102 



MAYAS 



MAYNOOTH 



Mayas. See AMERICAN IM>I vs- 



Maybolir, a town of Ayriihire, 31 mile* inland, 

 and 9 by rail S. by \V. of Ayr. In feudal time* it 

 was the capital of ( 'arrick, and luui been a burgh of 

 barony since 1.M6. It has several baronial mansion*, 

 a Uiwn-liall, and n fine Roman Catholic rlmrrli. 

 Shoe making i- the staple industry. Nearby i- the 

 fainouH Croasraguel { <i. v. ) abbey. Pop. ( 1891 ) 5470. 



Mayenre. s.-.. MAINZ. 



Maycnne (Lat. .!/ </), a French depart- 

 ment formed out of tin- old pro\inces <if Maine and 

 Anjou, now containing tin* WMdiHMMBii of 

 Laval, CliAteati-liiniiiiM. and Maycnnc. has an area 

 of 1996 s.,. in. and a |H.|,. of ( I SNA) 340,003 ; (1891 ) 

 .'{.'ft.'. 387. The valleys of the Mayenne, Vilaine, 

 and Sarthe are fairly fertile, anil yield wheat, 

 barley, flax, potatoes, hemp, and fruit (especially 

 apples for cider). Cattle breeding, coal and slate 

 mining, and o>tt4in spinning and weaving are the 

 other chief industries. Chief-town, Laval. The 

 river Mayenne, after a course of 127 miles in a 

 southerly direction, joins the Sarthe at Angers to 

 form the Maine, a tributary of the Loire. It is 

 navigable up t Laval. The tmrn of Mayenne, on 

 the river Mayenne, 78 miles by rail S. by \V. of 

 Caen, ban a picturesque ruined castle ( taken by the 

 English in 1424), steep narrow streets, and manu- 

 factures of calico and linen. Pop. (1872) 8790; 

 (1886)9940; (1891) 10,428. 



Mayer. Jri.irs KOBKKT VON, physicist, was 

 bom at Heilbronn, 'Alth Novemlier 1814, studied 

 medicine at Tubingen, Munich, and Paris, Iwgan 

 lite as a ship's surgeon, and settled in his native 

 town to practise his profession in 1841. Whilst at 

 Batavia in IK40 his attention was first attracted to 

 the studies he afterwards pursued in every interval 

 of leisure. In IMJ lie published in Liebi^'s .d 

 a preliminary ntat<*inent of tin- mechanical theory 

 of neat, in which he clearly determined the numeri- 

 cal relation between heat anil work. Three years 

 later he restated hi- views with admirable clearness 

 and with a great wealth of illustration, and at the 

 same time gave a forecast of his theory of the 

 meteoric origin of the sun's heat, elaltoratcd in 

 1848. Contemporaneously with Mnyer the mechani- 

 cal theory of heat was winked out independently 

 by Joule |'|.v.) in Fngland. Neverl heloss a con- 

 troversy arose an to the priority of discovery. 

 The Koyal Society ga\c him tin- Copley medal in 

 1871, anil he woo ennobled by the king of \Viir- 

 tcmlierg two year- lief ore his death, on 'JOth March 

 1878. Mayer's IMI]MTH were collected under the 

 title HeehiiHil: ,frr \\;,r, H r. (2d ed. 1874), and his 

 Corrrtfondrnrr appeared in 1889. 



8 Tyn.Ull in Xnlurt (vol. v. ; cf. vol. xvii.), and 

 monugnplu by 1 Minting ( 187 ) and Weyreuoh (1889). 



Mayflower. May-fly, May Laws. See 

 ttuunt FATHKKS, KI-IIKMKRA, FALK. 

 Mayhrn. See ASSAULT. 

 Mayhrw, Arm-sirs (1826-75), author, wrote 



in conjunction with bi- brother Henry Ctbe Mrothei- 



Mayhew i -evcral notable works of humorous lie- 



tion, the b-t of which are named in the article 



HOW, In addition to this, the letter known part 



of hi* work. IIP wrote several stories which wete 



malar at the time r,,,v,l ,rit>, f;A-/(!8S7). The 



I i;,r/,n JUotmuhary ( IH6I I. AVi,v f,,r r'<>rtit,,,* 



- 



Mayhrw. Hr.Miv, journalist and litterateur. was 

 born in London m November 1NI2. He ran away 

 from \Vi-stiniii-i.T School in consequence of unjust 

 treatment on a voyage to Calcutta, ami 



on returning wa articled (.,' bis father, a solicitor. 

