M \NTKr. 



MANZONI 



. l.llr ..( 



-., . ... .-- 



than 00.000 



loo* are employed in UM manufacture of manure, 

 ad of lhi (alter quantity Lundun alone pi.!nce 

 fullv 0,000 ton. annually. 



(/MUM. Peruvian guano wan at one time iin 

 ported (ram the Chinch* Inland* in enoiinon 

 quantities; but the old dc|>.it. are piactically 

 exhausted, and the quality of the m>< avnilalile 

 apply UeomparntneU |-ir i - < .1 \N" b-haboe 

 (on tooth went Africa) guano i till bvpoitad, 

 though in somewhat limited quantity ; Imt it U 

 the rirbn>l available guano. The value of 

 UMM gvano* lie* in the percentage* of nit lop-nous 

 organic matter, ainmonia salt*, phosphates of the 

 alkalie* ami of lime, ami tin- potaith s,tlt which 

 they conUn <f the island- in tin- Soutli 



Pacific yield supplir* of guano, but tliew are 

 alimM purely phophatic, owing to tin- iilnimlant 

 rainfall o( tlmt region having washed out all 

 the amntoniaral Mtlu. I.icl.ig '- Cuano and l.iel.i-- 

 Meat Meal are l>\ pro.iu.-t- from die MMntHO 

 of LieUf** extract of meat. They are in n line 

 late of mechanical dm-ion, ami are valuable 

 Mttreea of nitrogen ami phosphate*, l-'i-h guano 

 U largely piodm-ed in Norway ami tin- north of 

 M from li-h olf.il i - ' Tin- process 



Mpl.iyed h BMtntially (teaming to iemo\<- tin- oil, 

 which in run off with tlw water ; tin- -..lid r.-i.lu.' 

 i* pre*eil and dried. Tin- ni.iniiri.il coniitticnt 

 of thi material are nitrogen ami pho-phate*. 



Dried Blood b another valuable source of nitro- 



gen. Horn powder -li.l.|\ and wool waste, leather 



al-( employed for the same pur- 



I-.-. .' ' :i ..--.: Ilie 



/'Ao-j t/oiira. The coprolitea or Cam- 



bridge. Norfolk, and Suffolk come under this 

 clamiBcalion. an doe* al*> the land pluwphate from 

 the A*hley Baain of South Carolina, and tin- 

 dredged phixi>)iiil>- fnim the A*hli>v and )'<HI|MT 

 In addition to :h.-.- \\i- have Canadian 

 apatite. Sombrero, Navana, Somine, Belgian, 

 Florida, Spani.li. Curacao, and Miirnemii- other 

 pln|>liatn>. Theae are of little value a* manure in 

 their natural and grouml Mate, and arc alinoot 

 rhollv converted into iiiH<rpho~pliat<' l>v tin- ju-tion 

 of iilj.|iiiri<- ai-id, Mhervliy the natnial or trienlcic 

 plHKpdatr .whirh i. in-oliiMe in nt.-i i~ ,.,>, 

 vertoil into the raonocalcic pli..-|,li u.'. \\hi--h i- 

 olable, and therefore readily available to plant*. 



Siilfikiilr of Ammania i* principally <lerivel from 



the destructive .li-tilUtion of coal and iihale (nee 



p. 98, and PARAFFIN). Ita 



aliM depend* it ) m thrpercentJUJrof uniiiionia which 

 ,.n- Tlu aalt nonn-tiiii.-. i-ontniiiH Milpho. 

 Miiiii'iiiiuiii. a Mib>Unce which i- in 

 imiral to plant life. Home expcriinrntaliiiU Mert 

 willi all nmtttiencethat ammonia Mill* mn-i under- 

 inoUion before they can en t<r the plant ; hut 

 intention in MMcely now tenable, 

 .lion U immible in MOM OMB within the 

 plant it~-lf 



Itaf Soda m Chil, SHlt^lrr i* vrry exten- 

 iely imported, and i> -old mi a haul* of BO per 

 cent, nitrate, or '5 per cent, refraction 'i ,,..t 

 more than 5 per rent, of imtHiritim. It in found 

 native in M-v-ml ^...itli Ameiii-a in nn 



(pat* Mat*, and U rrndcred marketable I.-, a 

 praeco f .ln I ion and re rrytlli-my It-, action 

 * a manure i* mm|Hirahl to tlmt of nr 

 lime, nitrate of poU*h. or ulpliate of ainm.ini:t. 

 lU only valuable ooMtitMot U nitric ari.l. while 

 ia the other nitrate* mentioned the liaw i. aUo 



I'ottuti Salt* are of the ntmot w>n-ice to plant*. 

