96 



MAI I 



MA THICK 



Maul, one of the Hawaiian Inland*. N\V. of 

 Hawaii. Area, 760 mi. in. [t 00MMB Of two O*M 



<-tod by an isthmus of shifting 

 Mini. Both \mf\f ri*e to inland mountain*. They 

 vit-M tin- product- of the group. Chief town, La- 

 haiua, on the west coast. Pop. ( 1QOU) -25,416. 



JioniMi (1884), Contt* (In Jour (1885), Cotttct et 

 jVottcetfe* ( 1885), Mont ' (1H85), Btl-A*it 



j or Mufi.MKlx, a town rn Ten; 



rim province, Kurtna (i|.v. |, m-ar the mouth of the 

 Halween Itiier. It i luu-kcd by a line range of hills, 

 studded with luigodasaiid pretty residences, and has 

 numerous public buildings, churches, fhu|H-ls, and 

 missionary establishments, charitable ami educa- 

 tional institutions, barracks, a hospital, gaol. Are. 

 Pop. IIH.V.) 43.iivt; ilssii ,13.1 iso (of whom about 

 l were Buddhist*. 11,000 Hindus, Gnu) Mussul- 

 nums, and -Ji m Christians); (1891 ) 53,785. The ex- 

 port*, teak-w.Kid, rice, Ac., aggregate 1,500,000 in 

 some years: the import*, ehielly pieee-ODoda, hard- 

 ware, provisions, and sundries, about 1,000,000. 



Maunder. SAJIUKL, compiler, was 1mm about 

 1790, and died 3Oth April 1S4'.I. He was a brother 

 in law of William Pinnock, assisted him in the pre- 

 paiatioitof his catechisms, and amongst other works 

 which he compiled are Bioffrapkual Trcnxitry, 

 Hfif ),'/ I.il'-rnr : : . TrniMiii-i/ nf 



Kn<ifl-'l<if, Trtamry o/Hutory, Ac. The-e boob 

 have been frequently revised and new editions 

 issued. 



Maundcvillc. s< M \NDKVILLE. 



>|.-IMIH|>- I Imrs.lav. the Thursday of Holy 

 \\ '-k i'|.v. I. The name llirx iiuinthiti is derived 

 from the ancient custom of washing the feet of the 

 |M>r on this day, and singing at the same, time 

 the anthem Mniiiliilinn IUH'HIH, which is taken 

 from John. viii. :>l This rite, called iiniin/d/iiin 

 or lciiii"i i- of gieai antiipiiiy, both in the 

 Eastern and Western churches. In more modern 

 times it came to be accompanies! by a distribution 

 of 'doloxj.' placed in small luiskets, thence called 

 maiinds.' In tin- royal usage of the maund in 

 England, the number of doles distributed U 

 reckoned by the years of the monarch, and their 

 value is Id. for each year of the sovereign's life. 

 James II. was the last Knglish sovcicign who 

 performed thut ceremony in IHTSOII ; but the 

 ;rian eni|wror, Francis Jow-ph, continueil the 

 eii-tom from Is4'.l till Is-vs. washing every year the 

 feet of twelve old men. In Madrid the ceremony 

 i* retained, the feet of twelve old men and twelve 

 old women In-nig toii'-hed with a s|Minge ami towel 

 by tin- sovereign, who aftcrvvaid- -ervcs them at 

 table; ami in IHSll the feet of twelve IHIVS were 

 wanhe.1 in the Komaii Catholic pi o cathedral at 

 Ken-mgton by one of the bishops, each '">' also 

 receiving a pfeee of money. Dining the middle 

 agr the mniind wits held in all monasteries 

 ami gn-at lion-'-; and in the Honschohl (took 

 of the K.nl of NoriliiimlH-rliuid. which In-gins in 

 151*2. ibere are enli ic-s of ! maner of things ycrly 

 .'i b\ rny lorde of his Maundy and my Jaidis 

 nil lit* li'id-hippi- childeien.' S<>e Skeats edition 

 of //./ \',*,,,H of 1'itritlte I'lutruutn (vol. L p. 488, 

 1. 1 10. note). 



ManpaKMllll, c.i v UK. a clever French wiiter, 



was l.irn ."ith Aiigut I Wi. at the ca-tlc of Mint- 



.il in Noimandy, and. after carrying a musket 



through tin- I .man war, was initiated 



bv i.i-t.ivp Flnnherl into the craft of letter-. 



