MAYO 



MAYOR 



103 



by competition to the most distinguished students, 

 and might be held for three years. The legislative 

 authority was vested in a board of seventeen 

 trustees, and the internal administration in an 

 academical body, consisting of a president and 

 ^ice-president, together with a numerous body of 

 professors and deans. Of a board of eight visitors, 

 five were named by the crown, and three elected 

 by the trustees. 



In 1869, by the Irish Church Act, the Maynooth 

 endowment was withdrawn a capital sum, four- 

 teen times its amount, being granted to the trustees 

 for the discharge of existing interests. The college, 

 however, is still maintained on the same footing ; 

 and although the number of pupils, owing to the 

 suspension of free studentships and exhibitions, 

 fell off somewhat for the few years immediately 

 succeeding the disendowment, the diminution was 

 only temporary. In recent years the average num- 

 ber' of students in residence has been 500. The 

 visitorial powers created under the act of parlia- 

 ment are now exercised by visitors appointed by 

 the trustees, and all state connection is at an end. 

 The college also possesses some landed and funded 

 property, the result of donations and bequests, the 

 most considerable of which is that of Lord Dun- 

 boyne, Homan Catholic Bishop of Cork. The new 

 chapel, originally included in the design supplied by 

 Pugin in 1846 for the new college, was (with the 

 exception of a tower and spire 275 feet high) com- 

 pleted at the cost of 50,0(10, and dedicated in 

 1890. Designed by the late J. J. M'Carthy in the 

 Decorated Gothic style, it consists of a great nave, 

 choir, and sanctuary, ending in a five-sided apse, 

 from which radiate five chapels. The entire len^-tli 

 is 220 feet, the width 40 feet, the height from floor 

 to groined ceiling 70 feet. The sides of the chapel 

 are flanked by cloisters which exteriorly present 

 the appearance of aisles. The interior is richly 

 titled as a collegiate chapel, with 450 choir stalls 

 of finely-carved oak, mosaic pavements of varied 

 devices, altars of Carrara marble, rich painted 

 glass, and a sweet-toned organ. A great part of the 

 college was burned in 1878, but was MM>M restored. 

 'r<it/nooth : a Centenary Hiitorii, by the Mot Rev. 

 Father Healy ( 1895). 



Mayo, a maritime county of the province of 

 Connaught, Ireland, is Ixmn.ied on the N. and W. 

 by the Atlantic Ocean, E. by Sligo and Roscommon, 

 and S. by Galway. The greatest length north and 

 south is 68 miles; the greatest breadth, 57 miles. 

 Area, 1,360,731 acres, of which nearly 26 per cent, 

 is bog and 18 per cent, barren. Of the remainder 

 about 170,000 acres are cropped, cereals covering 

 from 50,000 to 60,000, potatoes and other green 

 crops somewhat more, the rest being in pasture. 

 Top ( 1H41 ) 388 887 ;( 1861 ) 254,769 ; ( 1881 ) 245,212, 

 of whom 238,262 were Roman Catholics; (1891) 

 219.034. The rearing of cattle and agriculture are 

 the leading industries. The eastern half of the 

 county is more or less a plain, the western half 

 mountainous, the highest points !>eing Muilrea 

 (2688 feet), Nephin (2530), and Croagh Patrick 

 <2370). Ironstone abounds, but owing to want 

 of fuel is not worked ; and there are several 

 valuable slate quarries. The chief towns are 

 CastleW (38S5), Westport (4469), Hallina (5760, 

 including 1442 in County Sligo), and Ballinrobe 

 (2286). The coast-line of Mayo is alniut 250 miles, 

 and is greatlv indented, Killala, Blacksod, and 

 Clew Bays, Killary Harbour, and Broad Haven 

 being on this const. ( MI Mavo, too, lie the islands 

 Achil (35,283 acres), Clare (3959), and others. 

