104 



MAYOTTE 



MAZAHIN 



l States iin.l tin- British colonies. In France 

 tin- Maire i lii-t i.llio-i of a town, coiiiiiiiine, or 

 .li-:ri.-t. For the Mayor of the Palace, aee Pm I v 

 See aim PHOVUST. 



Mayotl?, one of tlie Comoro Isle* (q.v.). 



MlttKVfllr. capital of Mason county, Kentucky, 

 on thc'oliio Kher, i mil liy rail NE. of Lexing- 

 ton. It in the river-port of a rich territory, anil 

 contain* many mill*. distilleries, .Vc. Pop. 6423. 

 or Stinking Camomile (q.v.). 

 a town in the French dciiartment 

 <if Tarn, on the Amctte. 43 miles ESE. of Toulon--. 

 and 12 by rail SSK. of Cast res. It has exclusive 

 woollen manufactuies. l'o|i. (1S91) 14,151. 



Yla/illlilrrail. a province of northern Persia, 

 frin^'iii-' the ( 'asi'iau Sea for M>tne 200 miles and 

 lying ! i \\ceu tin- provinces of (ihilan and Astra- 

 bad, consists of a belt of low marshy coast-land, 

 10 to 20 mill", wide, hacked l>v the well-wooiled 

 nortliern slopes of the F.lhurz. 'I'he climate is very 

 changeable, in summer both rainy ami unhealthy, 

 but on the uplands fairly salubrious. Owing to 

 the fertility of the soil, which is watered by numer- 

 ous small rivers, the Persians call the province the 

 '(ianienof Iran.' Hire, wheat, and other cereals, 

 rotton, iniillicrry trees, and a variety of fruits are 

 produci-d. Honen, iutn>, and cameU are exten- 

 si\-|y hred. Area of province, 10.400 sq. in.: j>op. 



300,000. The rhief town is Saii, tl gh Barfurush 



(see BALFRI'SII ) is the seat of the trade with |{us-ia. 

 Iron ori-s ami mineral oils are very abundant. 



Mazjtrill. -Iri.ts (<;ml, Mnmrini), cardinal 

 and chief minister of France during the minority 

 of I,ouis XIV., wax born 14th .Inly KIU2, at Piscina 

 in the Al>rii/./i. Me studied under the Jesuits at 

 Koine, and later at Alcala in Spain, where he 

 relieved the tedium of study with love-making. 

 He next entered the military service of the pope, 

 but hi* aliility for diplomacy was early recognised. 

 II. n ing accompanied a papal legate to the court of 

 France, he liecame known al>nt Iti'-'s to Richelieu, 

 who divined his promise and engaged him to main- 

 tain French interest* in Italy, which he did while 

 till employed hy the |~IIM- ILS vice-legate to Avignon 



(1632), anil nniicio to the Frencl irt , Iti.'U 



In I6.T9 he iipi-nly entered the Hervice of Louis XI II. 

 and wan naturalised a Frenchman ; and two years 

 later he received a cardinal 's hat through the influ- 

 ence of Kichclieu. who lielore his death I 4th Decem- 

 ber 1642) nvomnicndcd Ma/;uin to the kin;: ax his 

 accentor. Hi- |>-ilion was one of great dilliculty 

 amid the intrigue* ami jeahuisic- of the time, and 

 the Hint neenu.it v wax that he should make him-. -I I 

 indix|ienxalile to the i|iieen. who became recent on 

 her huhhand'x death in May 11543. lint Ma/.ariu 

 wnn one of the most siipiile court ierx that ever 

 bowed the knee, before a throne, and moreover he 

 knew how to touch a woman - heart by hix romantic 

 devotion. Si he kept his place ax minister, and it 

 * certain, from his faiinm- i-mmlx and many of 

 the Itiiild h-ttci-, that the MIICCII gave him her 

 love, if it cannot with certainty lie proved that 

 there wan a private marriage between them. It 

 should IK* rcmemlicnsl thai thix wan perfectly pox- 

 fihli-, for M. Chernel hax dis'o\ered that the car- 

 dinal hail never taken more than the minor orders. 

 of which a man could enxily divcxt himself. Mazarin 

 poMMed admirable farultv for atlaiis and MI much 

 pnvnnal charm that he rilled with greater smootli- 

 new Uian Kichelicu, althoii|,.'h with almost ai 

 nolimited a unity. The parliament, thinking to 

 regain political (Miwer, reMKUnl the reyi-tralion of 

 edict* of taxation ; but Mazarin caused the hwlerx 

 al the oii|i<isitioii to be airexted ( Auiruxt 1648 ), n|ion 

 which the dixturltanceii of the Fronde (q.v.) IM^HH. 

