MONTEZ 



UOKTFORT 



capital : as it is, posse-Mug tlie advantage of a 

 large natural harbour, it may even yet become 

 again a dangerous rival, should tlie necessary 

 harliour-works ever be constructed. It lias com- 

 iiitiniuation by steamer with the Unite<l States anil 

 Kuro|ie, and on five days a week with Buenos 

 Ay res. Ita foreign trade "is that of I" ruguav ( q. y. ). 

 Tlie manufactures are more numerous than im- 

 portant, but have increased of late years nearly as 

 fast as the population. In 1877 there were 110,167 

 inhabitants, in 1889 there were 214,082, in 1894, 

 225,680; of these nearly half were foreigner*. 

 This foreign element mainly drawn from Italy, 

 France, and Spain, and engaged principally in 

 retail trade is a very noticeable feature of Monte- 

 video life. A fort was built on the Cerro, by the 

 Spaniards, in 1717, and the first settlement of 

 tlie town made in 1726 ; a century later (1828) it 

 became the capital of the newly-formed republic 

 of Banda Oriental. Its later history will be round 

 iiinler URUGUAY. See books on the river Plate by 

 Mulhall (5th ed. 1885) and Levey (2d ed. 1890), 

 and Vincent's Around and About South America 

 (1890). 



Moiltez, LOLA, adventuress, was bom in 1818 

 at Limerick, and was christened Marie Dolores 

 Eliza Kosanna, her father l>eiiig an Ensign Gilliert, 

 her mother of Spanish descent. Taken out to 

 India, she there lost her father by cholera; and, 

 her mother having remarried, Dolores ( or Lola ' ) 

 was sent home in 1826 to Europe, and brought up 

 at Montrose, in Paris, and at Hath. To escape 

 the match, arranged by her mother, with a gouty 

 old judge, she eloped with a Captain James, 

 whom in July 1837 she married at Neath ; but the 

 marriage ended in a separation and in her return 

 from India ( 1842). She now turned dancer, com- 

 ing out at Her Majesty's Theatre ; and after visits 

 to Dresden, Berlin, Warsaw, St Petersburg, and 

 Paris ( where she formed a liaison with Dujarrier, 

 a young Republican editor, who fell in a duel), she 

 came towards the close of 1846 to Munich. There 

 she soon won an ascendency over the eccentric 

 artist-king, Louis I., who created her Countess of 

 Landsfeld, and allowed her 5000 a year. For 

 more than a twelvemonth she was all-powerful, 

 her power directed in favour of Liberalism and 

 against the Jesuits; but the revolution of 1848 sent 

 her once more adrift on the world. Again she 

 man led I this time a Lieutenant Heald), a marriage 

 as unlucky its the liist ; and, after touring (1851- 

 56) through the Stales and Australia, and after 

 two more ' marriages ' in California, in 1858 she de- 

 livered in New York a series of lectures written 

 for her by C. Chauncey liurr. She died, a penitent, 

 at Astoria, Long Island, on 17th January 1861, 

 her last four months devoted to ministering in a 

 Magdalen asylum near New York, and was buried 

 in Greenwood Cemetery. See her Atitubiogi-ttjihij 

 , and The Story of a Penitent ( 1867). 



llonh'/lllliil. the name of two of the emperors 

 of Mexico. Montezuma I., tlie most able of the 

 Mexican emperors, ascended the throne aliout 1437, 

 and soon after commenced a war with the neigh- 

 bonring monarch of Chalco, which resulted in the 

 annexation of that kingdom to Mexico, lie next 

 eni-hed a confederacy of the Tlascalans, and 

 rei-ned safely till his death in 1471. Montezuma 

 II., the last of the Mexican emperors, succeeded 

 to I he throne in 1502. Already distinguished as a 

 warrior, henceforth he devoted his chief attention 

 to tin- improvement of the laws, and indulged his 

 taste for poni|> and luxury at the cost of heavy 

 taxation, leading to frequent revolts among his 

 subject*. When Cortes landed in Mexico with his 

 small army in 1519 Monte/uina tried to buy oil' 

 the dreaded enemy, but all his temporising could 



not prevent the conqueror's progress to hi- capital. 

