241 



MCESO-GOTHS 



MOHAMMKM 



conflict with the Gaulish or Ohio invaders of 

 tin- land, who luiil settled in Western Mo-sin two 

 hundred years previously : hut they did not con- 

 i|ii.-r \Ve-tern or Upper Mo-sia until 29 B.C. and 

 rii or Lower Mo-sia until \~< n.c. To protect 

 these provinces from the Dacians and Barmatiani 

 ]>. in.l tin- river, a wall was built iuul fortified 

 posts erected along the Danulie. The Empeioi 

 Valens permitted tin- Visigoths to settle in Ifadt 

 in 37.1 A.I>. From the 5th to the 7th century 

 Western Ma-sia was colonised by the Slav races 

 \vh.. still occupy it, aud Eastern Moesia by the 

 Bulgarians. 



Ma'SO-ftoths. the name given to the <;oths 

 (<[.v. ) who in the 31 century and in the 5th settled 

 in Lowi-r Mo-sia. It was" for them that Ullilas 

 (q.v.) translated the Scriptures. 



Moll'at. a pleasant watering-place and burgh of 

 barony (I 635) in Upper Annandale, I lumfricsshire, 

 61 miles SS\V. of Edinburgh by road, ami 64 by a 

 short branch ( 1883) of the Caledonian Railway. It 

 li.-~ :(7i i feet aUive sea-level, engirt by round grassy 

 hills (the loftiest, Hartfell, 2551 feet), and in the 

 midst of delightful scenery, chief features of which 

 are 'dark Loch Skene,' the Grey Mare's Tail, nml 

 the Devil's Beef-tub. Its mineral springs, the 

 principal of which, like that of Harrogate, is 

 saline and sulphurous, have been celebrated since 

 Hi."):}; and its visitors have included Home, Hume, 

 Carlyle, ' Ossian Macpherson,' Boswell, Blair, Bums, 

 and William Black. Pop. (1841) 1413; (1881)8101) 

 ( 1891 ) 2291. See Turnbull's History of Mo/at. 



MnfTat, ROBERT, missionary, was born at 

 Ormiston, East Lothian, 21st December 1795. 

 While following the occupation of a gardener at 

 High Leigh, Cheshire, in 1815, he offered himself 

 for the mission -field. His services were accepted 

 by the London Missionary Society, and he sailed for 

 South Africa in 1816. He arrived at Capetown in 

 January 1817, and proceeded northwards beyond the 

 boundaries of Cape Colony and begau his labours 

 (January 1818) in (Jreat Xamaqiialand at the kraal 

 of Afrikaner, a chief who from being a terror to the 

 neighbouring districts of the colony had embraced 

 Christianity, and now showed a desire for its pro- 

 motion. (>n December 27, 1819, MolTat married 

 Mary Smith (1795-1870), daughter of his former 

 employer at Dukin field near Manchester, who proved 

 a worthy helpmate. He made several journeys 

 and laboured at various stations before he settled 

 at Kuruman( 1826-70) in Bechuanaland. north of the 

 ( iange Kiver. There he wrought a marvellous work 

 in reforming the habits of the natives, and Kuru- 

 maii became a centre of Christian light and civil- 

 isation. Wherever In- went he preached the gosi>el, 

 and guided the people ill the arts of civilised life. 

 Hi- learned the Scchwami language, and printed 

 in it the New Testament ( 1840), the Old Testament 

 (1H37), and several religious works. Mollat spent 

 about five years in England (183843). where 

 he had an enthusiastic reception, and published 

 his Labours and Scene* in South Africa (1842), 

 which gave a graphic description of his miMOMry 

 tours and remarkable adventures. In 1843 MoH'at 

 returned to liis labours reinforced by other mis-ion 

 aricH, remaining till IS70, when he finally; relumed 

 to England lifter fifty-four years spent in Afiico. 

 In 1*7:1 he w.xs presented 'with i'.VXK) in recog- 

 nition of his gnait services He lectured on African 

 mis-ions in Westminster Ablx-y in 1876, and in 

 i-M wax entertained .it a hnn<|iict by the Lord 

 or of London. He died at the village pi 

 h. Kent, Slth August IssS. It may 1 

 that Mollat 's intliicnce drew Livingstone to Africa; 

 it was to Kuruman Livingstone went first, and he 

 married Mary Motl'at. S.-e /,<, of Robert and 

 Mary Moffut, by J. S. Mollat ( 1885). 