 iew'- hr-t adventure in literature was the 

 starting, in conjunction with (Jilliert a Beckett. 

 of / 'lie production of which was 



stopped by A Beckett's father. The two youths 

 in disgust left their homes, and with but fifteen 

 shillings lietween them walked to Kdinburgh, 

 hoping to make fortunes there as actors and authors 

 at the theatre of which Mayhew's brother F.dward 

 washsee; this failed, for the\ wen' at once sent 

 back. In 1831 they started Fii/nni n/ /.//, and 



the year following The Thief, which was the proto- 

 t>pe of the 'Hits' journals of todax. In 1841 

 Mayhew prmlnce*! Thr n'niii/irii<</ Minstrel, a 

 farce, and shortly after joined with his brother 

 Augustus in one of the most successful of literary 

 partnership*, during which (ax 'the Brothel's May- 

 new') they produced some remarkably clevei works 

 of fiction, the best of which arc Thr '.'</</</ Himnx 

 tluit turned Everything to Gold ( 1847), Thr <;,;,,!,*< 

 Plague of Life (1847), The /;///- <,f II in Fth,r 

 (1848), Whom to Marry ( 1848), The Mayicof Ktnil 

 ne*s( 1849), Living for Appeurtutceji ( 1855). One of 

 the originators and first editor of 1'nm-h, Mayhew 

 was from early in the ' forties ' a voluminous writer 

 on many subjects as on The Peammt Jim/ 1'hiln- 

 soaker (1854), The Wonders of Science (1855), 

 S/iOfis and Companies of London (1865), London 

 Characters (1874), and the Criminal Prisons of 

 London. The work by which Mayhew will |>crhaps 

 be best remcml>cred is his great Linidun l.ahottr 

 itn'l the London Poor (1851, &c.). Henry Mayhew, 

 who had married in 1844 the elder daughter of 

 Douglas Jen-old, died on July 25, 1887. HORACE 

 MAYHEW ( 1816-72), brother of the two foregoing, 

 also mode some mark in literature, more especially 

 of a humorous and ephemeral kind. He was a 

 constant contributor to 1'uncli, of which he was 

 at one time sub editor. 



Miiynooth'. a village of County Kildare, Ire- 

 land, 15 miles N\V. of Dublin by rail ; pot). (1881), 

 including the college, 1174. It is of historical 

 interest as the seat of the Ceraldinea, of whose 

 castle striking ruins still remain ; and as the scene 

 of more than one struggle with the Knglish power. 

 esjiecially the Rebellion of Silken Thomas,' in the 

 reign of Henry VI II., and in the war of the Con- 

 federates ( 1641-50). Hut its chief modern intcn-t 

 arises from il> Human Catholic college, established 

 i I7!I5) by an act of the Irish parliament during 

 I 'ill's ministry, t ..... eel a necessity created by 

 the destruction, through the French devolution, of 

 the places of education in France, upon which the 

 Irish Catholic clergy, excluded by tlie penal laws 

 from the opportunity of do ..... slic education, bad 

 been driven to rely. The original endowment, an 

 annual vote of 8928, was continued, although not 

 without controversy and keen opposition on tin- 

 part of zealous Protestants, by the imperial parlia- 

 ment after the act of union. In the \c.-.r ls4li Sir 

 Hubert Peel carried a bill for a permanent endow- 

 ment of i'2(i,000 a year, to which \v: s added a 

 giant of .'),(KK> for building purposes. The build- 

 ing erected miller the original cnilowmcnt is a plain 

 <|iiadranglc. The new college is a very striking 

 < Jot hie quadrangle by Pngiii, containing professorr 

 and students' apartments, lecture-halls, and a 

 singularly tine library and refectory. 



I'mler the Act of 1S4."> the college was to receive 

 500 students, all destined for the priesthood. The 

 patronage of the ."><K) studentships was divided in 

 (be ratio of population among the bishops of the 

 several sees of Ireland ; the candidates were sub- 

 jected, lieforc matriculation, to a comprehensive 

 entrance examination. The full collegiate course 

 was of eight years, two of which were given to 

 IOE, two to philosophy, and the remaining four 

 to divinity, scripture, church history', canon law, 

 and the Hebrew and Irish languages. The divinity 

 students. 2.TO in niimhfr, iccei\ed a money stipend 

 of 20 annually ; and at the close of the ordinary 

 course, 20 Mhinhoyne Scholarships' were assigned 



