N 



M \TIIK\VS 



MATTER 



drastic rcmed\ f total alwtincnce. In 183H he 

 began hu crusade, which quickly gn-w U-\.iml the 

 l-'iind- of Cork, iiinl i-\ti-inli-.l to Dublin, In the 

 North, to Liverpool, Mam-holer, London, <;la-gow, 

 and the other chief seal* <if the lii-h population, 

 even in the New \Vorhl it-clf. His success li.nl 

 omething <ii tin- marvellous in its chanu-d-i. The 

 l"ini of engagement partook of the >. h-ioiis, and 

 wa* accompanied hy the premMitntion of a nntlal, 

 to which tin- utmost n*verence was attached by the 

 ii-nt ; and an opinion prevailed among the [io<ir 

 that the mission ui tin- -Apostle ,.i Temperance" 

 was mark. ! liy many miraculous manifestations of 

 tin- assistance uf Heaven. Father Mathew's hitter 

 year* were mbittmd l>y |Hvuniary emharrass- 

 menu, the fruit of his iinlainndcd charity, the enor- 

 inouit expense* connected with his. mission, and 

 perhaps hi* own ini|iniviilent and unworldly habits. 

 A <_ii! l.i-t pension of i"NI was gnatM him in 

 1*47, and a private siih-c'ii|.tion \\ :u - also iai-eil for 

 his relief. The i-ntlm-ia-m for his cause declined 

 aniiil the sufferings of the iMitato famine, anil leather 

 Mat hew died, worn out by his lal>urs, December 

 8, 1856. See Himiet Maitineaii's J!i<>i/,-n/>/tifai 

 SketcAa, ami Lives l, v J. F. Maguire (1803) ami 

 F. J. Matthew (1890). 



Mlllhrws, CHAHI.KS, comedian, was horn in 

 Ixindon. '.Nth June 177*'). ami educated at Mer- 

 chant Taylor*'. His father was a bookseller, ami 

 intended hi- -on to follow the mime 'serious call- 

 ing;' hut his early iiirlinatiuii for the stage over- 

 mine parental counsel, anil lie maile his first appear- 

 ance as an amateur in the |iart of Kichmond at 

 the Richmond theatre in I79.'t, and a- a protVs-ional 

 comedian in the Theatre Hoyal, I>ulilin, the follow- 

 ing y-u. He then served an apprenticeship in the 

 fa. non- Yoik company nmler 'late Wilkinson, and 

 mode hi- first appearance in London on 15th May 

 IS03, at the Haymnrkct, then managed by Ceorge 

 Column. Next year he played at Drnry IJuie, and 

 he afterwarda acted at (Went Cardi-n and the 



HIM : hut he was not satisfied with the clans of 



part (riven to him, and in 1HIS he took up the 



n of ' entertainer ' ami made an immense 



~ ith his 'At Home' and other entertain- 



rnentM. In thin class of business hn parsed the 



remainder of his life, ap|M>arinx frei|iiently in the- 



iirovin<iii and vi-itinn . \niei iea twi,-,.. ||,. ' ,|i,.,| .. lt 



rSinoiith on ijsth June IS.T,. Mathews was a true 



> iih viraonlinary |Mveni of ini|H<iiiona- 



ti.in, entering into the very mind of the IHTSOIIS he 



imitnt.-.!. lie was not merely a ' mimic 'one who 



reproduce* ilditi.-s Rn d ixvuliaritiex: he inu the 



ii hn repreMnted. See his Memoiis 1,\ M,. 

 Mathewii (4 vola. 1H38-39). His son, CH'VKI.KS 

 .1 \MI - b :n -Jiilh lNi-.-iiil.cr ls(i:t; died 'Jlth June 

 91, wan a delightral liht comedian, with no 

 depth "f MUBg. lit with charming jn-acf an.l 

 delicacy. In ls:is he marri-d the fanu.ns Miulainu 



'( Anl'iliiiHjniiiii 



(lite.1 by f'harli". I>i.-k-ll ii\n\^. 1S79). 



Mnthlnx Corvlnnn. s<* MATTHIAS. 



Mnlliililii. ' . nnt.-. of Tuscany, well known 

 in historv thronch her i-on-tant Mpporl c,t |',,|,,. 

 Orej{r.tv \ II, in his hiiii; simple with the Kmpire, 

 wax a daughter of lloniface. ( ount of Tuscany, and 

 of Ix.rraine. and wax liorn in KIKi.' She 

 man Ifn-y i suinamisl tin- Hnnchhack), 



Uiikeof b.rr.iinr. I,., m whom she lived separate in 

 Italy, and afterward", when o\er forty year- of a^e, 

 tlm IM.V liiiclph of Havana. Itoth w'.-ie mei.. alii- 

 MK* of |,liry In KC7 -he mnde a Kift of all her 

 vat [ioUHion t<> the church, a U-qui-st that cansi-d 

 a lon>{ cont.-t. It wa at her caMle ,,f Caniwa that 

 Henry IV. did hi- humiliating penam-e to },. 