II attAcbml hiniM-lf to the younger liranch <if 



the naturnliMic W|HNI|. and wrote him-elf in by 



a torv rnntlibllll to the tv,irtr* ilf MII/HH 



". Me next proilllrol a pla\, lll\lnirf ,1,1 



VUHJ Temp*, and a striking volume of lyrics 

 "ithrd under the til, ,'lssih. l',n! be 



his real reputation a a no\eli-t an.! 

 r, with La Mauon Tcllicr (IM1), Lett Saeurt 



and r'orl r'ninmf In )lrt ( IH89). He became insane 

 in |s;rj, and died in an asylum, Oth July Is 1 .'-'!. 



ll:iU|MTllli>. PlERKK I.oris M..I:KAC 1JI-, 

 mathematician, was born at 81 Halo on 1 

 July 1698, and after five years in the army devoted 

 himself to science. His able advocacy of New- 

 ton's physical theory, in opposition to that of 

 Deeearte*, gained him admittance to the Hoyal 

 Society of London in 17'2S. In 1730-37 he was 

 placed at the head of the Academicians whom 

 Louis XV. sent to Lapland, to obtain the exact 

 measurement of a degree of longitude, whilst the 

 same thing was l>ciiig done in Peru by La Conda- 

 inine. This operation Maupertuis described in De 

 /a ri'/iirr <lf In Trrrt (Paris. I73S). In 1740 he 

 went to Berlin, on the invitation of Fredeiick II. , 

 who made him president of the Academy. Having 

 accompanied the Prussian army to the lield, he was 

 taken prisoner at Moliwit/. liy the Austrians in 

 1741. He returned to Berlin in 1744 ; but his 

 morbid itHiiiitr-]>rnf>rc and tyrannical disposition 

 excited general dislike. I'.c-ides being engaged in 

 a hitter iinairel with Kiinig its to the merits of 

 Leihnitx, he incurred the enmity of Voltaire, who 

 satirised him in Mii-nii,nijii.i and limlnlif (In 

 // 1,'nr A/.-it/.'iii. which drove Maupertnis away to 

 IJosel to recoup his health, and to enjoy the society 

 of the Bernouilli-. but he died there, 27th July 

 17.">0. Maupertuis was a mathematician of goiKl 

 ability, hut owed his celebrity as much to the 

 idiosyncrasies of his manneis and disposition a- to 

 his merit. Hi- ll'i/i-/-*, 4 vols., ap|ieareil at 1'aris 

 in 1752, and at Lyons in 1708. See Life by Ueau- 

 melle (185G). 



Mauroiias. JK.VX I : REHRRIC PUKLII-PKIX, 

 CUMIK UK, a French statesman, Inirn in 1701 at 

 Paris. He was brought up for public life, and 

 was early entrusted with ollice, but eoiitriied to 

 displease the all-]>o\verful Pompadour, and was 

 banished from court in 174!l. He was recalled 

 and made first minister at the accession of Louis 

 XVI. (1774), and he .succeeded in carrying out his 

 policy of humiliating Kiigland by recognising the 

 United StaU-s; but his was not the band to hold 

 the helm in the face of fast-gathering storms. 

 Yet lie brought into the ministry men far greater 

 and wiser than himself Tuigot, Maleshcrlics, and 

 Necker. He died '21st Novemlier 17M. His 

 Mi iiiuim (4 vols. 1792) were edited by bis secre- 

 tary, Salle. 



Manriro, PRIXPE OF OISAXHK and Cm-NT OF 



M . one of the most skilful gem'rals of his 

 vas the -on of William the Silent. Piiuceof 

 Orange, and was horn at Dillenhurg. I: Hi Noiem. 

 IKM I.")i7. After his father's assas-ination in 1">M, 

 the provinces of Holland and /.calami, am) after- 

 wards I'trecht and the others, elected him their 

 stallholder. A great portion of the Netherlands 

 was still in the hands of the Spaniards ; but, under 

 the admirable leadership of Maurice, the Dm. h. 

 aided by an F.nglish contingi-nt under the Karl of 

 Leicester and Sir Philip Sidney, rapidly wre-ted 

 eitii-s and fortresses from their enemies. In I.V.KI 

 Ilieda, and in l.V.M /iitphen. De-venter, Ximegin n, 

 and other places fell into their hands, in I.V.l.'f 

 Ci-ert/uidenlM-rg. and in l.V.M (Ironingen. In I.V.I7 

 he deteated tin- Spanianls at Turnhont in lirabant, 

 and in KKHI won a splendid victory at Nieiiwiioort. 

 Then for more than three years lie battled all the 



power of Spain by his defcn if Ostend. Finally, 



in IIHHI, Spain was compelli-d to acknowledge the 

 I'nitcd Provinces as a free republic. But from 

 this time keen dissension grew up between the 

 Orange party, who favoured the Gomarists, and 