 Loughs Mask and Corrib lie on the southern border, 

 and Loughs Conn, Castlebar, Cullen, Carragh, 

 Corramore within the county. A valuable salmon- 

 fishery exists in the river Moy, and Lough Mask 

 is the Inline of the 'gillaroo' trout. The Irish 



language was in 1881 spoken by 8808 persons who 

 did not know English, and by 138,930 who did. 

 Four members are returned to the House of Com- 

 mons. 



Mayo formed part of the extensive territory 

 granted by King John to Hubert de Burgh ; but 

 William, the third earl, seizing Galway and Mayo, 

 threw off the English allegiance and adopted the 

 'customs of the Irish,' together with the Celtic 

 name of Mac- William. The district was not sub- 

 dued until 1586. The antiquities of Mayo are 

 chiefly ecclesiastical, there being many ruins of 

 monasteries. Four round towers exist, and at 

 Cong the remains of a splendid abbey of the 12th 

 century. The celebrated ' Cross of Cong, 1 now in 

 the museum of the Royal Irish Academy, was 

 made at Roscommon in 1120. 



Mayo, RICHARD SOUTHWELL BOURKE, EARL 

 OF, Indian statesman, was burn in Dublin on 21st 

 February 1822, and educated at Trinity College, 

 Dublin. He entered the House of Commons as a 

 Conservative in 1847, and was appointed Chief- 

 secretary of Ireland by Ixird Derby in 1852, 1858, 

 and 1866. In 1868 he was sent out to succeed 

 Lord Lawrence as Viceroy of India. He discharged 

 the duties of his office with earnest zeal and uniform 

 courtesy, maintained friendly relations with the 

 neighbouring states, treated the feudatory princes 

 and the native people with impartial justice tem- 

 pered by great kindness, and effected considerable 

 improvements in the economic management of the 

 Indian government, in gaol discipline, in irrigation 

 works, and in providing educational facilities for 

 the native Mohammedan population. Whilst in- 

 specting the convict settlement at Port Blair on 

 the Andaman Islands, on 8th February 1872, he 

 was fatally stabbed by a Punjab fanatic. See 

 Life by Sir W. W. Hunter (2 vols. 1875). 



Mayonnaise, a thick cold sauce for salads, 

 cold meat, poultry, fish, vegetables, &c., made of 

 the yolk of eggs, salad oil, and vinegar, with a 

 little salt, cavenne pepper, and meat-jelly ; it is 

 sometimes coloured red with powdered lobster 

 coral, or green with spinach or parsley. 



Mayor (Fr. maire, Lat. major; see MAJOR), 

 originally a steward, bailiff, or overseer, thence the 

 chief-magistrate of a city or corporate town in 

 England or Ireland. The mayor is the head of the 

 local judicature, and the executive officer of the 

 municipality ; he is elected by the council from the 

 aldermen or councillors, and holds office for a year 

 only. His duties include those of returning otlicer 

 in all lioroughs except those cities anil towns which, 

 being counties of themselves, have sheriffs of their 

 own. The first Mayor of London was appointed 

 in 1189, the first Mayor of Dublin in 1409. The 

 mayors of London, York, and Dublin, and since 

 1890-95, of Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, Sheffield, 

 and Birmingham, are called 'Lord Mayor.' The 

 Lord Mayor of London (q..v. ) since 1354 'Right 

 Honourable 'is the representative of royalty in the 

 civil government of the city, the chief-commis 

 sioner of lieutenancy, the conservator of the river 

 Thames, and on the demise of a sovereign is sum- 

 moned to attend the Privy-council. To sustain 

 the hospitality of the city he receives an allow- 

 ance of 8000 a year, with the use of the Mansion 

 House (i|.v. ), furniture, carriages, &c. He is 

 chosen by the Livery (q.v.) on the 29th September, 

 lieing commonly the senior alderman who has not 

 already 'passed the chair.' Although the office is 

 still one of dignity, it is only in the eyes of 

 foreigners that the Lord Mayor of London is one 

 of the most important public functionaries of the 

 realm. The Mayor of Dublin was first styled Lord 

 Mayor by Charles II. in 1665. The title of Mayor 

 is used to denote the chief officer of a city in the 



