304 



MORAY 



MORE 



yean at Herrnlmt. At the meeting in 1889, a 

 synodal resolution was (Missed practically abolish- 

 ing the use of llie lt. Tin-re are also provincial 

 synods ami conferences, anil each congregation is 

 governed liy its own Elders' Conference, which con- 

 sit- of nil 'tin- male and female ' laltourers.' The 

 hisliops. of wlioin then- are eighteen, enjoy no 

 special privileges in the way of rank or salary, lint 



have the wile |MIWIT of ordaining. Tl rdinary 



church service is largely liturgical, and hymn- 

 sin^in.: has always lieen a prominent feature of 

 Moiaviaii woisliip. The Mono iaiis have no formal 

 confession, though at an earlv period they declared 

 their adhesion to the AjMMUg Confession, and 

 t lie litany which is use<l on Easter Sunday and two 

 other Sunday- is really a creed. The I'nity is 

 divided into'three provinces: the British, with 3S 

 congregations and ."!< w ineniUTs ; the German, 

 with 'J7 congregations and JS.S74 iiiemliers ; and 

 the American, with (Mi aongngationi and 17,848 

 memliers. At Ayr, in Scotland (the birthplace 

 of .James Montgomery), there is a congregation 

 with 6.) iiiemliers. The Moravian Church has 

 all along hccn distinguished for its missionary 

 ami educational activity, and is par excellenre 

 the missionary church of Christendom. The first 

 mission, that' to the West Indian slaves, wag 

 started in 17M-2, and soon after stations were estab- 

 lished in (Iiecnland (q.v.), Lapland, North and 

 South America, South Africa, and other countries, 

 and enthusiastic Brethren tried even to convert 

 the (.ypsies. At present the church has 111 

 station's with 22 lilials. served hy 343 missionaries 

 and 16.)!) native assistants, who minister to 29,971 

 communicant* and 55,835 baptised adults, and 

 carry on 232 schools with 19,794 scholars. The 

 Moravians have also had an important leper mis- 

 sion in Jerusalem since 1867. The actual annual 

 expenditure is alxtut 50,000. The Brethren have 

 12 lioarding and 13 day schools in Britain, with 

 IMo pupils; -JO hoaiding and '2*2 day schools in 

 Cci-niany. with 27IJ9 pupils; and 4 schools in 

 America, with .VKI pupils. 



See histories of the Brethren by Holmes (1828), 

 Sohweinitz (1885). Boat (1S4S; and Eng. trans.); and 

 in German by Gmdely (1888) and Goll (1882); on 

 their constitution, by Seiffvrth ( IKtXi); on their missions, 

 by Thompson ( 188;$). and in German, by Keichel ( 1H74 ) ; 

 also Hurarian ftekool* ami Cuttum* ( 1KS!I| ; Ivsides the 

 numerous German lives of Zinzendorf ( 1772-1888). 



Moray. JAMKS sit utr, EARL OF, hy 1'ro 

 icstanis ,-alled the ' (Jood Regent. " : <s <l |e natural 

 son of James V. of Scotland, hy Margaret, daughter 

 of John, fourth Lord Erskine, whom .hum's; in I.VMi 

 thought seriously of marrying, even though she had 

 already wedded Sir Kohert Douglas of Lochleven. 

 Born in the year I ."'.'! I. in I.Vts he was made jirior 

 in cvmmendtim of St Andrews, in 1556 joined the 

 Reformers, and almost immediately hecame the 

 head of the Protestant party in Scotland. In 1561 

 lie was despatched to France to invite his half- 

 sister, Queen Mary, to return to her kingdom : 

 and on her arrival he acted a> her prime minister 

 and chief adviser. In 1562 she created him Marl 

 of Mar ; lull that earldom lieing claimed hy Lord 

 Erskinc. the title of Karl of Moray was in 1564 

 conferred instead on Lonl .lames, who had mean- 

 while put down the Border banditti, and defeat'-d 

 Hunlly at Corrichie. Strongly opposexl to the 

 marriiige of Mary to Darnlev i I."I(MI. he is falsely 

 alleged liefore it to have enileavou red to sei/c the 

 pair near Lochlcvcn ; and after it he openly 

 appealed to arms, hut was easily put to flight hv 

 the ouceii. and forced to tke refuge in Knglaml. 

