209 



MOHAWKS 



MOKANNA 



women in boglhMuh down Snowhill, an<l Swift 

 told Stella of a report that eighty of tlirin had 

 been put into prison ; while Lady Wetitwortli, 

 writing to her son Lord Stratford", says, ' I am 

 very much MghtBMd with the fyer, but much 

 more with a gang of devils thai cull themselves 

 Mohocks.' A royal proclamation was issued 

 against them, March IS, 1712. 



Mohawks. See IROQCOIS. 



Mollic ails, or MoiiEciANS, a warlike sub-tribe 

 of Delaware Indians, which in the 17th century 

 settled in Connecticut, and afterwards helped the 

 English against the French, and the colonists 

 against the English. Of the few survivors, some 

 remain at Norwich, anil the rest are in Kansas and 

 at Green Kay, \Vi-coiisin. Their name has become 

 widely known through Cooper's novel, The Last of 

 the Mohin' 



MiiliilctI'. or MOOII.EFF, the capital of a govern- 

 ment in European Russia, is situated on the right 

 bank of the Dnieper, 95 miles SVV. of Smolensk. 

 It is the seat of a Greek and a Koman Catholic 

 archliishop. their respective cathedrals dating from 

 1780 and 1692, and has an old castle, and a town- 

 house built in 1079. Tanning is the principal 

 industry. There is an active trade in cereals, 

 leather, brandy, salt, sugar, fish, timber, &c. Pop. 

 4."i,.'ill, fully two-thirds being Jews. The town 

 was burned down by 1'eter the Great for strategical 

 reasons in 1708. Here on 23d July 1812 the French 

 under Davout defeated the Russians under Bagra- 

 tion. The government has an area of 13,551 sq. in. 

 and a pop. (1891) of 1,417,169. 



tlohilcfT. or MOGILOFF, a town of Podolia, 

 Russia, is situated on the left bank of the Dniester, 

 190 miles NW. of Odessa. Pop. 19,500. 



Mohl. JULES, orientalist, was l>orn at Stuttgart, 

 2.">th OctoW 1800, and educated for the Lutheran 

 Church at Tubingen. But at an early age he was 

 irresistibly attracted to oriental studies, and in 

 1823 he lietook himself to the famous Silyestre 

 de Saey and Kemusat at Paris. He was nominally 

 professor at Tubingen from 1826 to 1833, lint he 

 lived all his life in Paris, becoming a member of 

 the Institute in 1844, and professor of Persian at 

 the College de France in 1847. He was long secre- 

 tary to the Socicte Asiatiqne, and his admirably 

 learned and luminous annual reports on the pro- 

 gress of oriental learning were collected by 

 Madame Mohl, under the title Vingt-sept Ans 

 il'II,stoire des Etude* Orientates (2 vols. 1879-80). 

 His great edition of the Shah Ndmeh was published 

 in >ix folio volumes, from 1838 till 1868; a iiosthu- 

 moiis seventh volume, edited by Meynard, com- 

 pleted the gigantic undertaking in 1878 ( Fr. 

 trans., 7 vols., in same year). Mohl died 3d 

 January 1876. He was a scholar of altogether 

 unusual breadth of mind, and exercised a wide 

 influence on his contemporaries, to which his 

 charming and accomplished wife, nee Mary Clarke, 

 contributed in no small degree. Her salon was 

 one of the few centres at Paris of high thinking, 

 refinement, and brilliant talk in the degradation 

 of the Second Empire. 



See Kathleen O'Meart's Madame Mohl : her Salon and 

 Friend* ( 1886) ; Mm Simpton'i Lrtteri and Ittrollcrtiont 

 of Juliui and Mary MoU (1887); and Max-Muller'i 

 Jliofirapaical Euayi ( 1888). 



Mohlrr, JOHANX ADAM, Roman Catholic 

 theologian, wan liorn at Igersdieim, in \Viirtem- 

 l>crg. May 6, 1796, and studied at the university 

 of Tubingen, where, after lieing theological tutor, 

 lie liccame ordinary professor of Theology in 1828. 

