MATTHEW PARIS 



MAUDSLEY 



95 



special abridgment of the larger work of Matthew 

 Paris, maUe uniler that writer's supervision down to 

 124SI ; brought down at St Albans to 1259, at which 

 year Paris's chronicle ends ; thereafter continued 

 there down t<> 1205 ; next brought down to 1325 at 

 Westminster, in part by John Bever, alias John of 

 London. Sir T. D. Hardy, however, thinks it 

 based on the original writer who preceded Wend- 

 over as historian at St Albans, whom he identifies 

 as one Walter of St Albans, precentor and librarian 

 in the latter half of the 12th century. Copies of 

 his chronicle would become disseminated, and that 

 at Westminster, by its borrowings from the works 

 of Wendover and Matthew Paris, might well have 

 been taken for a mere abridgment of these. Luard 

 finally demolished the hypothetical author in his 

 edition of the Flares (Rolls series, 1890). A trans- 

 lation by Yonge was published in 1853 

 Matthew Paris. See PARIS (MATTHEW). 



Matthias Corvilllis, king of Hungary, the 

 second son of Janos Hiinvnily (<].v.), was born at 

 Klausenburg on 27tli March 1443. His father 

 having died, his elder brother was slain and him- 

 self imprisoned by order of Ladislaus Posthuinus, 

 king of Hungary and Bohemia. After the death 

 of this king Matthias was elected by the magnates 

 to the vacant throne (1458). But it cost him a 

 six years' hard struggle against Turks, Bohemians, 

 the Emperor Frederick III., and disaffected mag- 

 nates before he could venture to have himself 

 crowned at Stulihveissenburg. He drove the Turks 

 back across the frontiers of his kingdom, and made 

 himself master of Bosnia (1462), and of Moldavia 

 and Wallachia (1467), before he granted them a 

 truce. This breathing -pace Matthias employed in 

 making war upon Podiebrad, king of Bohemia, his 

 own father-in-law, whose crown had been ottered 

 to him by the pope. Podiehrad died in 1471), but 

 the war wi'.s continued against his successor, Ladis- 

 l;uis of Poland. In the midst of the war the mag- 

 nates rebelled, because their king disregarded their 

 political light- mid influence, and ottered his throne 

 to Cu-imir, brother of Ladislaus. But Matthias 

 managed to appease them, and in 1478 he con- 

 cluded pi-ace with Ladislaiis, obtaining Moravia, 

 Silesia, ami I.nsatia. Out of thi- war grew another 

 with Frederick III., in which Matthias besieged and 

 captured Vienna ( 1485). This he made bis capital, 

 and two years later he took possession of a large 

 part of Austria proper. Since 140!) the Turks had 

 renewed their terrible invasions of Hungary ; but 

 at length in 1479 they met with just chastisement, 

 at Kenyermezo, at the hands of Stephen Bathori of 

 Transylvania. But Matthias, who died at Vienna 

 on ii:l i April 1490, was more than an ambitious 

 conoueror. He greatly encouraged arts and letters : 

 he founded the university of Budapest, built an 

 olwervatory, summoned scholars and artists to his 

 court, adorned hi* capital with the works of re- 

 nowned sculptors, employed a staff of literary men 

 in Italy to copy valuable manuscripts, and so 

 founded a magnificent library. This was scattered 

 when the Turks captured Budapest in 1526. The 

 surviving Inxjks were restored by the sultan in 

 1H77. At the same time the finances were brought 

 into a flourishing condition, industry and commerce 

 were promoted by \vi>e legislation, and justice was 

 administered strictly to peasant and noble alike. 

 But lib rule was arbitrary and his taxes heavy ; 

 hi wasted much money in poni|M>us display'; and 

 he overrode the rights of the magnates. 



Matto Grosso (' dense forest '), an inland state 

 of Brazil, bordering on Bolivia : it is second to 



Amazonofl alone, both in size and sparsity of popu- 



. cm. (1888) 79," 

 nearly all Indians and blacks. Within this vast 



lation. Area, 532,708 sq. m. ; pop. (1888) 79,750, 

 nearly all Indians and blacks. Within this vast 

 territory several great rivers rise, including the 



Madeira and the Paraguay ; but in most parts 

 there is a scarcity of water during the dry season. 

