MASONRY 



Rvgliah Masqn* (q.v. ) of Elizalicthan ami 

 qaenl lime*. TheMaw|uria ina-ked 1*11 



b a survival of the same ol*nrance; but in them 

 the mak is worn for the puri*e of disguising the 

 idrntity the wearer, as it was in the case of the 

 Man With tb- Iron Mask (see IHO.N MASK). 

 SM DalL il-utt, I ahnU. antt Certain Al 

 CWSMII ( Wellington. 1S.M) ; SsnH. .Varyuft et 

 \ Ftammi. /* Larrit .let 

 , ilotkt* Ton \r*-U*i*ra 



(IMO); 

 Mrjr. 



(17M); and A. R 



aakrlvnr. XEVIL. D.I) . 1 I: s.. astronomer 



ami pli\-i.-it. iiuiMit.ir.il tin- pii-nmtic micrometer, 



WMbo'rn in l-ondon, lilh Oclol.cr I7.'ti Kmni West- 



minster School he |Mm<l to Catharine U.ill. and 



uUeqavntly to Trinity College. Cambridge. when- 



be obtained fellowship in 17 >'>. In 17-~>s In- w.i- 



tlactod a Fellow of the Royal Society, an.l >. - .K.-d 



to devote himself to MtTHMMT. lii 17t>3 lie went 



to IterlMdoe* for the lloanl of LaagJmd* to text 



the newly indented ll.ini-.in chr.Hinnieters, and 



after hi* return iu> <l7tt.t ap|Kiinled astronomer- 



il. During tin 1 forty six yeant thai he liehl this 



olfeee be ac.|inie.l IIMIM-I-M! i,--p .-i liv hi- .liligcn.-" 



and the accuracy of lii- invest ig :iii.>n-, made w\.-r.il 



improvement- in tin- airangcnients an.l employ - 



inrnt of tin- instrument-. nn. I wa tin* lir-t to murk 



the time to tenths .if a second. In 1774 lie visited 



..i. IVrtlpihirc. to make observation* 



induing the.len-itv of tin 1 earth it. OOMMOtlaa 



uilhthat liill iee KUIIIII. Tlie limt 01 lii- v.-ry 



niiiiitT.ni- |nililifniioif> "if. the British Manner i 



!< \ 1763). In I7li7 In- ..iinin.'tircd the .\iiiitn-iil 



'ft fur niHiiiiilinij the 1'lncrt of 



, Af. were piililUhtHl liy the Koynl 



Snriety in 1774. In I77li lie pnxliiced the lirxt 



iliuiK- of the A'triiiniiniriil O' 1 '*' i i-iitiiiiin nunlf nl 



"irh, fitiin lij'i> an 



K -till i-oiiiiniieil. He wan ro-tur 



-lirawanlitH 1 , Snlop. an.l from I7VJ ,if 



!i, Norfolk, ami .li.tl 9lli February 



Ull. 



Maaon. (lEoaoE HKMMI-- \ i: \.. -aa born 



in MAtroriUhim in ISIS. II.- >tn.li...l for the 

 medical profein. Inn in IH44 nluxmloneil it and 

 travelled mi 'li<- < 'ontiii.'iit >ni.lyinx art till |s.">s. 

 II . . ,.rk- w.'ie -The K>. '11111- Hymn' (1868), 

 liirl. |lnrin- !> the S.-i ' (Isti'.M. nn-1 'The 

 H,>. \l ... U...II..M ..... i heart 



on XM O.-t<.l r I >:.'. Hi-> pietnreH hhow 

 |Httll< an.l M. -li .!!.!- of rciliiiir. Sliortlv after hi- 

 death a i-.iil.-.-ii"ii of hi* picture* was exhibited hy 

 tto BarlingUM ( lul.. 



>laon. SIR .l.i-i ui. mannfaotiirer ami philan- 



tlitupint. Inm at Ki.l.leniiin>t>-r. '.>:t.l Kelinifiry 



.. \tfgut lif<* liy wIlinK r:iki- mi tin- ti.'.-t. and 



a/ter tarnini; hi> li.in.l to varinu* einplovm.'iiis 



took ovar toe plil rin lniim~> of Mr llnrri-.m 



il*H) at Itlnniiik-linii: H- l'.-:ni to m.-ike |>MI in 

 M for Pwry *Co., and hi* Undue*, increa^i till 

 he henuite the larmt |M-n maker in the worlil. 

 Partner with Kll.iivt.in in the electro-platina 

 tra<lo (IH42o.'i), he K n\f Mr (afU-rwanU S. 

 sv Sit>men< hi- lit-t tart in life by paying him 

 1900 for a patent ; and he |..ii.l Kruj.|i. foiin.l.T .if 

 the work* at Kon. li.i"l f..r the patent for 

 to roll the metal -blank*' from whi.-h 

 and fork* are made. Mowm etr<-te<| nn.l 

 endowed almhoiio. and an or)>haiintte at Knlinx 

 ton. at a ot of i'-J>Xi.mni. nn.l n- the founder of 

 the JnnUH Marvin Collie at Iliniiinxhnin. He.lii-,1 

 M Brdinyton. June 16, 18X1. See the Memoir by 



-IIHBO). 



