MAMMOTH CAVB 



M A N 



TWmau. 



iMMlbera. Mtn*!"**, 



ce k only 4 Mil* 



.. . . .-. 



riven, and eauracta, 

 rntk* lung, bat it U from 



:...- ji EMM M I.-. M 



Ley' DOOM b * f eet hih, Uw l(tin>t of 

 MV *wtintl halu that piwe lim>U|{li all the 

 leveM. Hum* awnoeB are covered wild a conlinu 

 eee bMRMeatiMi of UM MOM hamltfeJ erytal ; 

 ft al aMltei MM! MahcMiMi abound. Tl.. 

 ever*! kkevor rivw roMected with Unen i:.r 

 oeuide UM rnve, ri.ii.ff with UM nr,. I...1 ulidin K 

 tow slowly, > dial tliey are Kenerally impaMaMp 

 (or nan llian i\ montl.- in OH- year. The large*! 

 it Krno River. lurm (ourUi. ( niilo I.HIK. and in 

 aoeMnlaeeattOfeetwid* The air of UM oave U 

 pere; UM temperature ia eooeUnt at almir 

 TW U aa lalnrate work OB TV J/-yA - 

 K' H. r. Honr ul R. K. C.1 

 M work* du-l t Ctvi; A. S. Packard, 

 iliiili W Ik, M.,mm^M .,,.1 . 



Ml TW r.., K.un. of North Aijwrio. 



VMM. A* UM ram of mankind. the .truclure 

 and fenrUuM iW UM- human lu.lv. ami (I,- 



lein : ( I ) the human charac- 

 , () the origin or deacent of miui. anil (3) 



. . 



activities mart duainctive of man arc di*cuied in 

 pedal Htidea, U ia enough here to reatrict 

 Uon 



;. 



UM antiquity uf the 



(I) uieraciirMtM*. ConaWrrwl lik.- any <>tl,<r 

 ornntMu. man w nirtly tin- lii-li.--t 'of ill.- 

 Primat*-, dilfvrinit fn.m thV anihni|i<iiil aim only 

 ! dtgn*. In ailiilt lifr he i> iinn|ii<- in lib erect 

 Mtara, aixl in the freedom uf hi. Imn.l- (n.rn any 

 Jim-t than- in tocnaiotfaa. Hi* lly U nnuKually 

 Jni, Ua canine teetu are nnl \,tngft than tlivi'r 

 MMllnvra, hi* Uinmla are larger ami nxin- 1>|>|><>-> 

 able than Utoa* of monkry.. HIK! hi* (.-.-I nri- <li 

 UnjptiabMl by UM boriiontal >!< In. 1. r<-M Hatly 

 am UM ground, by UM proM 



h--l. anil l.y id- 



Mi great toe which normallv lira quite 

 UM otbera. Hi* face fa. noul.lv more 

 vwttel than that of ape, lyin K M.iw nud',-r ihan 

 ia front of UM forepart of ihr drain rar : ih jawa, 

 tiwarbila, and the ndgau aU>%r td.-tn arr n-lnti\-ly 

 mallrr ; UM now U>nm |imjfxrl nmrc U-x.iinl ihi> 

 "PI" )* : ""'I '!" Inn i more |irniinfiii tdnn 

 in otner Primates A nmi-li nmrr IIIUIIIIMIIOIIN 

 rlutrarteriaUr, however, ia inv.il.^l in id.- fm-t idnt 

 UM normal brain of an adnlt man i- more than 

 twice a* hmty a* that <>f the nearml monkey., 

 for IhU .trttelaral aftvann- i. mi ii,.|,. x : 

 inlHIerttial and emoUonal development whirh 

 nun* ftro UM M*M many deirrer. alxivp id- 

 br*M, and wtOeJi in iu hijrbeat rrali^.n..,, i. .1,11 

 full of promiM. Therpforr. while all liMtirnliM* 

 allow, vith l'rofeii O<rm. that ihi-rr U -an all- 

 peimding aimiliMde "I Inirturr' ln>t<reen the 

 iMawn body Md tfcal of Ute anthropoid apn., there 



fc LT l ' wl ^5K*' mtellgjw^lwoUon.. 



al controlled n dct man la pre-eminent. 



Bel, apart from UMW mlogfeal eonaideratioiu.. 

 U ta tntOTrtiag to notfee OM UUiatioU rrault. 

 toMDVd to hnman (and especially Hriti.h ) oharar- 

 taMke 4orired If. .in UM Iteport (1000) of the 

 AalttroeemetrM Commit i- .,{ ihr llriti.li Aworia- 

 Uo.. ft**, the a.rra^ |,ril,t ..( ,, U ft ft. 

 *i ta.. UM PolyMaiMM leadin{( UM. way with an 



Ith 



ha. 

