MARINES 



MARION 



45 



tively the Royal Marine Artillery and the Royal 

 Marine Light* Infantry. The artillery consists of 

 one division quartered at Eastney, near Ports- 

 mouth ; the uniform, blue with red facings, is almost 

 identical with that of the land artillery. The in- 

 fantry consists of three divisions, quartered at 

 Portsmouth, Plymouth, and Chatham ; their uni- 

 form, scarlet with blue facings, is much the same 

 as that of the line regiments. The officers rank 

 according to seniority with officers of like rank in 

 the army, and are promoted by seniority up to the 

 rank of major, l>eyond which promotion is governed 

 bv selection. The strength of the marine forces is 

 now about 14,000. When serving on board ship 

 they are employed as sentries, and keep regular 

 watch like the blue-jackets when not on guard, 

 assisting in all the duties of the ship, except going 

 aloft ; in action both the men of the marine 

 artillery and of the light infantry are now stationed 

 at the guns conjointly with the blue-jackets, those 

 not employed at the guns being used as a ritle 



1)arty on deck ; they always form part of all naval 

 >rigades landed for service on shore. With a view 

 to their efficient training in gunnery, batteries with 

 heavy guns mounted as on board ship have been 

 constructed at all the marine barracks, where the 

 men are regularly drilled by qualified officers and 

 instructors. All the marine artillery officers have 

 to undergo a special course of training, and since 

 1887 probationary lieutenants for the light infantry 

 have to pass through a course at Greenwich similar 

 to those for the marine artillery, and after joining 

 headquarters undergo a course of instruction in 

 gunnery. Combining the handiness of the sailor 

 with the training of the soldier, the marines 

 are justly regarded as a most valuable body of 

 men. Their officers can lie called upon to sit on 

 garrison courts-martial and to perform general 

 garrison duties, such as field-officer of the day, 

 &c. ; but they mount no garrison guards, and, 

 although they may be called upon by the general 

 in command to take part in field-days and reviews, 

 yet, being entirely under the Admiralty, they 

 occupy a position quite distinct from the regular 

 troops in garrison with them. Marines, like blue- 

 jackets, have the privilege, which the army does 

 not enjoy, of wearing their beards, in barracks as 

 well as when afloat ; and, like the blue-jackets, 

 but again unlike the army, they remain a long- 

 service corps. Under the short-service system, 

 which obtains in the army, it would be impossible 

 to give marines the necessary training ; they are 

 therefore engaged to serve for fourteen years, with 

 the option of re-engaging for another seven years, 

 when they obtain a pension. One result of this 

 is that the Admiralty can always obtain an un- 

 limited supply of recruits ; they are thus able to 

 carefully pick their men, and their standard is 

 much higher than that of the line. For physique, 

 soldierly training, and efficiency no regiment in 

 the army, not even the Guards, can approach the 

 Marine Light Infantry. The marine artillery are 

 even more a picked corps than their brothers of 

 tin.- light infantry, and they require a higher educa- 

 tional standard ; it is admitted that no other army 

 in the world can put on parade so magnificent a 

 body of men as the Marine Artillery Division. 

 One of their battalions in line covers a third more 

 ground than a corresponding line battalion. The 

 bands of the Marine Artillery and Infantry 

 Divisions are among the best military hands in the 

 kingdom, being only, perhaps, surpassed by the 

 bands of the Guards. The Marine Light Infantry 

 takes precedence in the army immediately after the 

 60th regiment of foot. 



The original number of marines was 1200. The 

 third regiment of the line was called the Maritime 

 Regiment, also the Admiral's Regiment. In 1702 



the force of marines had increased to six regiments ; 

 from 1714 to 1739 no marine force existed ; in the 

 latter year it was reconstituted in six regiments, 

 and in 1741 numbered ten. Once more disbanded 

 in 1748, it was in 1755 placed wholly under the 

 Admiralty. Subsequently, however, on the sudden 

 expansion of the fleet for the wars with France, 

 several line regiments were at times called upon to 

 serve as marines. The land artillery was also re- 

 presented in the bomb- vessels, and were so serving 

 in 1804, when their duties were taken over by the 

 Royal Marine Artillery, then first formed. This 

 branch, more than once disbanded since then, 

 according to the views of the Admiralty of the 

 time, and even since 1870 again threatened with 

 disbandment, is now recognised as a cheap, reliable, 

 and most valuable reserve of specially-trained 

 gunners. In the United States the marines serve 

 live years, receiving $13 a month ; if they serve 

 beyond the five years they are paid 18 a month. 

 See Nicolas'sbook ( 1845) ; and Edge, The, Historical 

 Records of the Royal Marines (vol. i. 1893). 



Marilii. GIAMBATTISTA, an Italian poet, born 

 at Naples in 1569. Abandoning jurisprudence for 

 poetry against bis father's will, he was l>efriended 

 by various noble patrons, and was carried by 

 Cardinal Pietro Aldobrandini to Turin, where a 

 poem, // Ritrulto, procured him the office of ducal 

 secretary. At Paris he enjoyed the patronage 

 of Catharine of Valois, and after her death of 

 Marie de' Medici. Here he wrote his l>est work, 

 the Adone ( 1622), and after its publication revisited 

 Italy, and died at Naples in 1025. The licentious- 

 ness that mare his verse was but an echo of his 

 life. His imitators form the so-called Marinist 

 school, of which the essential features are florid 

 hypcrlKile and false overstrained imagery. See 

 GONGORA, and LYLY. 



Marino, a town on the Alban Hills, 12 miles 

 SE. of Rome, has a castle belonging to the 

 Colonnas, who took it from their rivals, the Orsinis, 

 in 1424, and a cathedral and churches with pictures 

 by Guido, Domenichino, and Guercino. It grows 

 wine and manufactures soap, leather, &c. Pop. 6071. 



Mario, GIUSEPPE, the famous tenor, was by 

 birth the Cavaliere di Candia and son of General di 

 Candia. He was born at Cagliari in 1808 (not at 

 Genoa or Turin in 1812), and served in the army for 

 some years. But a youthful escapade led to his 

 forsaking Italy for Paris, where he quickly won his 

 way into the most exclusive circles both by the 

 charm of his manners and his exquisite voice. 

 Having contracted debts, however, he accepted 

 the appointment of first tenor of the Opera, with a 

 salary of 1500 francs per month, changing his name 

 at the same time from De Candia to Mario. After 

 two years' study at the Conservatoire Mario made 

 his debut, on the 2d December 1838, as Robert 

 in Robert le Diable, and achieved the first of a long 

 series of operatic triumphs in Paris, London, St 

 Petersburg, and America. His repertoire embraced 

 all the great works of Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti, 

 and Verdi. By the famous singer Giulia Grisi 

 (q.v.) he was the father of six daughters. In 

 private he was esteemed for his large-handed 

 liberality and for his noble assistance to struggling 

 artists. In his later years after his retirement from 

 the stage he lost his fortune through disastrous 

 speculations. In May 1878 a benefit concert in 

 London yielded him as much as 1000. He died 

 at Rome, llth December 1883. See Eugel s 

 Musical Celebrities (1886). 



Mariolntry. See MARY. 



Marion, capital of Marion county, Ohio, 46 

 miles by rail N. of Columbus, with manufactures 

 of machinery, farming implements, and wooden 

 wares. Pop. (1900)11,862. 



