M. \IITIV 



MARTINEAU 



(1810), followed by three others treating of the 

 period of the Fronde. He next joined Paul Lacioix, 

 the 'Bibliophile Jacob.' in hi. vast project for a 

 history of France in 48 volumes, consisting of 

 extract* from hinlories and chronicles from the 

 earliest period to 18.10. He published the first 

 volume in I(CI3, and henceforward toiled al-.n.- nt 

 the vast undertaking, which was competed on a 

 smaller scale in 1830. He now set himself to a still 

 more gigantic task, his great Hutoirt de France 

 (15 vote. 1833-36). A third and much improved 

 edition ( IB vols. 1837-54 ) earned the Gobert pri/e ; 

 the fourth edition ( 17 vols. 1H&Y-<K>) was awarded 

 by the Institute in I860 the great prize of IM.INIU 

 francs. This magnificent work conies down only 

 to 1789; iU continuation to the author's own time 

 formed the less admirable Hutoirt de France 

 Jtfo*rM(9ded. 8 vols. 1878-83). Martin actod for 

 a time as maire of one of the arnmdUaemento of 

 Paris; and was clmsen deputy for Ai-ne in |s7l. 

 senator in 1878. He was elected a member of the 

 French Academy in ISTs. He wrote several minor 

 histories, such as the Hittoire de Soittottt (1837), 

 Haniel Manin (1839). Jtanne d"Arc (1872); and 

 died at Paris. 14th DecemW 1883. Martin was 

 tbe but of Uie giants of French history influenced 

 by Augustin Thierry, who aimed at conipi'-hending 

 the whole field within their range of study. As 

 sensitive to the romantic as Micln-let. he kept his 

 imagination in check by the weight of his learning, 

 the solidity of his MUM, and by due respect to 

 document*. Only in hi* tre.-itme'nt of the earlier 

 period did be give free play to hi* fancy in his 

 reconstruction of a history of Gaul, iu which 

 Drnidum was discovered to be a sublime religion, 

 with Merlin as its prophet, and medieval chivalry 

 but its legitimate outcome. Yet his study of 

 (Vltic antiquities contains much that will remain 

 of the highest value. The whole work reveals 

 impartiality and insight, is excellently arranged, 

 and adiiiiinldy w ritten - the work of a true patriot, 

 and if a Chauvinist, a Chauvinist of genius. It is 

 beyond doubt the liest work dealing in detail with 

 the history of France as a wh.de. 



8ss HM Ul. bjr Hsnotwu (188S). Ifulot'i Somnirt 

 // (IMS), sad Jobs Snoop's Miguel, MtcAeM, 



Martin. -l"iix. painter, was 1mm at Haydnn 

 Bridge, near Hexham, Nortliuiiilx-ilaml. 19th July 

 17X9. In IN06 he went up to I-on.lon. in isos 

 married, and, after a struggling youth as an 

 heraldic and enamel paint<-r. in Is I'.' exhibited 

 Sailak in iwarch of the Wal.'i, of Oblivion 1 at 

 the Ibiyal Acailemy. with which iNxly bo soon 

 ftonrards quarrelled. It wan tbe li'mt of hi. 

 sixteen 'sublime works, whose 'im mensurable 

 sfMea, innumerable multitude*, and gorgeoiix 

 prodigies of architecture and landcA|>e' <livi<h->l 

 the saffnue of the many |H-I\\,.-U Martin and 

 Trer; Balwer l.ytton in,h-.-.l pronoitnee<l him 

 more original, more nelf .lr|K-n<lenl ' than lUphnel 

 and Mirhael Angclol Even >et th.-ir memorv i 

 kept hir i.l by the mlimrr.1 engraving of the ' Fall 

 of lUlnlon' (1X19), llrl.ba/.ur' Foat ' (1821). 

 1 Tin- Itrlii^f ' i \tU\, Ac. For twi-nt> --ven years 

 Martin had aUo been IMIJC.| with prajtoti for the 

 impnrrenwnt of l^.n.l..n. and for (our ha<l IM-.-H 

 ooikinx on four |>icium> illnntrative of the Ijwt 

 JudlfTTvnt. when be dinl at I>ouxla, in the Isle of 

 Man. 17th February 18M. 



Martin. Sin TIII..I-..I:K. born In K.linl.iir-h 

 in iHlfl. ,.a e.lneate.1 thi-re nt the |li-h Sch.K.I 

 and nnivnrnilr. and in IMH 'lllinv 1 in 

 parliamentary 



. ..... 



