MttN 



MOON 



The last are usually divided among several re- 

 <-ipient-. iiiul fur ihexe there seems to be a some- 

 .i.it liberal standard of interpretation, for in a 

 single year ( 1HH4 ), for example, we find awards 

 given to a Journey to Japan, a Life of (ieneral 

 Clian/y, a Histoiy of KnglUh Literature, ami an 

 Kjaay on Laughter. The Mime indulgence ext<-n<U 

 aim to romance, all that seems required being some 

 literary merit ami a fair average of morality. In 

 Hteail of rewarding woiks specially advantageous to 

 moiitliiy. tin- Academy IIBM ben reduced to the 

 necessity of crowning tho-c which UK- content 

 merely to respect it. In!- idcmv iu-crptil 



a legacy of 10,000 francs to recompense particularly 

 liliiii pietv . \ - icty was formed in 1K.'{3 t publish 

 cheap lives and portraits of all men to 1* regarded 

 ax benefactor. to their -|N-C>CS : whether the U-nevo- 

 lent. as Montvon, Howard, ami Mrs Fry, or siieciol 

 01 initiators like .lemier. Franklin, Ihivy, ami .lac- 

 quanl. A medal hearing the beads of Montvon 

 and Franklin was struck at its foundation, ami a 

 gold medal if riven every year. See Memoir of 

 Mnntyon l.y IjiU.ur (Pariii, 1*881 ), and Taillandier's 

 Prixde Vrrttt (1877). 



Monument*. The Ancient Monuments Pro- 

 tection Act of isvj constitutes the ( 'ommissioners 

 of Worin gum.] MII- .if a certain IIIIIII|HT (some 

 evenly groups) of monuments in limit Britain 

 and In-land : ami provides for their being made 

 guardians of as many more a* from time to time 

 the owners shall put under their care. The owners 

 retain all their rights nave as regards injuring or 

 defacing the protected iiKinuiiients ; any ]ici-on 

 defacing or injuring them is liable to a fine not 

 exceeding 5, or imprisonment for a month. The 

 Commissioners, the specially appointed Ins|>ecU)r 

 .I Ancient Monument*, and their workmen are to 

 have access to do what may he necessary to protect 

 the monument* In France famous castles and 

 churches, as well as dolmens. AC., are among the 

 wiinumriiti hiituriijiir* protected by law. 



about |i pupil- lie published volum. 



inon and other works. iSee the authorised Life by 



\V II. MiKNly ( 1900). 



Muoltnn. See MI-I.TAS. 



Moon, the satellite of the earth. It ranks 

 among the larger satellite), of our system, la-ing an 

 almost |icrlect sphere of 2160 miles in diametei. 

 It revolve- at a mean distance from the earth's 



i. -mi _':;-.: mile*. Its total mil-face is O'OT I 



of the earth's, or in MJ. in. 14,6f>7,4<C2 ; and its 

 volume n <r2o:t4 of the earth's, or in culiic mile* 

 UKI.IKKI. or in leim- of the sun's volume only 

 ;4i>'i>u- I'" niass i- null's of the earths, or ill 

 I. ins ^,000,000,000,000,000,000. Its density i- 



.{-.|7 that of water, or II (\'.\ that of tl artli! It 



travels in its mliit with a \elocity of :t4 feet |T 

 second, and iu equatorial velocity of rotation is 

 10 miles per hour. Presenting as large a surface 



uiciently the capital of the I/omluirds, to whose 

 queen.Theoifeliiida, it owes it schief public buildings, 

 notably the cathedral (.~>!l.~>; reci instructed in the 14th 

 ci-ntury j ; it was noted for its wealth and its exten 

 sive i loth trade in the middle age. It has an inter 

 .-tinir town hall ( l'_".i.'t), a royal palace ( 1777), and 

 manufactures of cottons, hats, leather. Ac. The 

 cathedral contains many relics of Theodelimla, and 

 the famous Iron Crown (see CROWN, Vol. III., p. 

 680), restored by Austria in 1866. Pop. IT.nTT. 



Moody, DWIOIIT I.VM \N. cMingelint, was born 

 Felituai y". r ., 1VI7. at Northlield, Massachusetts. In 

 1HS4, after a youth of great |n>verty, he went to 

 lloston. when-, during his two vear' i-rvice as a 

 *lio|niian, he iMH-nmiM'on vertex!. He went to Chicago 

 in 1H.VI, and here was active in Sunday school mis- 

 sion work; and from Is.'.s he devoted him-elf en- 

 tirely to Christian work. During the civil war he 

 served the Christian Commission, ami afterwards 

 became practically the head of the Voting Men's 

 Christian Association work in Chicago. In |s7l he' 

 wan joined l,y Ira I. Sankcy. an ell'eetive singer, 

 his life long colleague. They worked with great 

 success in nn>st of the princiiml cities of (lie Tinted 

 KUtes.and m \<:\. 1881, and 1 >>:( in !reat Itritain. 

 Mr Mi~.lv di.-d at N'orthfiel.l, DecemlsT *>, IKW1. 

 Here are tne great school* for IHIVS and girls, started 

 in his own home in 1879; they aci nminodate now 



K:_- 1. 



to the eye as the sun, and changing both it.s form 



and |M>sition with great rapidity, it has mvessaiily 

 always attracted a large measure of attention, and 

 has proved in early ages and among savage peoples 

 the most useful of the heavenly lushes tor the 

 measurement of time. Its motions, always in 

 teresting, have in modern times lieen most can- 

 fully otwerved and calculated, from their great 

 value in enabling the traveller and navigator to 

 determine the longitude (see LATHTHK ASM 



LoBornroi). 



The explanation of the moon's changes of shape, 

 from a thin crescent to a full disc, is the first prob- 

 lem presented to the most careless obseiver. A 

 little watching shows that these are due conjointly 

 to the gloliular form of the moon, its motion, and 

 the fact that it does not shine by native light, hill 

 simply reflects the' solar rays. The illuminated 

 (or rmirtjr) edge of its figure i- always turned 

 towaids the -nn. \\lien right opposite the sun 

 it ap|H-ars as full, and sometime- is so situated aa 

 to be partially ob-ciued by the earth's shadow, 

 the earth intercepting the solar light by which 

 alum- it shines. When it is near the sun in the 

 sky it appears as a thin en-scent, turning almost 

 entirely its dark side to the earth. Sometimes, at 

 new moon, it comes Ix'tvveen us and the sun, ob- 

 mg his disc either in a partial or total l-'.clipse 

 (ij.v.l. At either Imlj ' inmiii the moon is said to 

 In- in ifiunlrtitiin . or in the ' lirst ' or ' last i|iiarler.' 

 At new and full moon it is said to lie in .\< 

 (<Jk. *yn, ' together ;' c.i/yo/i, 'yoke'). ( liir own 

 >alion will soon show that these changes 

 result from the constant illumination of one side 

 of the moon, and constant darkness of the other, 

 the crescent being larger or smaller as, from the 

 moon's change Or pontoon, we see more or less of 

 the bright side. 



Thus we see that the moon's phases depend on 

 its motions over the sky, with n fei.-me M> the 

 un. These motions and their causes we next. 

 consider. 4'"' "' >" most convenient in doing 

 O tO disCUSS lirst the U)>p<ncnt ir<,t>lilt : e. til* 