 CaTMorrlav land* tfrnrrally mntain a nflWency 

 of pol*h. while rm-liurn and lij.-bt Miiln r.-,,in,. ,i i., 

 U added. ' ilphatf. and muriate are all 



more or le emploj'ed in com|>iindinK potaxh 



manurea (i.e. inannren containiiiK potaah aa one at 



their iMin-tii in-lit- . hut kainit an impure pot-ax h 

 aalt largely imiKirte<l from Ceniiany is jK-ihap- 

 the moBl generally uneil when a drewinj; of potahii 

 onlv i- denired. 



Liquid Manure may be claraotl with farmyard 

 manure, an it is now very commonly absorbed in 

 the 'court.-' by the xtraw, &c. ( Ici-asionally it i< 

 used in the liquid totm on JZT-.IX* or stubble land. 



I.nlir is our of the most liecr--.-il V constituents of 

 noil* ami manures. It U generally applied 'fresh 

 binned to newly-broken land, or where then- is 

 an executive amount of peat or similar material. 

 Lime in the great corn-/ into plants of other 

 htull" ' which pi to form their organic i iim|>ouii<ls, 

 and during this elaboration organic .u-id- an- 

 loiiniil. IIIIIIIN. if not all, of which would poison 



the plants themselves but for the plesclice. of lillie, 



with which these organic acids combine to form 

 in-oliible non |xii-onoiiH compounds. 



The study ot the subject manures and manuring 

 can IK- most profitably followed in the work- of 

 Lawes an<l Gilbert Yet most of our matiuiial 

 or agricultural BXperimeat* arc but ^ropingM in 

 the dark ; they aie most misleading' and inconclu- 

 sive, mainly U-canse the c-\perimi>iitalisl- have 

 known little or nothing of the eliangex going on 

 in the plant itself, or of the variations in those 

 changCH caiisvil by the amount and intensity of li^ht 

 ami heat. 1'nlil we know more nl>oiit the micio 

 oi^anisim. in the soil, their life-hi tory and func- 

 tions, but little pm^ie.Hs can be made: and until 

 we ha\e cxpciiini'iitalis-tM capable of demonstrating 

 the Innrlioiis, chemical ami physical, of plant-. 

 and the vaiintioiis in those functions with the e\ei- 

 vnrying i-limatic condition.-. Mi-called agricnltaiml 

 research must lead to disappointment. See A' i:i 

 it in I:K. Cii.MfosTs, ROTATION, and SKWACK. 



MainiM-ripts. See r M..I -.n.i; \i-\t\ . CODOC, 



I'AfYIifs. ll.l.t MINATION, WlllTIXC. 

 M:illll/io. See At 1UNK r'.IMTH >N-. 

 MjlllX. See M VN I ISI.K UK). 

 Mail>|lll'S. See 



e\|H.rt- agricultural prollnct- and silver ore. The 

 Hiirroiindinj; country is fertile, but iinhealthful. 1'op. 



ulKlllfJIMKI. . J | .\"|Hirl on the south coast of ( 'lll.ii. 



in a fertile but unhealthfiil locality, .'IT mile- \\ . of 

 lla\aino. It ha-agiMnl harlxiur, aiid CXJK.I I - sii^-ar, 

 Yara tobacco, ami liimU'r. 1'op. l-'iv' i i.-nu. 



ALKSSANDRO, a great Italian writer. 

 " 



Mail/ailillo, ( I ) a line jHirt of Mexico, on the 

 acific coat, :tl miles by rail \VS\V. of Colinia. It. 



won Ixirn at Milan. March 7. I7s.">, of noble paieni-. 

 and through his mother grandson of the celebrated 

 Mari|iiis lleccaria. He published hi- lust poem- m 

 IHOII. married happily in IH10. and s|>ent the next 

 tn in the com|Kisition of the Inm Saari, 

 hcri-<l Ivricx, and a tieati.-e on the leligioiis 1 ba-i 

 of morality, by way of reparation for the unbelief 

 of early \onth. In lM!i he published In 

 trap-<l\. // l',,ntr ,/, ('tmiiiitftiofu, a trumiiet blast, 

 ntici-ni : the xecond, Adelchi, followed in 

 IWA!. Man/oni ' tirxt tragedy hail the bononr to 

 ! defended by <iiM>tlie, 'one genius having divined 

 the other.' Hut the work which gave M an/on i Kino- 

 pean fame i his historical novel, / I'ronuan Stmti, 

 a Milanew ht..ry of the 17th century (3 vols. Milan. 

 1825-6-7 ). The tale abound* in interesting sketches 

 of national and local Italian customs and modes of 

 life, |mitrnyii| with unflagging spirit and humour, 

 while various LTHVC bjctoneaj e\ents are narrated 

 with force and grandeur of style, especially the 

 cpiwnle of the plague in Milan. Mnn/oni's 'noble 



. 



ile. // I ;,/, MaOffio, WIL- in-piled by the death 

 of the great Napoleon. His last year-' were dark- 

 ened by the frequent shallow of death within his 