;.iltH-r' tllU, written In conjunction 

 with i'lofeseur Aytoun. TbU was followed by 



translationn of (Joethe'n Pofnu and Ri/lintx. Hen- 

 rik H.-IU.H Kmii J.'tnt'f Dauglitrr, ami Oehlen- 

 scblager's Corrryto and Aladdin or tfif Wonderful 

 I.itinji. Further metrical tr;m-Unons were of 

 Horace's Ode* (1800). of his whole works (1SS2), 

 Catullus ( 1801), the l'it,i .\n,,,;i of Dante ( iMi-J i, 

 Fniat (i. and ii. 1805 80), Heine (1878), and 

 the .;// , i. vi. Is'.Mi i. In lsC3 be isaued a 

 volume of original and translated IMXMIIS, an. I in 

 1870 an admirable little In.ok on Horace in tbe 

 Ancient Classics for Knglish Headers.' In IsT.'i 

 he wax made (Mi., in 1880 K.C.It., and in N\rin- 

 lier of tbat year was elected Lord ]{ector of St 

 Andrews University. He has written a series of 

 biographies of Aytoun ( 1867), the Prince Consult 

 (5 vols. 1874-80), Lord Lymllmrxt (1883), and the 

 Princess Alice (1885). 



LAHY MAKTIX, well known as an actress by her 

 maiden name, Helen K-m.-ii, wax horn Ilih i iri.il.i-r 

 1S20, and niii.h- ber professional dehut as Julia in 

 tin- Iliinrhlxtrk at Covent Garden in January is:i(i. 

 She was at once successful, took a leading j.art 

 in Macready's Shakespearian revivals, in tin- ln.-t 

 representation of Lytton's plavs, and in lirown- 

 ing's Riot in the Scutcheon ami Straffnrd. As an 

 interpreter of Shakespeare's heroines, Juliet, Hosa- 

 lind, Portia, Iteatrice, Imogen, Cordelia, and I.a.ly 

 M.'i.-lx-th, ghe stood first among the actres-.--. c.f 

 her time. After her marriage to Theodore Martin 

 in 1851 she left the stage, appearing only at 

 rare intervals for public or charitable purposes, as 

 in Beatrice at tbe opening of the Shakespeare 

 Memorial Theatre at Stratford. In 18H.~> sin- pulp- 

 lixhed a volume of delightful studies entitled, On 

 Smite of Shukesptart's female Characters (Ophelia, 



Portia, Di-sd.-nionii, Juliet, I L-.-II. Kn-alind, iinil 



Beatrice). She diexl :il-t October 1898. 



Martina, a town of Southern Italy, half-way 

 between Taranto and Monopoli. Pop. 14,4.">4. 



flarlinran. HARRIET, Wn at Norwich, 12th 

 June I8(r2, was the daughter of Thomas Maitiin-au, 

 a Norwich manufacturer. She received a good 

 classical education, and worked diligently and 

 conscientiously, but did not in her school days show- 

 promise of anything remarkable. Increasing deaf, 

 n.-s and constant ill-health made ber often anxious 

 and unhappy OH a girl, uncertain in temper, and 

 sil.-nt iii butt Her lirst appearance in print was 

 in IS-JI, when she wrote an article for the Monthly 

 '/</, a religions [periodical. In the next few 

 years she w: n*M, articles for 



the Monthly Kefioritory, and short stories almut 

 machinery and wages. In isiiit the failure of the 

 hoii-e iii w Inch she, and her mother and sisters, had 



{'heir money oblige<| her to earn her living, 

 n 1830 she wrote Tradition* of I'li/ixfiiif, an<l 

 gainiil three pri/es for three ThtOtogtad Ksstitjs for 

 the Unitarian Association. In 1H3I she resuhed 

 to bring out a series of stories an Illustration* of 

 I'li/itinit Krnntimy, knowing that the work was 

 wanted. Notwithstanding repeateil refusals and 

 dipMOVragementl from puhlisherN, she pei^even-il ill 

 her plan, ami in 1832 the lirst nnmlper apiteared. 

 A foitnight after puhlicntion the demand for this 

 iiiimlx-r reacheil five thousand, and from that day 

 the way was o|H*n to her for life, and she never had 

 any other anxiety almut employment than what 

 to choose, nor any real care about money, ll.-i- 

 |Hppnlnrity was extraordinary during the appearance 

 of ulvttratitHtt of I'o litinti Economy. She removed 

 t.. London in ls:. the iM-tter to carry <pn her w<irk. 

 In l*:tl she went to Aniericji for two yean, and soon 

 after her r.-tiirn iiuhlished Sncirty bt America and a 

 no>el. Itfrrhrotik, in 1839. She went abroad tin; 

 sapne year, returne<l ill, and settled at Tvnciiioiith, 

 -lie remained, a complete invalid, till 1844. 

 During her illness she wrote The Hour and the 



