles by lying down on the ground and kicking 

 their feet in the air. Like its congeners, the 

 Huanaco is extremely sure-footed on rocky ground. 



Huancaveli'ca, a department of Peru, lying 

 entirely within the Cordilleras, with an area of 

 8710 sq. m. Pop. 104,155. The climate is cold 

 and raw on the mountains, where sheep, cattle, 

 and llamas are herded, and hot in the deep valleys, 

 where sugar is grown. The chief riches are in the 

 mines, especially of silver and quicksilver. The 

 capital, Huancavelica, 150 miles SE. of Lima, is a 

 dreary mining town in the sierras ; pop. 4000. 



Huaiicliaca, seat of the chief silver mines in 

 Bolivia (q.v. ). 



Hlian'llCO, a department of Peru, with an area 

 of over 13,000 sq. m. Mining and agriculture are 

 the chief industries. Pop. 78,856. The capital, 

 Huanuco, lies in a lovely valley on the Huaflaga, 

 amid plantations of coffee and sugar. It is a 

 bishop s see. Pop. 5300. 



Huber, FRANCOIS, author of a book on the 

 habits of bees, was born at Geneva, July 2, 1750, 

 and died, 22d October 1830, at Pregny near his 

 birthplace. At an early age he lost his eye- 

 sight, but with the assistance of his wife and an 

 intelligent domestic he conducted a number of 

 original and important observations on the habits 

 of Dees. His book first appeared as Lettres d Ch. 

 Bonnet (1792) ; it was reprinted in 1796, and again 

 in 1814, under the title of Nouvelles Observations 

 sur es Abeilles. In his later years he derived 

 important aid from his son, Jean Pierre (1777 

 1841 ), who wrote a valuable treatise on the Habits 

 of Ants (mQ). 



Hubert, ST, Bishop of Liege, was son of Ber- 

 tram!, Duke of Guienne, and was born in 656. Ho 

 lived a luxurious and worldly life, first at the court 

 of the Prankish king Theoderich, next under Pepin 

 of Heristal, but after the death of his wife retired 

 from the world into a monastery, on the advice of 

 Bishop Lambert. Afterwards, when on a pilgrim- 

 age to Rome, he was made by Pope Sergius I. 

 l.ishop of Tongern, and in 708 succeeded his master, 

 Laml>ert, in the see of Maestricht and Liege. He 

 died in 727, and was afterwards canonised : his 

 festival falls on November 3. He has been jwitrtm 

 of orders of knighthood in Bavaria and Bohemia. 

 See the books by Fetis ( 1846), Des Granges ( 1872). 

 and Heggen (1875). In legend and in art, since 

 the 15th century, St Hubert appears as a mighty 

 hunter who was startled into repentance when hunt- 

 ing on Good Friday by the Midden appearance of a 

 stag bearing between his horns a radiant crucih'x. 



