74 



MARY I. 



MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS 



With the ditoiceiii li'-r mother her tumbles l>egnn. 



treated herwilli pent hiir-hn-. and c\en 

 foreea her In sign a declaration that In- wa- supreme 

 head of tin- church, ami tli.it her mother'* maiiiage 

 ha.l been * liv (iod's law* ami man - law incestuous 

 lUiil unlawful.' During tin- i.-i.-ti i.l In-r half 

 brnther Edward idie lin-d in i. nn-m. -it, and IKI 

 threat* cotiM induce her to .-.inform to tin- new 

 ri-li^ion. On tin- death of Edwaid Kith July I.Vtf), 

 lie became entitled to the crown liy ln-r fathci's 



testament and llic parliamentary MM --nt. Ttie 



Duke of NortliiiinlN-rUiid h.i.l. however, induced 

 Edward and hi* council In -<-l lleni v '- will aside in 

 f.ivmir Hi l.idv .lane llrey. li> xvlimn the duke liad 

 innrri.il hi* -mi Cuildfoid Dudley. Lady Jane was 

 proclaimnl on loth July, lint tin- whole country 

 u|ieried Nrlhnnilcrlami and favoured Mary, who, 

 Mipl>ortcd liy her fiiiMidx, was nlile without lilool- 

 died to enter London on 3d August in triumph. 

 Tliei|iieen ii. in -!IOM.I| remarkable leniency toward* 

 tier P|HIIICIII. Northumberland Mini two otln-r* 

 were executed n* trnilor*. Inn l.ady .lane and her 

 liii-hnml wi ii 1 , for the present, |>an*<l. She had 

 |n<>iiii->il the mayor of l^indmi that she wouhl not 

 train consciences, and she pruceeiled very gradually 

 and caulioii-ly to 'HIM:.' hack the old icligion. She 

 reinstated the Catholic hi-hop* and impris.ui.il 

 mine nf the leailin^ Heformer*. Imt dared not restore 

 the po|>e's supremacy, and lihe herself retain.il, 

 under the advice of Canliner. the tille of supreme 

 head of the church. Cardinal I'ole was immedi- 

 ately on her aeeearfon di--i.-itai.il ]ut|>al legate, 

 but prudence and the counsel of the emperor pro- 

 vented his ciitciing England. The qnestum of the 

 hour n|Hin which all turned \\..* the queen's mor- 

 ria^e. Soniethonylit of Conrtenny, Earl of Devon ; 

 otlieni of Cardinal I'ole, tln-n only in deacon's 

 onlem : l>nl the ipieen, in the face of the li-.u- nd 

 prut' ts of the nation, ol>-tiiiatelv and nniiliiilly 

 M-t IMT heart on Philip of Spain. 'I In- un|>opiilaiity 

 of the pi.Hi-.il lirou^'ht alnnit tho relK-llion of 

 Wyuit and an attack U|Kin l.<mdon. The rcliellion 

 vat i|iiellel initinlv through the courage and cool- 

 ne<w of the i|iie>-n, nut the con-i.imi'nrc of hi-r ea-y 

 triumph were fatal to her. Tin- h.iph-sx Ijuly Jane, 

 who had wi-iiiin^ly IKI'II detaimil ax a InMajfe for 

 tbe PH| l-hu\ iiiin of In-r frieiidx, wa with IMT 

 liu-luuid and father Inoii^ht to the Mock. The 

 t -- Kli/niieth -wmiih|Mi-ti-d. hut -without proof, 



of complicity in the trca>on, and wan col itt<l iti 



the Tower. liijiinction weie wnt to the lii-hops 

 to rerl their Hlate tinder 

 Henry VIII. In July I.VVI, twelve month* after 

 IMN* neceiwion. I'liilip lainh-d and wan m.iriied to 

 Mary at \Viu.-ln--i'-i In the \., \i-mU-r follow- 

 lg Pole fntiMiil Kn^Uml, and parliament. ha m 

 nuule it ur.- that !.( it ution would not l- e\ac|.l 

 from the owner of the cunlincaleil church pnipcrtv, 

 conente,| to |>etition for ri^vinciliatioii to the holy 

 M, and the realm > .1- n|eiiinlv alp-nlved fmin the 

 papal eKMuro. Koou after, the .av.ix-- :! 'iii'iM 



Xre In tie- ipn-en tin- n.-u f ' IthxHly 



Mary ' ln-jpui I" l-Vi'i llidle\. Laiimei. and olhe'r 

 martyn- ! liiouchl to tin- .ink.-. Cianmcr ai 



in Mmch I.VVI. and I'ole wan <.,,, 

 Archlii. hop of Canteil.iity in hi. place. In 

 ISU Iliilip ha/I left Kn^land. to ri'turn only 

 more for a few week*, and ' .;u.liner died in N.nein. 

 l-r of the .atne year. I'ole wan now left Mipreme 



in llie c.illl|ci|. of the ,,ii'-.-ll. an.l till the p.. i.e. 



caUaa ragwl : ilunni: lli- lal thrw ypom of her 

 reign *nme MO victim* IN-M.),-! in' the flamea. 