 His earliest publication was a treatise On the 

 Unity of the Church (1825), which was followed, 

 in 1827, by a historico theological essay on Athan- 

 aaius. But his reputation, both posthumous and 



among his own con tern poraries, rests mainly on 

 liis well-known Symbol**, a work on the doctrinal 

 differences between Catholic* and Protestants, as 

 represented by their public confessions of faith 

 ( Is:f2). This remarkable Ixxik passed through (ive 

 large editions in six years, was translated into all 

 the leading languages of Europe, ami drew forth 

 numerous criticisms and rejoinders, the most con- 

 siderable of which is that of Baur (q.v.), 1833. 

 To this Molilcr replied in 1H.H4, and next year he 

 accepted a professorship in the new university of 

 Munich. He died April 12, IH38. His miscellane- 

 ous works were collected and published posthu- 

 mously (2 vols. 1839-40) by Dr Dollinger. 



Muidart. See INVERNESS-SHIRE. 



Moidorc, a former gold coin of Portugal, worth 

 27s. sterling. 



Moir. DAVIP MACBETH, a minor Scottish poet 

 and humorist, was born at Mussclbiirgh, January 

 .">, 17!s. and practised there as a physician till his 

 death, July 6, 1851. He was much beloved by his 

 friends for his amiability, and he earned a wide 

 popularity, and made his pen-name of Delta (A) 

 famous in Scotland at least by his verses contrib- 

 uted to BlaeluBOOfFt Magutuu. Of these a collec- 

 tion was made by Thomas Aird in 1852. Of more 

 lasting merit is his genuinely humorous and still 

 popular Antti/iioifraphy of Mtuuii Wtnirh (1828). 

 Other books of less value were Outlines of the 

 Ancient History of Medicine (1831) and Poetical 

 Literature of the fast Httlf-century ( 1851 ). 



Moira, EARL OF. See HASTINGS ( MARQUIS OF). 



Moire (from the French verb moirer, to water 

 silk in a large pattern, as distinguished from 

 tabiser, to water or wave it in a small pattern), 

 silks figured by the peculiar process called 'water- 

 ing.' The silts for this purpose must lie broad 

 and of a good substantial make ; thin and narrow- 

 pieces will not do. They are wetted, and then 

 folded with particular care, to ensure the threads 

 of the fabric lying all in the same direction, and 

 not crossing each other, except as in the usual way 

 of the web and the warp. The folded pieces of 

 silk are then submitted to an enormous pressure, 

 generally in a hydraulic machine. I!y this pressure 

 the air is slowly expelled, and in escaping draws 

 the moisture into curious waved Hues, which leave 

 the permanent marking called watering. The 

 finest kinds of watered silks are known as Moires 

 antiques. The same process has been applied to 

 woollen fabrics called Moreen, which is only an 

 alteration of the word moire. 



Moissac, a town in the French department of 

 Tarn-et-Garonne, on the river Tarn, 111 miles SK. 

 of Bordeaux. It has a very interesting church, 

 built between 1100 and 1400. * Pop. 5692. 



Mokanna. HAKIM m.\ ATTAII, called AL- 

 MOKAXXA, 'The Veiled,' was the founder of a 

 sect in Khornssan. who first appeared in the 8th 

 century, during the reign of Aimahdi, the third 

 Ahasside calif. He commenced his career as a 

 soldier. In a fight, an arrow pierced one of his 

 eyes, and in order to hide this deformity he hence- 

 forth ronstnntly wore a veil, a habit attributed 

 by his followers- to the necessity of shrouding from 

 the eve of the beholder the da/./ling rays which 

 issued from his divine countenance. Mokanna set 

 himself up as an incarnation of God. Among 

 other miracles, he is said to have caused a moon 

 or moons to issue from a deep well. Mokanna 

 found many adherents, and his little band in- 

 creased so that ere long he was able to seize upon 

 several fprtilied places. But Almahdi marched 

 against him, and after a long siege took his strong- 

 hold of Kash (780 A.D.), when, together with the 

 remnant of his army, the veiled one took poison. 