MM>n. NVu.i.t \\i. min.ir ]--t. l.nt more famoin 

 M the literary executor of <>ray, wa* burn Min of a 

 YorkaUra clerjrrroan in 178S. .tn.ii.-l at St .(..hnV 

 OotUp, OunurMg*. graduated II. A. in 174.V and 

 a wwn afUr mMml Fellow of Pembroke College 



through the influence of Gray, who had 1 



,-ted to him by his MIM-H* (1747), a |-tio 

 lament for the death of Ho|>e ( 1744), in imitation 

 i<lx. He published later two absurd but 

 ambitious tragedies, Eltmln an.l (,n-ii:l:i.,^ : the 

 J-.'IKI/IX/I i;<irtlcn ( I77'2 'J I. a long and tedious poem 

 in blank \cr-e : and the Mrim-irs <>J tiro;! in 177."., 

 the sei ions defecis of which have at length been 

 demonstrated to all readers through the painstak- 

 ing and honest lal-ours of MrGosse. Mason took 

 orders in 17.VI. and became vicar of A-ton. in York- 

 shire, an.l later also precentor and canon of York, 

 where he died 7th April 17'J7. 



Mason and Dixon's Line is popularly sup- 

 posed to have lieen a line dividing the slaveholding 

 Horn the lion slaveholding states, and to have inn 

 due eiL-t and we-t. In reality it ran for more than 

 one-third of its length U-teen two slave state-. 

 Mainland and Delaware, and a small part of it i-an 

 aic.if a circle. It was run by two English engineers, 

 Clinrles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon. between the 

 years I7(i4 an.l 17(17. for the purpose of settling the 

 disputed boundaries In-tween Marx land on the one 

 side an.l I'CIIIISN Ivania and Delaware on the other. 

 Their instructions wete to liegin at the most ea-terly 

 point on the Atlantic Ocean, and run due west to a 

 point midway lietween the Atlantic and the Ch. 

 peake Hay ;" thence northward, so that the line 

 should liecome a tangent to the north -western 

 iNiundaryof Delaware, which was a circle de-.i i Led 

 from N.-w Castle Court-house as centre, with a 

 radius of VI mile*. The line was then to follow 

 the curve in a westerly direi-ii.ni until it reached 

 a point due north of the point of tniigency : lh. 

 due north until it intersected a line run due we-t 

 from a iMiint !,"> miles s -nth of I'liilndelpliia : and 

 thence ilue west until it intersected a line running 

 due north from the most western source of the 

 r.itomac River. The work was done with such 

 skill and accuracy that a revision in 1S4D, with 

 instruments of much greater precision, disclosed no 

 .nor of inipoitanee. 



Masonry, the art of construction in stone. 

 The earliest existing examples an- among the 

 most magnificent specimen- of the art. No nation 

 ha- excelled the ancient Kgyptians. who did not 

 use mortar in their impoitant structures, such as 

 the pyramids, the joints U-ing all carefully polished 

 and fit till. Cyclopean masonry, of which remains 

 exist in many parts of Greece and Italy, also ex 

 hibits stones of great si/e and with carefully- 

 adjustiil joints. The walls of M\cen:c are among 

 the eailiest examples. These arc built with 

 huge irregular block*, the spares lietween being 

 filled up with smaller stones. The Ktinscan speci 



us are more carefully executed ; the stones are 



not squared, but they are all carefully fitted to- 

 gether. The masonry of the Creeks and Ron 

 very closely resembled that of the piesent da\ : 

 Htilihlr inirk (HJIHS tiirrrttijn), in which the stone* 



aie not regularly coursed: Cottrted-vort, where 

 the joints an- all level, and the stones of ec|na! 

 height ; .\\liliii; resembling the hitler, but built 

 with larger stones carefully drcssiil on the joints. 



Tl ally medieval ma-onry was of very bad 



eonstniction, being, in fact, little better than com- 

 mon rubble, with an occasional use of Herring lione 

 Work. The Normans improved upon this kind of 

 work, but their masonry was also so bad that many 

 of the to, 'is built by them either fell or had to lie 

 taken down. The art gradually improve. I with the 

 advance of Gothic architecture* and ashlar was re- 

 introduced for all important works. The ashlar- 

 work so constantly used in Renaissance buildings 

 has given pine.- to the hummer dressed and squared 



v. Sjiecial materials -, .times produce 



special kinds of work ; thus, in Norfolk anil Suffolk, 



