134 



M KNDOZ A 



MEN IN 



remain-.; oiul lead milling, now much decreased in 

 importance, liiu been carried on limn pre Roman 

 days, calaniinc mining In-ing a later indu-ny. 



Mcndozn* a western department of the Argen- 

 tiin 1 Itepiihlic. with an area of .Vi.oon sc|. in., and 

 n IHIJI. (IV.I5) of 114.su. The Andes ,>cciipy the 

 western poition : Aconcagua (22,427 feet I, the 

 highest |>eak in America, is on the north t-i 

 frontier. Tlie rest of the province is pampa land, 

 fertile wheiever it oan be irrigated by the waters 

 of the Mcndo/Ji and other streams, but elsewhere 

 almost worthless. The annual rainfall U only 8 

 inches. Minerals, especially copper, abound, and 

 are beginning '<> '' worked ; peuolean and coal 

 have also been found. Vine- flourish, and a 

 large quantity of wine U cx|Mtrted to the oilier 

 province*. The miiiliil, .Mondoza, 630 miles by 

 rail \V. by N. of liueniM Ayres, is on the trans- 

 continental railway, which reached this point in 

 1884. It is a handsome town, lying among vine- 

 yards and garden*. 'J.'CJO feet al>ove the sea; its 

 street* have shade .trees anil streams of running 

 water, and the Alamcda is the most beautiful on 

 the continent. An active trade U carried on with 

 Chili. An earthquake in IStil destroyed Mendoza 

 (founded l.v.n, an.l i:),iNNiof its 14,600 inhabitant* i 

 many of the ruins are still visible in the larger city 

 which has been raised on its site. Pop. 20,(KK). 



Mfnilo7.il. the name of an illustrious family 

 that throughout Spanish history distinguished 

 ittelf wherever distinction W:LS to l>e won, in war, 

 statesmanship, diplomacy, the church, and litera- 

 ture. A descent from the < 'id has lieen claimed for 

 it ; but it was of Iktsipie origin, and its progenitors 

 the lords of P.i-ray some -.'cm-rations liefore tlie 

 ('id's time. Of its more notable ineinliers the first 

 U Inigo LO|M-/ ile Mendo/a, created Maniuis of 

 Santilhina by John II. of Castile in 1445 for his 

 services on the field of Ohncdo and elsewhere. 

 Besides being a gallant soldier, he was a wise 

 statesman and a sturdy patriot, and in himself a 

 pi <>of of the ti nth of his own saying, that ' the lance 

 never blunted the |>en, nor the |>en the lance," for 

 amonu tlie poets he stood next to Juan de Mena, 

 and his exiiui-itc little son;; of the ' Vaipiera de hi 

 Fmojosa' lias si-cured a place for him in every 

 Spanish anthology. He served literature, more- 

 over, by leaving an excellent account of the Pro- 

 vencal, Catalan, and Valencia!! |>o<-ts, and he has 

 a further claim to iMBMnbnBM as the first of folk- 

 lorists ami the I'n-t collector of popular proverlia 

 'such ;i.s the old women re]>eat over the fire.' The 

 nc.si famous of his si\ sons was 1'edro. Archbishop 

 of Toliilo. commonly called 'The (inind Cardinal,' 

 who won for inanv vears the trusted pi ime minister 

 of Ferdinand and Isabella, n man whose integrity 

 Knd nohlcne- of character, no less than his com 

 m. imlin^ abilities, nnik-- him a prominent figure in 

 an age W no means |x>or in great men. 



