124 



MELALEUCA 



MELBOURNE 



the time of tin- Kini><T<>r Claudius ; nothing else is 

 known concerning him. His work, an unsystematic 

 compendium, i- in three books, mnd in entitled />, 

 .Situ (trlii*. The text is greatly coniiiiled. The 

 editiu firiHrffu appeared at Milan in 1471 ; the best 

 modern edition is tlmt l>y Parthcv (Itcrlin, 1807). 



VlrlnlriH-n. SeeCAJErii. 



M. l.-iiK-holia. See I \s\\rrv. 



llrlaiK hflioil. Pllll.ll 1 , Luther's fellow- 

 laliourci in tin- Itclornmlion. was born, February 16, 

 I4:'7. at Itrettcn, in tin- Palatinate of tin- Bniaa, 

 now in tin- grand duchy of linden. His name was 

 originally Schwar/erd ( black earth '), of which Mel 

 aii'-ln IK.II is a (Jrcek translation. He was educated 

 at the university of Heidelberg, where he took the 

 degree of liachelor of Philosophy in I"il2. In the 

 name year he went to Tubingen, studied theology, 

 took tlii- degree of Doctor, and in l.">14gave lectures 

 on the Aiistotelian philosophy and the Hassles. 

 AlMiut this time he published a (ireek grammar. 

 On his relative Kciichlin's recommendation he was 

 ap|K>intd in 1518 professor of Creek in \Vitten- 



. BnMgbt into contact with l.uther in tlial 

 town, he at once became his fellow worker in 

 the great religions revolution with which Luther's 

 name ix identified. Melanchthon brought ID his 

 aid an i-\ten( of learning that made him to lie 

 re^ai. led if another Erasmus, and a gift of lurid 

 exposition anil purity of Ijitin st\le unrivalled 

 among his OMltempOraiiw The natural sweet- 

 ness of his teui|>cr ami the hahitiial modcra- 

 linn of his views also advantageously tempered 

 Luther's vehemence. In 1521 be pnblislied bis 

 /.'*-/ (':, in, n it nf.t lltrti,,, T/i-'i/iHfiniriim, tin- lilst 

 great Protestant work on dogmatic theology. It 

 passed through more than fifty editions in the 

 course of the author's life, hi l.'iSO he made a 

 ni"st im|Mirtant iiiiitribiition to the cause of Pro- 



iiilisin. in the Augsliurg Confession (ij.v.). In 

 l.">ll he went to Worms, and soon after to Catishon, 



t nduct the cause of the Protestants in the 



conferences there. Hut tin. influence of the papal 

 legate counteracted all his cllorts for a peaceful 



mmodatioii, and his own party were much 

 ilissittislitil on ai-ciniiil of the concessions which he 

 made. After Luther's death. Melanchthon lo-i in 

 son!' the confidence of some of the Pro 



Hits by those enii, e--i'Hi- to the Catholics 

 which his anxiety for |-ace led him to make; 

 whilst the /.caloiis Liitheiaiis were no less dis- 

 plejis.-d In^-ausi. of his apnrovimation to the doc- 

 trine of Calvin on the Loid s Supper. His consent. 



ditionally given, to (In- introduction of the 



Intel mi [f|.v.| in Saxony, in |.-,4'.l. lc.1 lo 

 |uiinlul ciiniiovi-rsies, \\liich lilletl the hitler ycai- 

 of bis life with dkqniatnde. He die.1 at \Vi'tt<-M 



berg, I '.Mb Apiil I.V-i. Ity his calm wisd ami 



tlii- reputation of his genius. Melanchthon did 

 much to save the Information from those cxcesneB 

 that would have made n piogies. impossible. In 



the |Mrforman f tl,i- task he inclined much 



op|M>ition from Luther himself, anil -till more from 

 I lie enthu-ia-N \\hociinie to tin- front after Luther's 



li ; Inn the Mihii|iic!it religious histiu\ ,,i 

 many is conclusive pr.M.f of the ui-dom of his 

 action, llv his Inlsiurs ax a scholar and iiuhlic 

 toacber. MeUochtboil ranks with the very Mghwl 

 name* in the history i>f leiirning and education. 