Moflissil (from an Arabic \\oi.l nu-aning 

 'separate'), a term commonly used by Anglo- 

 Indians for the rural part of a district as opposed to 

 the administrative headquarters. Thus in llengal 

 the Mofiissil means practically the whole province 

 beyond the city of Calcutta. 



Moeartor, or SriciKA, a seaport 130 miles 

 \VS\V. of the city of Morocco. I 'op. alMint 19,000, 

 of whom 8000 are Jews and 200 Europeans. It 

 stands on a rocky promontory oppaita a small 

 island, the channel between whiell forms the 

 somewhat indifferent liarUiur. It is the best 

 built and most modern town in I be empire, 

 having been laid out in 1760 by Corniil, a l-'reneh 

 engineer. (In its landward side the place is sur- 

 rounded by drifting sandhills, but the climate is 

 salubrious," dry, and tein|!rate. In the Kasbah or 

 Castle, extended in 1865 by the 'New Ka.sbah,' 

 live the governor and oilier Moorish otlicials, 

 nearly all the Christians, the consular coips, and 

 a number of protected Jews : here also are the 

 government offices. The Mcdtuah is exclusively 

 a Moorish quarter, while the Mellah is allotted 

 to the sorely oppressed Hebrews. Mogador is 

 the seat of a considerable trade with the interior, 

 and next to Tangier is of all the Moioccan ports 

 the one frequented by most shipping. Caravans 

 reach it from Timbuktu, and it is the outlet 

 not only for the cities of Morocco and liemnat, 

 but for the whole of the Si'is country. It ex- 

 ports almonds, olive-oil, wool, goat skins, hair, 

 gum-arabic, beans, lemons (citrons), &c. Com- 

 merce is mainly in the .lews' hands. The chief 

 imports are woollens, cottons, glass, candles, tin 

 and copper sheets, and hardware generally. Its 

 manufactures are brass trays, daggers, furniture of 

 ftrar wood, woollen cloth, \c. The total iniiiorto 

 are on an average worth about 197. (HIO, am! the 

 exports l7~>,tHKi per annum, of which fully three- 

 fourths arc sent I rom or taken to Cleat I'.riiain. 

 3e lirown's edition of PMuw's Adventures ( 1890 ). 

 MoiiilHl. See M.HIll.KKH. 

 Homier, a town and small port of Spain, on the 

 Rio Tinto, near ite mouth, and 8 miles E. of Huelva, 

 with some trade. Pop. 8322. 



Mogul, also spelt Moahiil and Mughal, is really 

 but another form of Mo<ji>l. The term 'great 

 Mogul' is the popular designation of the empeior 

 of Delhi in India. The first Creat Mogul was 

 Baber (q.v.), a descendant of Timnr the Tartar 



or Tamerlane (q.v.) ; he founded tl mpin- in 



iv.'ti. The dynasty lost its power and territories 

 to the Knglish in 1765. The last emperor, having 

 joined the rebels in ls.">7, died a prison. ! in Kan- 

 goon (1802). See Keeiie, Moijhtil Empire (1866). 



Moll.U'S, a market-town of Hungary, on the 

 western arm of the Danulie, 37 miles by rail ESE. 

 of Fiinfkirchen. It is a station for tteamboata on 

 the DanulMj, and the seat of considerable trade- in 

 wine. coal, timber, and agricultural produce. Pop. 

 lt.ua. Here, on 2!Hh August 1526, Louis II. of 

 Hungary, with 25,0(K) Hungarians, met the Sultan 

 Soliman at the head of JIXI.IKKI Turks. The battle 

 resulted in the disastrous defeat of the Hungarians, 

 who lost their king, seven bishops, many nobles 

 and dignitaries, and upwards of 22,000 men. In a 

 second battle fought MM OB August 12, 1687, the 

 Turks in their turn were defeated by an Aimtro- 

 Hiingarian army under Charles of Lorraine. 



MollUir. the wool of the Angora Coat (q.v.). 

 Few animals have so beautiful a covering as the 

 fine, soft, silky, long, and always pure white wool 

 of this goat. See WOOb 



Molinilimrd (Miilnimmnd, and less correctly 

 Miil<:iiii<t ; Arab., ' I 'raised '), the founder of Islam. 

 He was born about the year 570 A.I)., at Mecca, 