 The court retired to St i.eimain, but at length tri 



umj'hiMl by the aid of Condc, and the truce of Ituel, 

 while it removal the olmnxious taxes, left Mazarin 

 and hix xiiliordinatex in oflice. The hatred ajjnih-t 

 him, however, lila/ed out anew in the provinces, 

 when at his instigation the iiueen recent arrexteil 

 Conde, Conti, and Laogmvilu in January 1650. 

 Mazarin triumphed at Kethel, hut soon had to 

 succumb to the strength of the combination a>^iin>t 

 him and retire to exile at Briihl. Meantime the 

 pie-s te.-n,ed with pamphlet* and satires against him 

 the famous Mit:nnn<nlrx, few of which, however, 

 attained the dignity of literature. The cardinal 

 now perceived the fatal con-ecjuences of his policy 

 of isolating himself and the queen from every party 

 in the state, and bent all his maxteily powcrx of 

 intripie to form a new royal party. Tiirenne was 



Drained over, and his military genius proved in 



than adequate as a counterpoise to the opposition 

 of Conde. After one years absence Mazarin re- 

 turned to court in January lii.VJ, hut ei^ht months 

 later again retired to Sedan to admit of a recon- 

 ciliation with the ]Mir/finrnt of Paris. At length 

 in February \('M he returned in triumph t" Paris, 

 and thereafter his power remained secure, while he 

 ipiickly regained all his popularity. Under his 

 rule the influence of France abroad was greatly 

 increased. He gained the alliance of Cromwell at 

 the price of Dunkirk; secured the preponderance 

 of French influence in southern (iernmny by the 

 treaty of Westphalia (1648), and the league of the 

 EUtine, fonrred in 1659; and by the treaty of 

 the l'\ renees i NovemlK-r 7. l(5."i!l 1, and the marriage 

 of Louis XIV. with the Infanta Maria Thei- 

 brought the succession to the throne of Spain 

 within the range of French ambition. Ma/arin 

 died at Vincennes, 9th March 11501, leaving an 

 immense fortune, variously stated at from IK to 4O 

 million livres. Hi- magnificent library, which had 

 long been placed freely at the disposal of the public, 

 wax bequeathed to the College Ma/Jirin. His 

 name survives characteristically in the Mazarin 

 liible,' one of the most priceless treasures of 

 Bibliomania (<|.v.). 



Hi- celebrated nieces whom he brought from 

 Italy to the French court present all the iiossible 

 contrasts of character and destiny. The eldest of 

 the seven, the virtuoux Laura Mancini, married the 

 Due de Meicieur, son of Henry IV. and (ialirielle, 

 and died young. Anne Marie Martino/y.i, her 

 cousin, married the Prince dc Conti. an austeie 

 and gloomy hunchback, and also died young. 

 Lama Martino/zi mounted a throne by marry ing 

 the Duke of Modcna, and became mother of the 

 second queen of James II. of England. Olympe 

 Mancini, who became Corntes-e de Soissotls, wa 

 a woman formed for great crimes, whose true place 

 would have !>oen in the palace of the (Vsar.s 01 

 the Vatican of the Horgias. She plungetl deep 

 into a seric- of di-cieditahle intrigues, and found 

 herself obliged to (lee from France to c-cape the 

 iiuiiishinent of a poisoner. After Hitting awhile 

 like an evil geninx over the face of Europe, she 

 diiNl |HMir and oliscure al Itin-sels. Hortense Man- 

 cini, the most beaut if ul of the seven, and her uncle's 

 favourite, inherited hi- for nine, and was sought in 

 marriage by the Duke of Savoy, the Prince of 

 Portugal, and the King of England. The cardinal 

 married her to the Due de la Meilleraie. who took 

 tin* name and aim- of Mazarin. He was a Bloomy 

 bigot, who mutilated with the fury of a Byzantine 

 iconoclast the magnificent antique statues which 

 Mazarin had collected with all an Italian's love for 

 art, shut up his wife, ami treated her w ith a jealous 

 everity which allouled in the morality of the time 

 ample justification for her misconduct. She found 

 at once a refuge from his pursuit in England, and 

 a characterixtic recreation in an intrigue with 

 Charles II. Marie Anne Mancini liecame Duchess* 