 . a eaeat frUVof 38J in., a 



weight of 10 tone 10 II... and u aide to draw, aa 

 in drawing a bow, a weight of 77| Ib. A* to the 

 aexe* (in England', the average male iiUture and 

 weight i 67 38 in. and I.V. Hi., a* against liv! !>."> in. 

 and lift! s Id. for toe women. More< cr. the men are 

 aliut twice aa tri>ng. l-'or further nwulto, many 

 of vvhi-li are of profound practical suggenUvenee*. 

 th- K-I-HI should ! consulted. 



(9) UruitM nr Itftctnt of Man. Even when we 

 (inline our attention to the opinions of thoae who 

 accept the theorv of -volution us a modal explana- 

 tion of nature, we are in fairnem hound to recop 

 one diveisity of opinion in regard to the origin of 

 man. (<i ) So uni'pi- does he ap|>ear to some that 

 hi descent from a hunil.ler oigiiiiism s-ems in 

 cre.lil.le a iiosition in i favour of which some nrgu 

 m-nts will he found in the cited works of A. de 

 Vunlrrfagea. (6) Alfred Kuacel Wallace and others 

 reject the idea of "peciAl cn-ation " for man, as 

 being rnlirely UMBported l>y fact*, a* w-ll as in 

 the highest degree improhahle.' yet helieve that 

 hi. pnigreM from the l.iin- was due to introduction 

 of new cauae*. or ' spiritual influxes,' io which ill- 

 higher human cliaracteristica owe id-ir origin. 



I lie majority of naliilalistx deem this hypo. 

 theai* of s|-ci.il spiritual inllux inconsislcnt with 

 the continuity of evolution, which they regard as 

 a 'natural' process, self sullicicnt throughout, for 



:in of man as for oilier grand results. 

 The nrgiiincnu which go to sdow Ida! man is 

 descended fn.m a simpler animal are. of course, 

 the Mine an those which Milntanliate id- general 

 theory. Thus, djs si met lire ami functions are not 

 d-im.nstralily dillercnt in kind from those of the 

 nearest I'limaU-x : he develops from a fertilised 

 egg-cell, and (.asses through successively didder 

 gi.ides of organisation in a manner which seems 

 only intcrpretahle as the n-capitulatioii of ancestral 

 hilory : he varies as othi-r animals do, is siidjcct to 

 similar dis-aws. and exhihits numerous n-v-r-ions 



anil nidi nlarv structures which are enigmas, 



except on tin- th-ot\ that ho hn<l his origin from 

 an a|M> like slock. How his evolution was drought 

 nlxiut is n pn.lilem ni|uiring much elucidation, hut 

 Riming the s|M?rinl factors which condiiceil to -volv- 



dis higher -darac-t-rislics of vvisd and gentleneM- 



it seem* reasonable to attach mu-d im|>orlance to 

 the necewity for cunning in the struggle with 



*tronger mammals, to id nsci|iicnces of the )iro- 



MMM vvcakm-ss of infancy, to the inlliiences of 

 family life anil of the indisp-nsadle comdimilion 

 into larger aggregate*. A* to the future, if we dis- 

 regnnl minor ehuget e.g. in hair and U-eth, for 

 whi.-d fasdioii and civilisiilion ' are responsihle 

 t *eem almo*t certain, as HerlM-rt S|;nccr ha-s 

 emphasix^l. that the progressive evolution of man 

 must IK- restricted to intellectual and emotional 

 <|iialilien. 



(3) Antit/uiti/ ,,f the liace.Vmm the human 

 remain*, ami far more frequently from tin- WCOIKUIH. 

 l<Kils. and other vextige* of human activity, found 

 in the more nvent d.-|K-it on the earth 's'surf ace, 

 it i* olivi,,u.|y legitimate, after due caution, to 

 infer the pri-scncc of man at the time certainly 



-timal.le in the yean, of any chronological 

 >i when tdi-se U-.U wen- loiindl. Cuvier 

 and others tried, indent, to avoid this conclusion- 

 tor instance, hy exaggerating the |iwer of ||.KH!K 



in mixing up ni--ni d-iHisits; while Id her de 



IVrthe.. who in IK:MI disco\ere,l Hint axes ..ding 

 mamm.iid IMIIM-S in niidistuilMNl HtrntA 20 'M 



IH-II.W ili- surf,,,.,.. | m ,| (o wa j t a |,,,oK| twenty 



for a fair hearing, nml yet longer for de< i-.u',. 

 nrrolnration. lU.ili en- gninml, however, and 

 je oonvenion of naturalist* may IN- data! from 



*w. when I.yell suinm.-iiis-,| il \ 1st ing evidence 



n In. A>,t,,/,,,l,, / .I/,,,,, since td-n the prol.lem 

 IMW heen worke.1 at with ever increasing energy 