 Soon he him-elf was practically a prisoner in the 

 Spanish camp, and when the citizens rose in lev.ilt 

 Cortes brought out Monte/uina in order to pacify 

 them ; but an accidental wound from a stone Hung 

 from amongst the crowd of his own subject* 

 proved a climax to all the indignities he had suf- 

 fered. Me repeatedly tore tlie bandages from his 

 wound, and soon after died broken hearted, June "pit, 

 1520. Some of his children adopted the Christian 

 religion, and his eldest son received from Charles 

 V. the title of Count of Monte/uma. One of his 

 descendants was viceroy of Mexico from Ill'.iT to 

 1701. His bust descendant. Don Marsiliode Teruel, 

 Count of Monte/uina, was banished from Spain by 

 Ferdinand VII. .and afterwards from Mexico, on 

 account of his lilieral opinions, and died at New 

 Orleans in l*i. See CORTES. 



MoiltfVrrat. formerly an independent duchy of 

 Italy, between Piedmont, Milan, and Genoa, now 

 forming part of the kingdom of Italy. It consisted 

 of two separate portions, both lying between the 

 Maritime Alps and the Po, and having a united 

 area of over 1300 sq. m. The capital was Casale. 

 After the downfall of the Frankish empire. Mont- 

 ferrat was ruled by its own nmn|ui.-es till the be- 

 ginning of the 14tli century. This house sent ite 

 most illustrious sons to take part in the Cms; 

 especially Conrad, the defender of Tyre against 

 Salad in, and the competitor with Guy de Lusigimn 

 for the crown of Jerusalem : and Boniface, who 

 became ruler of Thessalia. lolande or Irene, sister 

 and heiress of the lost male of the house, was 

 empress of Constantinople: her second son be- 

 came the founder of the family of Montferrat- 

 Pala-ologus, which l>ecanie extinct in l.">.'f.'i. and 

 Montferrat then passed to the Gon/agas of Mantua, 

 In 1631 the Dukes of Savoy obtained a portion of 

 Montferrat, and in 1703 the remaining portion. 



llontt'orl. I/AMAVRI, the name of a noble 

 French house, traditionally descended from a mar- 

 riage (end of loth century i between the heiress ,,{ 

 Montfort and Kpernon and William of Haimiult, 

 great-grandson of Baldwin, Count of Flanders, the 

 third husband of Judith, daughter of Charles the 

 Bald. The name was taken from the castle of 

 Montfort lictween Paris and Charlres. lls most 

 famous members were the great Simon de Montfort 

 and his father, Sii ...... IV.. Comte de Montfort and 



Karl of Leicester, subsequently Comte de Toulouse, 

 the ruthless persecutor of the Alhigenses. He was 

 born about the year 1160, went on a fruitless 

 crusiide to Palestine, but heizan alvotit 1208 the 

 more congenial crusade of extermination against 

 the harmless hcrciics in the south of France. II" 

 was killed by a stone at the siege of Toulouse, 25th 

 June 1218. 'See AU;I..I:N>I s. 



.MonlTorf, SIMON UK, Earl of Leicester, the 

 fourth son of the preceding, and of Alice de Mont- 

 niorency, was IKIIII aliout the begriming of the 

 13th century. Theiilleof Karl of Leicester came 

 to him by his grandmother, Amicia de Beau- 

 mont, sister and co heiress of Robert, Karl of 

 l.ei,-.--tcr: and in 123" we lind him in England, 

 when- he was well r ...... ived by Henry III., ami 



confirmed in his title and estates two years later. 

 He married in 123* the king's youngest sister 

 Eleanor, who had been betrothed to the Karl of 

 Pembroke, and who, in the grief of an enthusiastic 

 girl of sixteen, at his death had taken in her haste 

 a vow of i>erpetual chastity, but never proceeded to 

 take the veil. The marriage aroused the jealousy 

 of the barons and the denunciation* of the church, 

 whereupon Simon repaired to Koine, and there 

 succeeded by gold in obtaining the pope's sanc- 

 tion. In June 12HSI he was godfather at the 

 baptism of Prince Edward, but three months later 