 How fr Manr hmrwlf wan rrnnni>i1ile fm the 

 CtMlUw praetfaH |. doiilitfnl. Ilinin^ thix |icrioil 

 he wan rendered almoot h'-lpN-- with ill health. 

 Hhe WM conlnilv delude.) with the l'lief that 

 he wa ahmit to broome n mother, llmken down 

 with ickne, with grief at her huclxuul heart- 



i, ami with dbappointmenl at her childless- 



in-, -he Int-ame a prey to the dee|>est Ini'lancholy. 



Finally tl vils which the nation predicted from 



tiie Spani-h alliance came aliont. The ciueen \\ius 

 induced hy I'liilip to enter U|KIII war wilh Fiance. 

 The conMijiience wim the In-- of Calais to England. 

 Mary di.il 17th Nov,.|,il i I 



s,^- tin- liit4irie-.iifI.iii-.-rd and Kroune; Kti'ilinnl mulrr 

 thf rtifftu of t.'iliriiiri 17. "</ .Vary, by P. F. Tul. r; 

 I'riry 1'urie Kxprnrrt nf tkt Prinrtu Mary, with a 

 iii.-iiii.ir by Sir K. MaHden ; and other braiks cited at 

 Hi MIY VIII., ELIZABKTU, GUET (LADY JANE). 



Mary II. (1602-94), wife from 1077 of William 

 III. (4-v.). 



Mnrv Queen of Sects was the danfrlitor of 



Janie.s V. of Scot In nil liy his sccon.1 wife, Murv 

 of Lorraine, daughter of Claude, Dnke of (iiii-e 

 (<|.v.), and widow of I.onis of Orleans, Dnke of 

 l.on;;ueville. She was bom at Linlitlii;ow on ilie 

 Mli of December 1542. Her inisfortiine* may lie 

 said to have lie^nin with her birth. The tidings 

 reached her father on his denth-lied at l-'alkl.-m.l, 

 but broiij,'ht him no consolation. 'The deil po 

 with it !' he muttered, a liis thou^lits wandered 

 liack to the marriage with Hruce's daii^htor, which 

 brought the cniwn of Scotland to the Stewarts 'it 

 cam with ane loss, and it will pass with aw 

 Marv became a queen liefore she was a week old. 

 WHaia a year the l!e.ui-nt Arrnn hud promised her 

 in niiiiriaf,'e to Prince Edward of England, and the 

 Scottish parliament had declared the promise null. 

 War with England followed, and at Pinkie Clench 

 the Scots met a defeat only Jess ili-ashons than 

 Flodden. lint their aversion to an English match 

 was unconquerable ; they hastened to place the 

 young i|iieen licvond the reach of English arms, 

 on the island of IiK-hmahome, in the Lake of Mcn- 

 teith, and to offer lier in in.-nriiiL'e to the eldest 

 son of Henry II. of France and Catharine de' 

 Medici. The offer was accepted ; and in July l.vis 

 a French fleet carried Mary from Dumbarton, on 

 the Clyde, to Uoscoir, in liiiiiaiiy, whence t-he 

 was at MM conveyed to St tlcrmaiu-cn-Laye, and 

 tln'ie alliance.! to tiie Daii]ihin. 



Her next ten years were passed at the French 

 c-oiii I. where she was carefully ediu-ated along \\ith 

 the king's family, receiving instruction in the nrt 

 .if making verses fnmi the famous Itnnsanl. On 

 the 24th of April I.V>S she was married to th.> 

 Dauphin, who was six weeks yiinngcr than her- 

 K-lf. It wan lu'rced, on the part of Scotland, 

 that her husbonil should have the title of King of 

 Scots; but Mary was further liel rayed into tlu> 

 signature of a secret deed, by which', if she died 

 childless, Inith her Scotti-h realm and her right 

 Of 8UCC-ssioli to the English crown (she was 



the mat-granddaughter ,,f Henry VII.) were i-.ni- 

 vey.il to France. (In the 10th of July l.V,!l the 

 death of the French king i-alled her husband to the 

 throne by the title of Finncis II. The go\ eminent 

 pa-mi int.i the hands of the .|iieii|i's kinsf.dk-, the 

 Dnke of (Jni-e tttd the Cardinal of l,orraiii- ; lint 

 Ihi-ii -inle \va- -holt li\ed. The feeble and sickly 

 king .lied in the flth )f Decemlier 1500, when the 

 reins of power were gni-ped by the nin-eii -mother, 

 Catharine de' M.-dici. as regent for her next son, 

 Charles IX. Mary must have lieen prepnml. under 

 alnix.t any circumstance*, to quit n court which was 

 now M\ n\ed by one whom, during hei brief reign, sin- 

 had taunted with Ix'ing'a merchant's .laughter.' 

 Hut lh. !. were other reasons for her departure 

 from France. Her presence was urgently needed 

 in Scotland, which the death of her mother, a few 

 month* l-'fnre. had left without a government, at 

 a moment when it won eonvulseil by the throes 

 if the Kcfoi unit ion. Her kifWMMI - if (inise had 

 ambitious project* for her marriage ; great schemes 



