46 



MARIONETTES 



Marlonrllr*, little joint.-.! pnp|-i- ..i .-! or 

 cardboard. rvprrnenling men. women, an. I animals. 

 1 liy meaa* of conU or upring* by a con- 

 lit. They arc exhibit**! in what are called 

 Marionette theatre*. tin- cvhi :ng hi- 



voice, that a nort of (Iranian. |-Timmnnce in 

 acrompludted. Thin entertainment wa> known to 

 tlir Creek*. anil from them paved to tin- KomaiiK. 

 In modern time* it lum chiefly prevailed in Italy, 

 where it wan known an Faitlofcino, anil In- th-rc 

 reached a very respectable degree of arti-lic \-T 

 It wiu carried to France under Charles 

 an Italian named Marion, whence it (Mimed 

 quickly to England, where it became known an a 

 morion, or motion of pupptti, or />ii/>/*Y > onl\ I . 

 favourite raort of puppet-plays in I-ondon teem* 

 to have been Bartholomew hair, and in KlmiU-iImn 

 time* they appear to have played net piece*. We 

 find alluMon* M frequent- a* to prove wiile popu- 

 larity in Shakeapeare, Ben Jomwin. 1'cp.vB's IHnr>i, 

 and the Enayfota. Marionettes are 

 utill exhibited occasionally, but the only v.-iy 

 familiar marionette |>lay we have it the Piim-li 

 and .liiily i>f our ntreata. A marionette f-'mut 

 had for many generation* been plaved in (Jcrmany, 

 an.l < ..H-ilie tell* a* that it gave him the first sug- 

 gestion of hi* greatest work. In the East the 

 player* are very frequently GvpMim, and it i- a 

 striking fact that Gyp*ie* till show MlioMttei 

 many, and already are ((token of an actom 

 in Scotland in the 16th century. 



Miirlullr. KIIMK, a French physicist, lirn in 

 Hiirj'in.U .liiiiii.- tin- tint half of the 17th century 

 MT i-. not known wa* prior of St Martin- 

 ou* Beaune. and died at Pari*. I'.'ili May 16H4. He 

 i of the earlint memlieni of the Academy of 

 at I'arU, and wrote original pa|>er- MM 

 the nature of air and ita premure, the 

 nta of ftniil hodie* and of |>eiidiiliitii-. on 

 \Vliat in on the Continent called 

 Mariotte'n Law U rather Boyle'* Law, and i* an 

 empirical law tat>-.l by Hoy I.'- ii t .v. ) in his / 

 of tke Doctriiu tnurhimj tlir */>ring and I! . / 

 of tkt Air ( 1009), and by Mniiott.- in hin Ditfonrt 

 nrla Snturr ,lr i .{,r i IrtTi. \\tii. V-KV 



Maiiott.-' collected woik< wen- piihli.h.-d at Ley- 

 .l.-'i in 1717. and at The Hague J .!-, in 17441. 

 Marl|sn. > -ntral county of C'nlifornia, 

 in Nevatla. It contain!) tlie 

 iltey(q.v. ), lieidc a grove of ginnt lriN- 



Area, 1510 M|. in. ; j>)>. 41'Jtt. 

 M:iri. -I IK. .11 (I8.T7-49), Imrn at the Hafrue, 

 toilinl in Franc<-. and wan un of (In- greatest 

 ii of lamlcn|N- Mdnon, 



Onlv lri UIMIII|II. lirotlicr MiiltlnjH' IN.MI IH35; 

 ii.lon ), a Keiire-|HUiitr ; and a younger 

 brnttHT Willeni ill a lnn.l~-n|.j-I 



Mrl4-hnl. See MAKSII \\.. KKITII. 



a modern French Catholic Congrega- 

 tion In.v.) The Marit Father* date from IM.v 

 tfw Maii-i Hrother* from IHI7 i and the Marine 

 HUtor. (..., 



Mnrlllmr Province ( /Vimorrnwi ), part of 

 Mtarn Hiberia, .extending along the Pacific roant 

 from UM fnmtMn of Corea t.. the At, tic Ocean, 



i. a very varying breadth, and 

 730.000 q. m. (more than 3* 

 Urn*, the .i of <;rmany i Tlie variety of climate 

 and prodeetion* i* of cmin* great See 

 KIBE*!* KVM. iiAim. SMIHALIRX. The Mari- 

 time and Amur province* are under one governor- 



whoie headquarter* are at Khabarovka. 

 lit* lane. Hrbri). a river of Europran 

 . ri*e* la the Balkan*, and flow* K by S. 

 pa*t AUippopolk to Adrianople, where it bend. 