 He did not return to Kdinhurgh till loth March 

 156(1, the day after Ri/./io's murder, tu which he 

 wait certainly privy. In April l">(!7 he withdrew 

 to France, hut in the following August was recalled 



hy the nohlpM in arms against Man-, anil found her 

 a prisoner at Lochleven, and himself nppointetl 

 regent of the kingdom. In his faiuou.- inten je 

 with the queen on the l.'ith hi: )M-have<l himsidf 

 rather like a ghostly father unto her than like a 

 counsellor.' On Mary's escape, he defeated her 

 fore-en at I-angxide, near Glasgow ( l.'ith May 1568), 

 and afterwards was one of the MNBmfaiaMB sent 

 to England to conduct the negotiations against 

 her. He then, as always, acted with extreme 

 warineiw ; and after his return to Scotland hy liis 

 vigour and prudence he succeeded in securing the 

 peace of the realm, and settling the all'airs of the 

 church, lint on 'JtHli January 1*>7(> he was shot at 

 Linlithgow hy .lames Hamilton of Bothwellhaiigh. 

 who was instigated thereto by Mary's adherents, 

 and prompted also, it may he, hy personal enmity. 

 He was buried ill St Ciles's, Edinburgh. (If his 

 ambition theie can hardly lie question ; still, the 

 most different estimates have tieen formed of his 

 character, according to men's estimates of Mary. 

 See MARV Qt KKX OF SCOTS, and works there 

 cited. 



Moray Firtll, an indentation of the (ierman 

 Ocean, on the north-east coast of Scotland, measur 

 ing 21 miles across its entrance from Tarbat Ness, 

 in Ross shire, to Stotlield Head, near Lossiemoiith 

 in Elginshire, and 3!) miles thence to the mouth of 

 the river Beanly. The name is sometimes applied 

 in a wider sense to the whole extent of sea lictwecn 

 Kinnaird's Head in Aberdeenshire and Duncans- 

 )>ay Head in Caithness. 



Moraysliire. See ELGINSHIRE. 



Morbihail. a maritime depart ment of France, 

 formed out of ancient Brittany, with the Atlantic 

 on the south and Finistere on the west. Area. 

 2I1-24 s,|. m. ; ]Mip. (IH72> 490,:2; (1891) .%44.47<i. 

 The coast is much indented, and lias a multitude 

 of bays, promontories, harliours, and islands. The 

 largest island is Ik-He Isle (q.v.). The department 

 forms a plateau of no great elevation, partly cul- 

 tivated, partly occupied hy extensive tracts of 

 heath and marsh (see BRITTANY). Morhihan is 

 divided into the four arrondissements of Vannes, 

 L'Orient, IMoermel, and 1'ontivy. The chief town 

 i- Yanncs (q.v.), but the most populous is L'Orient 

 (q.v.). Many ancient customs still prevail in 

 Horbih&o : communal proprietorship survives there, 



- - 1 . * . . > 



and in some of the islands the run', assisted by a 

 council of notables, governs the people in a patri- 

 archal fashion. 



Mordants. See DVKIM;. 



llordailllt. CMAKI.KS. See IY.rKl:l!<il:i>i 1:11. 



!Morl>ills. ' ' innic race, now however greatly 

 intermingled with the Kiissians, who dwell along 

 the middl mise of the Volga, from the govern- 

 ment of Nijni Novgorod to that of Samara. They 

 number about 7!KM>OO. 



More. II \VN.MI. was the fourth daughter of 

 the village schoolmaster of Staplcton, near Bristol, 

 where she was l.orti in 174.V As a child she showed 

 great quickness of apprehension and a good memory. 

 Her sifters were sent to a schiMil in Bristol, and 

 when the eldest was twenty one they o|(cm-d a 

 Imarding si-hool there, to which Hannah went when 

 she was twelve \eais old. She wrote vei^o-at an 

 early age. and in ITli- she published Tlic ,s'r,(/-,7i 

 n/ti'i- ll'i/ipint.ii, a piisioral drama. In 1774 s|,,. 

 went on a visit to London, and was introduced to 

 the (iarricks, and by them t<i 1 r Johnson, Buike, 

 Sir Joshua l!c\nolds. and the In'sl literaix society 

 of London. During this |>criod of her life she wrote 

 two talcs in verse, and two tragedies. /'./-.-,/ ami 

 Tin- b'nliil Sn-rct, Ixith of which were acted. While 

 in London she went a great deal into society, but 

 gradually found this mode of life to be unsatU- 



