198 



MILL 



MILLBOARD 



for Westminster from 1863 to 1868. In parliament 

 lie voted with the advanced Kadical party; anil 

 hi- advocacy of women's suffrage in the deliates on 

 the Reform Bill of IS67 led to an active movement 

 for placing tin- !... >l :unl |x>litical rights of women 

 on an equality with those of men. Mill died at 

 Avignon, Hth May 1873, and was buried in the 

 cemetery there. 



In addition to the world already mentioned, Mill wa* 

 tlic author of Kaayi on tome unteltlnl Quotum t of 1'uliti- 

 tat Economy ( 1844 ). A viutte Comlt and Potilirim ( 1806 ), 

 Entriamtl nud Inland ( 18tW ), Subjection of Women ( 1KIJ1I |. 

 After hia death were nuhliahed A ulobioyi-aphy ( 1873), and 

 Tkrtf Koaiii on Reli<iii>n (1874). 1 1 in more important 

 occasional writing* nrv collected in four volumes of hit- 

 leiiatioui and />ucu*tiotu (1859-75). For hia life and 

 opinion*, tev biographic* hy A. Jtain (1882) ami W. I. 

 Courtney (188U), ami n utinly liy C. M. Douglaa (18U5). 



Mill, .loiix, a Ni-\v Testament critic, was bom 

 aliout KH.'i. at Shai) in Westmorland, cntciod 

 jinecn's College, Oxford, as servitor in 1661, and 

 was successively fellow and tutor of his college, 

 rector of Hlechingdon in Oxfordshire ( KiSl ), prin- 

 ci|Mtl of St Edmund's Hall ( KW.")), ami prebendary of 

 Canterlmrv (1704). He died 23d .lime 1707, just 

 fourteen (lavs after the publication of his great 

 ffovinii TrxtmiH ilium ili-n'i'HiH, with its thirty thou- 

 sand various readings, the lahour of thirty years. 



Millili*. SM: .ImiN KVKHKTT. I '. K. A. , painter, 

 wan born at Southampton, 8th June 182!), the 

 descendant of an ancient Jersey family. In the 

 winter of 1838 39 Millais began to attend the 

 drawing academy of Henry S.ISN, passing, two years 



later, into the sel Is of the Hoyal Araileniy. .\l 



the age of seventeen he exhibited at the Hoyal 

 Academy hi.s ' I'i/arro seizing the Inca of Peru,' 

 ranke<l Ky competent critics of the day as on a 

 level with tint licst hi-ini ieal subject* then shown. 

 Till now his work had lieen ii|>on the lines of 

 art generally current in England at the time ; 

 lint there followed a phase of revolt from accepted 

 standards, a ]>ciiod of search for new paths. )!' 

 liecame associated with the knot of young artists 

 known as the I're- Haphaelite Brotherhood, of 

 whom the other chiefs were Dante Gabriel Kossetli 

 and Holmaii Hunt ; and undoubtedly he was 

 markedly influenced by the powerful personalities 



of lioth of thesi i, ami by Mr Knskin their 



literary ally. From them, in particular, his art 

 received an impetus towards imagination and 

 -viiilHili-.nl, which as has liecn proved by the 

 curious absence of such qualities from his later 

 and more independent productions were to a 

 (rreat extent foreign to his native genius. His 

 marvellous technical skill enabled him to emliody 

 in visible artistic foiu ncepiions that were essen- 

 tially those of others with far greater adequacy 

 than their own less trained hands could possibly 

 have done. His first Prc-Haphaelite picture, a 

 scene from the /vi/ lln of Keats, strongly recall 

 ing the manner of the early Flemish and Italian 

 masters, figured in the Academy in 1840, whci. n 

 was followed ill IH.VI by the striking Tluist in 

 the HOIIHR of his 1'arcntn,' known a* 'The Car- 

 penter's Shop,' in 18.11 by 'The Woodman's 

 Itoughtor.' in IH.V2 bv 'the Huguenot' and 

 'Ophelia.' and in ls.13 l.y 'The Order of Release ' 

 and 'The l'r.,-ctil.ed Itovalist.' 