-st known of ili,- name is the mari|uis'n 

 great graiid-on, I>IK>.'> lit HI AIM* UK MI-AIHI/A 

 (130.1-75). tin- !:!!_ handed lieutenant to whom 

 Charles V. enliust.-d the conduct of his Italian 

 liolicy and tin- raprawotatkw of his views at tlie 

 Council ,,f TII-III. lie inherited a full niea-nie of 

 hi* n-at grandfather's pifls as a statesman and OH 

 a man of letters. Almost as much as his kinsman 

 ilaoo dc la Vega and Juan Itoscaii he a- 

 umenUil in ^laflin^ Italian po-iry on the 

 Spanish st'in. but ax n po,-t he was more national 

 than either of his allii-s. His largest work is his 

 ll'/ir ',/ iSriin-iil'i, a hisliiry of the revolt of the 

 Mnrix-iH-. in l.'rf'.s 70 against the oppi.-~Moii of 

 I'liilip II. It i- constructed on Ijitin m,..|eN. Imt 

 a maBterpiece of Spanish pr,e, markisl tluou^hout 

 by rnre narrative jmwer, and by a generous spirit 

 toward* the niL-erahlu Moriscoe^ which is rarer 



still. (Jreater n'ory vet would surround his name 

 ii his ri^ht t-o the little tale of l.iiznnllu </> '/';/,.< 

 could IM- jiroved, but his title, it must be confessed, 

 is not nuite clearly mode out. \Ve have, it is true, 

 the positive assert ion of the I'lemi-h scholar An, lie 

 in his catalogue of Siianish authors ( 1007), and we 

 must snp|Hise he hail evidence that satisfied him, 

 but what it was we know not. lieyon,! this there 

 is nothing but the i-oi/-,-n~n- of opinion in Spain, 

 the fact that there is no other claimant (for 

 inexorable dates di>po-- of I hi, -^a's claim ), and a 

 certain amount of circumstantial evidence, which, 

 however, partly rests upon the piohahh- but not 

 yet pio\e,l existence of u first edition printed at 

 Antwerp in I.Vi.'i. The silence of Mendoza ' family 

 and early editors is, however, no argument against 

 his authorship, hut rather the contrary. That 

 they should have Ix-en chary of claiming for him a 

 book full of lief ormat ion ideas is not strange, hut 

 it is strange that they should not have deuied, if 

 they could, his reported connection with it. 



Mciiolaus, in ancient Greek heroic history, was 

 king of Lacedu-nion, the younger brother or Aga- 

 memnon, and husband of the famous Helen (q.v.). 



Mones. See EGYPT (Chrotmliuiv n<l injury). 



Mciioviail, one of the subdivisions of the 

 Cambrian System (q.v.). 



Menus. AN TON KAI-IIAKI., artist and writer on 

 art, was born at Aussig, in IMicmia, March 12, 

 17-S. His lather, Israel Mengs, was himself a 

 painter, and from him young Kaphael received his 

 iii>t instructions in art. At the age of thirteen he 

 went to Home, where lie remained three years. On 

 his return to Dresden, in 1744, he was ap]>ointed 

 court-painter to the king of Poland and Saxony, but 

 was not prevented from In in^ at Koine, where he 

 l>ecame a Catholic and married. In 1754 he became 

 director of the school of painting of the Cnpitol. 

 After three years he visited Spain. To this 

 period belongs his most celebrated effort ; it repre- 

 sents the Apotheosis of the Kniperor Trajan, and is 

 <\ecntcd on the dome of the grand saloon in the 

 royal palace at Madrid. He returned again to 

 lifime in 177(1, where he died SUli June 177!). He 

 was a learned and scholarly painter, but his works, 

 though lofty in I heir subjects, seldom exhibit more 

 than a correct and cultivated taste. His writings 

 were edited in 1780. 



M"iiK-ts'. See MENCIUS. 



M<-iili:uli-ll {>'/ ii/n a HKii/itiifen), the name, 

 es-pcci.ilK in .Massachusetts and lihodc Island, of a 

 species of herring or shad, abundant oft the eastern 

 coast of the United States. Other local names are 

 \Vhiu-lish and Hardhead (in Maine), Hony i-'ish 

 and Mosshnnker (in New York). It is much used 

 for bait and is very rich in oil, while the refuse 

 furnishes valuable manure. Economically it is one 

 of the most important North American fishes. See 

 (;. 1>. (i(Mle's Natural Histvry of the Menhaden 

 ( Washington, 1870). 



Menhir. See STANDING STONES. 



M ; ni % r, MILE JUSTIN, French manufacturer 

 and writer, was Uirn at Paris on ISth May Isv'li, 

 and died at Noisiel sur-Marne, 17th February Issl. 

 !! estahlished at Noisiel the celebrated chocolate 

 factory, with a branch in Ixindon. chemical works at 

 St Iienis, and a sugar inanufactory at Hove, besides 

 a caoutchouc factory, and in Nicaragua a cocoa 

 plantation. A warm advocate of free trade, he 

 e.\|Hiundcd his views in Krnnoinie Jlurale (1875), 

 nitiiiiiifHr ('2 vols. 1875-78), iV'C. 



Mcliill. a town of West Flanders, lielgimn, 7 

 miles by rail S\V. of Courtrai. stands on !he left 

 bank of the LVH, which seiiarates it from France. 

 It was fortified by Viiuhan, Imt its works have been 

 demolished. Pop. ( 1800) 14, 1 16. 