MART US 



and flow* S. l>y \V. to the (iulf of Eno in the 

 .Kgmn. It i- -'7<> niiles long, and U na\i^;il>le for 

 mnall hoata to Adrianople. 



Mariupol, or MAKIAMI-OI., the Reni>ort for the 

 wmtli Kii!i:in co'illield, tnixl on the S<-n of A/ov, 

 6S mili-x \V. of Taganrog. It was founded in 

 I77H liy (Ireek i-migrantM from the C'rimea, and 

 ex|M>rtJ< coal, wheat, lin-i-.-d. Vc. to the minimi 

 value .if 1:42.5,000. FiHh-ciiring, soai>-l>oiling, 'and 

 tanning are carrieil on. 1'op. 18,607. 



Marills. ''MI s. a fanionx Koman general who 

 wad seven lime.- .-on-nl. wan born of an oli.-nne 

 family at the village of (Vreatie, near Ar|iinuii), 

 1.17 U. i'. He Mrved with great distinetiuii at llie 

 diege of Niiinantia (184) under the younger Scipio 

 . Vfiieaniis, who i> -aid to have hintol that in him 

 tin- l!.iinans would find a successor to himself. In 

 119 he wa elected tril.une of tlie pleln., and already 

 he had made himself a great popular leader liy hi* 

 vigorous opposition to the- noliles. In 114 lie went 

 to Spain as proprietor, and cleared the country of 

 the roliU-rs who infested it. He now married 

 Julia, the sister of the father of the grcin ' 

 He served' in Africa as legate to (J. (Vciliux 

 Metclhm during the Mar against Jugurtha, and 

 wag elected i-.in.-ul two years after. He took for 

 hi- ino\ inre Nun lid ia, and closed the Jiigurthine war 

 in the Iwginning of 106. The honour of capturing 

 the lieaten king fell to his ipm-stor L. Sulla, and 

 from this jK-riixl dates the liirth of that je:il.nisy out 

 of which were to flow so many horrors. Meanwhile, 

 an immense horde of Cimhri, Teutones, and other 

 northern barbarians had hurst into Gaul, and re- 

 peatedly defeated the Roman forces with great 

 slaughter. Marius was again culled to the con- 

 sulate for the year 104, and for the third, fourth, 

 anil fifth time in the following years, 103-101, for 

 it was felt that he alone could save the republic. 

 The war against the Teutones in Transalpine Gaul 

 occupied him for more than two years: but he 

 linallv annihilated them in a terrible battle of 

 two days' duration at Aiiuic Sextia-, now Aix, in 

 Provence, where 200,000 according to others, 

 100,000 Teutones were slain. After tliis he 

 turned to the Cimhri in the north of Italy, and 

 them he also overthrew at Campi linudii near 

 Vercelhr, with a like destruction ( 101 ). The people, 

 of Home knew no bounds to their joy. Manns 

 wa declared the saviour of the state, the third 

 founder of Home, and was made consul for the 

 sixth time in 100. It lias often Wn remarked 

 that, had he died at this period, lie would have left 

 behind him one of the greatest repntalions in 

 Human history. But to perpetuate his power h 

 stoo|>ed to the liasest arU of the unprincipled 

 demagogue. 



\Vhen Sulla as consul was entrusted with the 

 conduct of the Mithridatic win, Mariu-, who Imd 

 long manifested an insane jealousy of his patrician 

 rival, attempted to deprive him of the command, 

 an.l a civil war l>egan (88). Marius was -oon 

 forced to flee, and, after the most frightful hard- 

 liips, nnd numerous hairbreadth escapes, he 

 made his way to Africa. Two romantic incidents 

 stand out among these days of j)eril. His place 

 Of hiding in the marshes of Liris hud lieen dis- 

 and he had been Hung into prison at 

 Minturn.T, when a Oimbrian slave was sent to 

 Hei.pntch him, Wretch, darest thou slay Caiug 

 Manns? said the old hero as ho glared upon 

 him out of the gloom. Tile slave fled in terror 



ylng. ' I cannot kill Marius,' and the citizens 

 rrcogm.ing the omen allowed the exile to escape. 

 Scarcely had he reached the shore of Africa, 

 when the Roman governor sent him a summons 

 to leave the country. Said Marius, 'Go, tell 

 the pnetor that you have seen Caius Marius a 