Alike by hi- Icnipel iin ,| JMtelleelual illlen -!-. he I- 



In !* rrganh^l n bletnlin^ in the happiest pio|M>rlion 



the hiimaiiiot and the reformer The most complete 



edition of hi. work- i whirl, comprise a Creek and 



i Crammnr. editions of and commeniaiies lin 



ml claMira and the Scptuagint. biblicnl com- 



iarie. doctrinnl and ethical works, ollicial 



diH-umenis. d.^-lnration*, diMertations, resiHii 



and a >ery .\tennive cnrrenpondence with friend* 



and the leading men of the age) it) that by liret- 

 Bchneider and liindscil in their 1'urinm Kcfiirma- 

 tonim (28 vols. 1834-60). 



See Live* of Melanchthon by his friend Camcrariua 

 ( l.'KMi ) ; by Cox, Matthe* ( Attend'. 1841 ), Nitzach, Schmidt 

 ( KlU-rf. 1861 ), Meurtsr ( 2>1 ed. Leip. 1869 ), Schaff ( !...,:, i 

 1887 ), Hartfelder ( Berlin, 1889 ), Bailey Saunden. ( 1 .- 

 George WiUon ( 1898 ), and A. Harnack ( 1 - 



Melanesia . c.i. melas, 'black') is a name 

 given to those 1'acil'u- islands near New (iiiinca 

 which aie inhabited bv the Papuan race. See 



I'OI.VM.M \. 



Melapliyre. See BASALT. 



>!< lltoii rn. in Derbyshire, 7 miles SE. of 

 Derby by rail; pop. 3123. It is noted for its 

 market gardens, and has some manufactures. 

 Melhourn Hall, formerly seat of Lord Melbourne, 

 U'longs to Karl Cowjier. 



Mclboiiriic. the metropolis of the Australian 

 colony of Victoria, and the most important city of 

 i Australasia, stands nt the northern extremity 

 of Port Phillip Hay, and is bisected by the river 

 Yarra; it is in 37' 4!l' S. Int. and 144' 58' E. long. 

 To facilitate navigation and enable large xe-seK 

 to discharge their cargoes almost at the doors of t he 

 warehouses, a canal as cut hum a point ncar 

 the month of the river to the MellKiurne <|ii;i\s 

 and opened in 18H8. \Villiamstown and Port 

 Melbourne, bnili on the shores of the hay. give 

 extensive pier accomimMlation, and are thriving 

 jMirts. Melbourne is a chessboard city, built on 

 strict mathematical lines, its streets intersecting 

 at right angles, the principal thoroughfares being 

 of consideral.lv greater width (!Mt feet) than is 

 necessary or desirable in such a warm climate. 



Collin* Street i architecturally imposing, being 

 lined on either side by tall, massive, and ornate 

 buildings, chiefly banks, ollices, warehouses, and 

 hotels. llourke Street corresponds to the London 

 SI rand : but it is three times as wide and four 

 times ax long. Hcic most of the theatres, music- 

 balls. ,.,nd retail shojw are situated. An extensive 

 sy-tem of cable tramway locomotion wax inaugur- 

 ated in ]ss ( ; 



MellHiiiriie has a flourishing university, founded 

 in IX.V) largely through the instrumentality of Mr 

 Childers, iis HIM vice chancellor. There are three 

 altiliati-d colleges in jis immediate vicinity 

 Trinity ( Kjiiscopalian ), (^tieen's (\Vesleyan), and 

 Ormond (Presbyterian). The last one of the 

 finest educational structures in the southern L. i, i 

 sphere was built at the expense of the Hon. 