In |K.-><> In- was cbi-tiil an Associate of the Hoyal 

 Academy, and SIMPII afterwards lie exhibited three 

 of the riche.t and most inn-tic of the productions of 

 his I're .(Uphiii-lile | H -riiMl the Autumn Ix>av.'- in 

 18M, the ' Sir Isnmbras at the Ford ' in 18.57. and 

 'The Vale of Kest 'in IS.')!). In the liner of the works 

 which followed, such as 'Charlie is my Darling' 

 t!804) tin- \ear in which the painter received 

 tall academic honours 'The Miimet' (I86B). 

 and ' Itomalind and Celia' ( 1808), the precision and 



clear definition of 1're Kaphaelite methiHls still 

 sni\ive; but in the exquisite 'Gambler's \Vin- 

 (1869) there lM-canie visible a larger and freer 

 method of handling, which is vet more fully estab- 

 lished in ' The lioyhood of Raleigh ' ( 1870), a' picture 

 which, retaining a measure of the imaginative charm 

 of hU earlier subjects, marks the u an* it ion of his art 

 into its final and. technically, most imioU-rlv phase, 

 di-playing all the brilliant and effective colouring, 

 the effortless power of brush-work, and the delicacy 

 of flesh-painting. The interest and value of his 

 later works lay mainly in their splendid technical 

 qualities. In great part they are actual or fancy 

 portraits, varied by a few important laodaoapai, of 

 which in many ways the finest is ' Chill Oetolicr' 

 \ 1871), and by such an occasional ligure-pieee as 

 ' The Nor tli -west I'ussajre' ( 1873) and ' Kllie heans ' 

 (1S77). Millais executed a few (.-tellings, and his 

 innumerable illustrations, dating from about ls.".7 

 to 1864, and most of them published in Cianl ]\'nrtls. 

 Once <i HVr/., and the (,'nrn/ii/t Miit/n:iiie, placed 

 him in the first rank of woodcut designers. He 

 was D.C.L. of Oxford; in 18S."> he was creat' 

 l!aro!iet; he \v:us elected I'.K.A. in February 1896, 

 and died 13th August of the same year. A collec-- 

 tion of nearly twenty of his works was brought 

 together by the Fine Arts Society. London, in, 

 1881, and 159 examples of his art formed the 

 Grosvenor Gallery Winter Exhibition in 1S80. 



See Ruskin'g Notes on that exhibition ; Armstrong's 

 Life and Work of SfiUau (1885 I; Sir \V. Kichmond, 

 l..,iht(m, Millait, and William M,,rri (1898); SI. H. 

 Spielmann, Sliltait and hit Work ( 1898). 



.lliilail. atown of Aveyron, France, on the Tarn, 

 52 miles NW. of Montpellier. During the Kith 

 ami 17th centuries it was a Calvinist stronghold. 

 Leather and gloves are manufactured, and in wool 

 then- is a gi>d trade. 1'op. ( 1872) 13,879 ; ( 1886 ) 

 14,705 ; ( 1891 ) 15,871. 



Millbailk Prison, or The Penitentiary, de- 

 molished in 1891, wius situated in the parish of St 

 John's. Westminster, facing the Thames. It was 

 erected at an enormous cost to carry out the plans 

 of the philanthropist- Howard and P.entham ; the 

 latter's contract with the Treasiny wjis signed in 

 IT'-il, but the building was not actuallv commenced 

 till 1812, and not completed till 1821. It had 

 accommodation for ll(H) prisoners, and was so con- 

 Minded that, from a room in the centre, the 

 governor was able to view every one of the cells, 

 in which solitary conlinement was rigidly enforced. 

 ConvicU condemned to penal servitude used to 

 undergo first a term of solitary eonlinement in 

 Millbailk ; but the prison ceased to be a convict 

 establishment in May ISSli, and was finally closed 

 in November ISitO. See Griffiths, Muniiriuls of 

 M,lllH,nh('2A ed. 1884). 



Millboard is the name -i\,-n to 'board ' made 

 of jmper material, mid varying in thickness from 

 ,Vth to Jth of an inch. It is of a gray colour, as the 

 various Kinds of waste substances \i/. old ropes, 

 old Backing, scraps of paper and of cardboard Horn 

 which it is usually made are not bleached either 

 separately or when mixed and reduced to a pulp, O8 

 ill the niannfactnreof white paper (see I'M i I:, The 

 best milllioard. such as that employed for binding 

 ledgers, is made on moulds by hand ; but by far the 

 larger i|iiantity of millboard imt on the market is 

 machine made. In the machine commonly used 

 a revolving wire-cloth cylinder dips into a cistern 

 containing the pulp, and takes on a layer of it 

 alMiut the thickiie-s of Mont brown paper. This 

 pulpy la\er is by pressure taken continuously off 

 the wire cylinder by a felt blanket passing over a 

 wmxl roller. The felt carries the single layer, in 

 the wet slate, to a pair of rollers 7 feet away from 

 the wire cylinder. Here the layer is wound upon 