 Oregory. F.ur yean, later she alone UKX! by tl,e 

 pop* when llenrj' poured his troop* into Italy, ho 



him with money when he wan bet-i' 

 in Rome, and after his death at Salerno hohlly 

 canied on the war against the emperor. 'The , 

 Countess ' died ill ) 1 !.">. 



>I a III lira. See MUTTRA. 



Matico (Artimtfit eluiKjula), a shrub of the 

 natural order PfpaWMB, a native of Peril, remark- 

 able for the styptic profierty of iu leaves, which 

 are used for stanching wounds, and for other 

 medicinal qualities. 



Matilda, 'the F.mpress Maud' (1103-fi7), was 

 the only daughter of Henry I. (q.v.) of England, 

 married in IIU to the Kmperor Henry \'.. and 

 after his death in 1128 to Geoffrey of Anjon, by 

 whom he became mother of Henry, afterwimfs 

 Henry II. (q.v.) of England. There wu civil war 

 lH-twen her and Stephen (q.v.) from li:l till 1H7. 



.MatillS. See HlIKVIARY. 



ll;if lork. a Derbyshire parish. 1" miles N. by 

 ^'. of Derby, containing >IatlK-k IJath, .Matlm-k 

 Bridge, Matlock town, ami MatliH-k Hank, which 

 extend for about 2 miles along the ntmnitlic \alley 

 of the Derwent. Matlock Hath is noted for a huge 

 lime-tree and for its hot springs, of li.s I-'., the 

 waters of which are largely charged with caihonic 

 acid, and were first used for curative purposes in 

 1698. At Matlock Hank are several hydropathics, 

 the earliest dating from 1851 ; and together the four 

 Mat locks have a dozen hotels. Among the lions of 

 this lieautiful neighbourhood aie the Hi^h Tor 

 (400 feet), the Heights of Abraham and the Musson 

 ( II 10 feet ), and a number of large stalactite cavci us 

 with 'petrifying' wells. There are manufactures 

 of cotton. pa|-r, and spar ornaments. Pop of 

 Matlock town ( 18X1) 439f> and (1891) 5285 ; of Slat- 

 lock Hath (1XN1) 1098 and (1891) 1846. 



Matrlarchate. See FAMILY. 



llat Mllliai. a seaport of Japan, situated at the 

 oath-wee) extremity of the island of Vesso ( Vezo), 

 at the western entrance to the Strait of Tsugarii. 

 Formerly the principal town of the island, it has 

 in recent times lieen oiltstiip|M'd by its more suc- 

 cessful rival Hakodate. 1'op. (1894') 34. :>_;. 



Matsvs. or MASSES. (.ifKXTlx, Flemish painter, 

 Wn at Loin ain aUmt 14tj(>, was originally, accord- 

 ing to a legend long current, a blacksmith who 

 turned artist. However the connection lie ex- 

 plained, it is certain that he settled in Antwerp in 

 1491, anil was in that year admitted a memlicr of 

 the painters' guild of St Luke, and died in that 

 city in 1530 or 1531. He forms a connecting link 

 between the school of the Van V.\ cks and the later 

 lealistic Dutch school. His pictures ale mostly 

 religious, treated with a reveient spirit, but with 

 decided touches of realism, and are remai kaKle for 

 their glow of colour, their absence of light and 

 shade, and their exquisite finish, especially in 

 minor details. An altarpiece representing tin- 

 Virgin and Child, painted for the cathedral of 

 l.onvain ; another for the cathedral of Antwerp, 

 the Iturial of Christ," flanked by the 'Martyrdom 

 of John the Haptist* and the 'Maityidom of John 

 I he Evangelist ;' and two other examples of the 

 Virgin and Child are his liest religious pictures. 



Such genre pi s ,,s Tne Money changers,' ' The 



Gaoler,' and othen exhibit his realistic tendencies. 

 Mats\s,,U,, inKes high rank asaportiait painter; 

 excellent MH-eimens of his skill in this depart- 

 ment an- the portraiU of I'etrus .Kgidius and of 

 Maximilian of Austria. He seems to have been 

 acquainted with LOOM van I^-yden, Hollx-in. lnuer, 

 F.iasmus, Sir Thomas More, and other notable 

 oontemporariee. 



Matter. It ix impossible to give a really satis- 

 factory definition of this term. We may employ 

 M equivalent* such word* a* StulV, Substance, 