 The vegetation is generally scanty, grass, bush, 

 and low trees covering the sandstone plateau ; high 

 trees and rich vegetation are confined to the river- 

 valleys. The gold and diamonds which formerly 

 constituted the wealth of Matto G rosso have been 

 exhausted, and agriculture ( insufficient for the 

 wants of the state) and cattle-raising, with the 

 gathering of medicinal plants by the Indians, are 

 now the principal industries. The capital is 

 Ciiyaba (q.v.). The former capital, Matto Grosso, 

 on the Guapore, decayed with the gold-mining 

 industry, and is now a fever-haunted place with 

 only some 1500 inhabitants. 



MnttOOIl, a c ity f Illinois, 172 miles by rail 

 S. by W. of Chicago. It contains railway-shops, 

 flour-mills, and grain-elevators, and manufactures 

 castings and drain tiles. Pop. ( 1900) 9622. 



Matlirin, a section of the Venezuelan state 

 Bermudez, lying VV. of the Orinoco delta, and con- 

 sisting almost entirely of llanos. Area, 13, 100 sq. 

 m. ; population 70,000. Maturin town, on the 

 Guarapiche, has plantations of cacao, and a trade 

 with the West Indies. Its port is Colorado, 25 

 miles below, and a railway has been constructed to 

 this point. Pop. 11,351. 



Maturin. CHARLES ROBERT, dramatist and 

 romancer, was bom in 1782, waged warfare with 

 poverty as curate of St Peter's, Dublin, and died 

 there, "October 30, 1824, after making his name at 

 least notorious by a series of extravagant novels 

 that outdid Miss Kadclitl'e. These were The Fatal 

 li'i'i-i'iir/i'. The Wild Irish Boy, The Milesian Chief ; 

 and later. Women, Melmoth, and The Albtyenscs. 

 His tragedy, lltrtram, had a success at Drury Lane 

 in 1816 : its successors, Manuel and Freiiolpho, were 

 promptly damned. 



MailhrugP, a fortified town in the French 

 department of Nord, 4 miles from the Belgian 

 frontier; pop. 5499. 



Maiicll Chunk, a mining-town of Penn- 

 sylvania, capital of Carbon county, is situated 

 among picturesque hills on the Lehigh River, 97 

 miles by rail NNW. of Philadelphia. There is a 

 switchback railway, 9 miles long, from the town 

 to Summit Hill a place famous for its ' burning 

 mines,' which have been on fire since 1858. Pop. 

 (1880)3752; (1900) 4029. 



Maiichline, a town of Ayrshire, 12 miles ENE. 

 of Ayr, and 10 SSE. of Kilmarnock. It has long 

 l>een noted for its wooden snutt'-boxes and similar 

 nicknacks. There is a monument (1830) to five 

 martyred covenanters ; and 1 mite N. is Mossgiel, 

 Buraa's farm from 1784 till 1788; whilst in the 

 village itself are ' Poosie Nancy's,' the scene of his 

 Jolly ISegifars, and Mauchline kirk, of his Holy 

 Fair. Pop. 1616. See works by W. Jolly (1881) 

 and the Kev. Dr Edgar ( 1886). 



.Maud. See MATILDA. 



Mamlsloy. HENRY, a prominent student of 

 mental pathology, was born near Giggleswick in 

 the West Riding of Yorkshire, February 5, 1835, 

 and was educated at Giggleswick grammar-school 

 and University College, London. He graduated 

 M.D. at the university of London in 1857, was for 

 a time physician to the Manchester Royal Lunatic 

 Asylum, but returned to London in 1862 to be a 

 consulting physician. In 1870, now an F.R.C.P., 

 he was Gnlstonian lecturer; and from 1869 to 

 1879 he filled the chair of Medical Jurisprudence 

 at University College. His works are The Physi- 

 <,l<,i/>l imd Patholorji/ of the Mind (1867), Responsi- 

 l,il',li/ in Mental ' I>ineae (1872), Body anil Will 

 (1883), and Natural Causes and Supernatural 

 Stealings (1886). 



